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List of presidents of the Philippines
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Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the president of the Philippines () is both the head of state and government, and serves as the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. The president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be "a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election". No elected president can seek re-election. Upon resignation, or removal from the office, the vice president assumes the post. A president's successor who hasn't served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency.
The incumbent president is Bongbong Marcos, who assumed office on June 30, 2022.
History
Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president of the Philippines under the Malolos Republic, which was considered the First Philippine Republic. He held that office until 1901 when he was captured by United States forces during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902). The American colonization of the Philippines abolished the First Republic, which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power.
In 1935, the United States, pursuant to its promise of full Philippine sovereignty, established the Commonwealth of the Philippines following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution, which also restored the presidency. The first national presidential election was held, and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–1944) was elected to a six-year term with no provision for re-election as the second Philippine president and the first Commonwealth president. In 1940, however, the Constitution was amended to allow re-election but shortened the term to four years. However, a change in the government occurred three years later when the Second Philippine Republic was organized with the enactment of the 1943 Constitution, which Japan imposed after the occupied the Philippines in 1942 during World WarII. José P. Laurel acted as puppet president of the new Japanese-sponsored government; his de facto presidency, not legally recognized until the 1960s, overlapped with that of the president of the Commonwealth, which went into exile. The Second Republic was dissolved after the Japan surrendered to the Allies in 1945; the Commonwealth was then restored in the Philippines in the same year with the election of Sergio Osmeña (1944–1946) as president.
Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) then followed Osmeña when he won the first post-war election in 1946. He became the first president of the independent Philippines when the Commonwealth ended on July4 of that year. The Third Republic was ushered in and would cover the administrations of the next five presidents, the last of which was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986), who performed a self-coup by imposing martial law in 1972. The dictatorship of Marcos saw the birth of the New Society () and the Fourth Republic. His tenure lasted until 1986 when he was deposed in the People Power Revolution. The current constitution came into effect in 1987, marking the beginning of the Fifth Republic.
Of the individuals elected as president, three died in office: two of natural causes (Manuel L. Quezon and Manuel Roxas) and one in a plane crash (Ramon Magsaysay, 1953–1957). The longest-serving president is Ferdinand Marcos with in office; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. The shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who spent in office.
Two women have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–1992), who ascended to the presidency upon the successful People Power Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–2010), who, as vice president, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was elected to a full six-year term in 2004.
Presidents
| No. | Portrait | Name | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Lifespan) | Birthplace | Term start | Term end | Term length | Party | Election | Vice president | |||
| 1 | [[File:Emilio_Aguinaldo_(ca._1898).jpg | frameless | 143x143px]] | Emilio Aguinaldo | ||||||
| (1869–1964) | Cavite | January 23, | ||||||||
| 1899 | April 19, | |||||||||
| 1901 | Nonpartisan}};" | Nonpartisan | 1899 | |||||||
| Position abolished | ||||||||||
| (April 19, 1901 – November 15, 1935) | ||||||||||
| 2 | [[File:Manuel L. Quezon (November 1942) (cropped).jpg | frameless | 133x133px]] | Manuel L. Quezon | ||||||
| (1878–1944) | Nueva Ecija (now Aurora) | November 15, | ||||||||
| 1935 | August 1, | |||||||||
| 1944 | Nacionalista Party}};" | Nacionalista | 1935 | |||||||
| 1941 | ||||||||||
| 3 | [[File:Jose_P._Laurel_(cropped).jpg | frameless | 135x135px]] | Jose P. Laurel{{Efn | name=twopresidents}} | |||||
| (1891–1959) | Batangas | October 14, | ||||||||
| 1943 | August 17, | |||||||||
| 1945 | KALIBAPI}};" | KALIBAPI | ||||||||
| 4 | [[File:Sergio Osmena photo (cropped).jpg | 136x136px]] | Sergio Osmeña | |||||||
| (1878–1961) | Cebu | August 1, | ||||||||
| 1944 | May 28, | |||||||||
| 1946 | Nacionalista Party}};" | Nacionalista | — | |||||||
| 5 | [[File:Manuel Roxas (cropped).jpg | frameless | 136x136px]] | Manuel Roxas | ||||||
| (1892–1948) | Capiz | May 28, | ||||||||
| 1946 | April 15, | |||||||||
| 1948{{Efn | name=died}} | Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" | Liberal | |||||||
| 6 | [[File:Elpidio R Quirino (cropped).jpg | frameless | 127x127px]] | Elpidio Quirino | ||||||
| (1890–1956) | Ilocos Sur | April 17, | ||||||||
| 1948 | December 30, | |||||||||
| 1953 | Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" | Liberal | — | |||||||
| 1949 | Fernando Lopez | |||||||||
| (from 1949) | ||||||||||
| 7 | [[File:Ramon-Magsaysay-01 (cropped).jpg | frameless | 147x147px]] | Ramon Magsaysay | ||||||
| (1907–1957) | Zambales | December 30, | ||||||||
| 1953 | [March 17, | |||||||||
| 1957](1957-cebu-douglas-c-47-crash) | Nacionalista Party}};" | Nacionalista | 1953 | |||||||
| 8 | [[File:Carlos P Garcia photo (cropped).jpg | frameless | 137x137px]] | Carlos P. Garcia | ||||||
| (1896–1971) | Bohol | March 18, | ||||||||
| 1957 | December 30, | |||||||||
| 1961 | Nacionalista Party}};" | Nacionalista | — | |||||||
| 1957 | Diosdado Macapagal | |||||||||
| (from 1957) | ||||||||||
| 9 | [[File:Diosdado Macapagal photo (cropped).jpg | frameless | 136x136px]] | Diosdado Macapagal | ||||||
| (1910–1997) | Pampanga | December 30, | ||||||||
| 1961 | December 30, | |||||||||
| 1965 | 4 years | Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" | Liberal | 1961 | ||||||
| 10 | [[File:Ferdinand E Marcos (cropped).jpg | frameless | 147x147px]] | Ferdinand Marcos | ||||||
| (1917–1989) | Ilocos Norte | December 30, | ||||||||
| 1965 | February 25, | |||||||||
| 1986 | Nacionalista Party}};" | Nacionalista | ||||||||
| (until 1978) | 1965 | |||||||||
| 1969 | ||||||||||
| None | ||||||||||
| (1973–1984) | ||||||||||
| 1973 | ||||||||||
| 1977{{Efn | name=referendum}} | |||||||||
| Kilusang Bagong Lipunan}};" | KBL | |||||||||
| (from 1978) | ||||||||||
| 1981 | ||||||||||
| Vacant | ||||||||||
| (from 1984) | ||||||||||
| 11 | [[File:Corazon Aquino 1986.jpg | frameless | 133x133px]] | Corazon Aquino | ||||||
| (1933–2009) | Tarlac | February 25, | ||||||||
| 1986 | June 30, | |||||||||
| 1992 | United Nationalist Democratic Organization}};" | UNIDO | ||||||||
| (until 1987) | 1986 | |||||||||
| Independent}};" | Independent | |||||||||
| (from 1987) | ||||||||||
| 12 | [[File:Fidel Valdez Ramos Official Photo as President of the Philippines (1995) (cropped).jpg | frameless | 129x129px]] | Fidel V. Ramos | ||||||
| (1928–2022) | Pangasinan | June 30, | ||||||||
| 1992 | June 30, | |||||||||
| 1998 | 6 years | Lakas–CMD (1991)}};" | Lakas | 1992 | ||||||
| 13 | [[File:President Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada, Argentine President Menem (cropped) (cropped2).jpg | frameless | 129x129px]] | Joseph Estrada | ||||||
| (born 1937) | Manila | June 30, | ||||||||
| 1998 | January 20, | |||||||||
| 2001 | Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino}};" | LAMMP | 1998 | |||||||
| 14 | [[File:President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (cropped).jpg | frameless | 144x144px]] | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | ||||||
| (born 1947) | Pampanga | January 20, | ||||||||
| 2001 | June 30, | |||||||||
| 2010 | Lakas–CMD}};" | Lakas | — | |||||||
| Teofisto Guingona Jr. | ||||||||||
| (2001–2004) | ||||||||||
| 2004 | Noli de Castro | |||||||||
| (from 2004) | ||||||||||
| 15 | [[File:Benigno "Noynoy" S. Aquino III (face crop).jpg | frameless | 134x134px]] | Benigno Aquino III | ||||||
| (1960–2021) | Manila | June 30, | ||||||||
| 2010 | June 30, | |||||||||
| 2016 | 6 years | Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" | Liberal | 2010 | ||||||
| 16 | [[File:President Rodrigo Duterte portrait (cropped portrait).jpg | frameless | 133x133px]] | Rodrigo Duterte | ||||||
| (born 1945) | Leyte | June 30, | ||||||||
| 2016 | June 30, | |||||||||
| 2022 | 6 years | PDP–Laban}};" | PDP–Laban | 2016 | ||||||
| 17 | [[File:Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr (cropped2).jpg | frameless | 138x138px]] | Bongbong Marcos | ||||||
| (born 1957) | Manila | June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | Incumbent | {{ayd | 2022 | 6 | 30 | }} | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas}};" | PFP |
Timeline
Living former presidents
File:Independence Day Philippine American Friendship Day Celebration - 19165243949 o (cropped).jpg|Joseph Estrada (1998-2001) April 19, 1937 None, retired File:Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (20th Congress).jpg|Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010) April 5, 1947 Representative of Pampanga's 2nd district File:Duterte and Medialdea flying to The Hague in 2025 (cropped).jpg|Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022) March 28, 1945 None
Unofficial presidents
Andrés Bonifacio is considered by some historians to be the first president of the Philippines. He was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt in August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it into a revolutionary government with him as president. While the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all indigenous people in the Philippines in place of Filipino which had colonial origins.) (Item 3 in the list, referring to Note 41 at p.61, citing );
^ , "Formation of a revolutionary government";
^ (in "Document G", Account of Mr. Bricco Brigado Pantos).
Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar should also be included. Malvar continued Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership of the First Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902. Macario Sakay revived the Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are still both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not recognized as presidents by the Philippine government.
Emilio Aguinaldo is officially recognized as the first president of the Philippines, but this is based on his term of office during the Malolos Republic, later known as the First Philippine Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency of several revolutionary governments which are not counted in the succession of Philippine republics.
Manuel L. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, the then-Chief Justice, when the former fled the Philippines amidst Japanese occupation of the islands to establish a government-in-exile. He is believed to have in effect become the acting president of the Philippine Commonwealth though no legal document has been retrieved detailing the official transfer of the title of President to Abad Santos.
List
| Portrait | Name | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Lifespan) | Term | Party | Election | Vice President | Government | Nonpartisan politician}}" | Nonpartisan politician}}" | Nonpartisan politician}}" | Nonpartisan politician}}" | Katipunan}}" | Independent politician}}" | Kalibapi}}" | Kilusang Bagong Lipunan}}" | ||||||||
| [[File:Andrés Bonifacio photo (cropped).jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Andrés Bonifacio | |||||||||||||||||
| (1863–1897) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| {{cite book | last1 = Guererro | first1 = Francis Rodney | last2 = Songalia | title = Reform and Revolution | publisher = Asia Publishing Company Limited | volume = 5 | series = Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People | year = 1998 | isbn = 962-258-228-1}}{{Cite book | last1 = Borromeo-Buehler | first1 = Soledad | last2 = Borromeo | first2 = Soledad Masangkay | ||||||||
| [[File:Emilio Aguinaldo (ca. 1898).jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Emilio Aguinaldo | |||||||||||||||||
| (1869–1964) | March 22, 1897 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1, 1897 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Nonpartisan | 1897 | Mariano Trias | Tejeros Revolutionary Government | |||||||||||||||||
| November 2, 1897 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| December 14, 1897 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Republic of Biak-na-Bato | ||||||||||||||||||||
| May 24, 1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| June 23, 1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Dictatorial Government | ||||||||||||||||||||
| June 23, 1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| January 23, 1899 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Revolutionary Government | ||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Francisco Maabulos.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Francisco Makabulos | |||||||||||||||||
| (1871–1922) | April 17, 1898 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| May 19, 1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Nonpartisan | Central Executive Committee | |||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Miguel malvar PG.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Miguel Malvar | |||||||||||||||||
| (1865–1911) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| {{cite web | url = http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/jan/02/yehey/top_stories/20080102top6.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211205431/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/jan/02/yehey/top_stories/20080102top6.html | archive-date=2008-12-11 | title = Lawmaker: History wrong on Gen. Malvar | first = Maricel V. | last = Cruz | access-date = 2009-08-20 | date = 2008-02-02 | publisher = Manila Times | work = www.manilatimes.net | April 19, 1901 | ||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| April 16, 1902 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Nonpartisan | ||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Macario Sacay.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Macario Sakay | |||||||||||||||||
| (1870–1907) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| url = http://www.bibingka.com/phg/sakay/default.htm | title = Macario Sakay: Tulisán or Patriot? | first = Paul | last = Flores | access-date = 2007-04-08 | date = 1995-08-12 | publisher = Philippine History Group of Los Angeles | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609060908/http://www.bibingka.com/phg/sakay/default.htm | archive-date = 2007-06-09 | url = http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/columns/view/20070921-89821/September%92s_heroes | title = September's heroes | first = Michael | last = Tan | |||||||||
| [[File:José Abad Santos.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | José Abad Santos | |||||||||||||||||
| (1886–1942) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| March 17, 1942 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| May 1, 1942 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | Independent | Commonwealth | |||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Jorge Bartolomé Vargas.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Jorge B. Vargas | |||||||||||||||||
| (1890–1980) | January 23, 1942 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| October 14, 1943 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | KALIBAPI | Philippine Executive Commission | |||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Arturo Tolentino.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Arturo Tolentino | |||||||||||||||||
| (1910–2004) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| July 6, 1986 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| – | |||||||||||||||||||||
| July 8, 1986 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| () | KBL | 1986 | Fourth Republic |
List of presidents by age
| No. | President | Born | Age at start of presidency | Age at end of presidency | Post-presidency | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| timespan | Lifespan | Died | Age | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |||||
| Emilio Aguinaldo | March 22, 1869 | January 23, 1899 | March 23, 1901 | February 6, 1964 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel Quezon | August 19, 1878 | February 15, 1935 | August 1, 1944 | Died in office | August 1, 1944 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Jose P. Laurel | March 9, 1891 | October 14, 1943 | August 17, 1945 | November 6, 1959 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sergio Osmeña | September 9, 1878 | August 1, 1944 | May 28, 1946 | October 19, 1961 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel Roxas | January 1, 1892 | May 28, 1946 | April 15, 1948 | Died in office | April 15, 1948 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Elpidio Quirino | November 16, 1890 | April 17, 1948 | December 30, 1953 | February 29, 1956 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ramon Magsaysay | August 31, 1907 | December 30, 1953 | March 17, 1957 | Died in office | March 17, 1957 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Carlos P. Garcia | November 4, 1896 | March 18, 1957 | December 30, 1961 | June 14, 1971 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Diosdado Macapagal | September 28, 1910 | December 30, 1961 | December 30, 1965 | April 21, 1997 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ferdinand E. Marcos | September 11, 1917 | December 30, 1965 | February 25, 1986 | September 28, 1989 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corazon Aquino | January 25, 1933 | February 25, 1986 | June 30, 1992 | August 1, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fidel V. Ramos | March 18, 1928 | June 30, 1992 | June 30, 1998 | July 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Joseph Estrada | April 19, 1937 | June 30, 1998 | January 20, 2001 | Living | Living | ** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | April 5, 1947 | January 20, 2001 | June 30, 2010 | Living | Living | ** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benigno Aquino III | February 8, 1960 | June 30, 2010 | June 30, 2016 | June 24, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Rodrigo Duterte | March 28, 1945 | June 30, 2016 | June 30, 2022 | Living | Living | ** | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bongbong Marcos | September 13, 1957 | June 30, 2022 | Incumbent | Incumbent | Living | ** |
List of presidents by offices held before presidency
Executive branch
Vice presidents
| Vice President | President served under | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sergio Osmeña | Manuel L. Quezon | 1935–1944 | Osmeña succeeded Quezon, after the latter's death |
| Elpidio Quirino | Manuel Roxas | 1946–1948 | Quirino succeeded Roxas, after the latter's death; ran and won a full term in 1949 |
| Carlos P. Garcia | Ramon Magsaysay | 1953–1957 | Garcia succeeded Magsaysay, after the latter's death; ran and won a full term in 1957 |
| Diosdado Macapagal | Carlos P. Garcia | 1957–1961 | Macapagal defeated Garcia in 1961 |
| Joseph Estrada | Fidel V. Ramos | 1992–1998 | Estrada ran for a full term in 1998 |
| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Joseph Estrada | 1998–2001 | Arroyo succeeded Estrada, after the latter's resignation; ran and won a full term in 2004 |
3 other former vice presidents (S. Laurel, Binay, and Robredo) all made unsuccessful runs for the presidency.
Cabinet secretaries
The following list includes only cabinet secretaries who served full-time. Vice presidents who served concurrently as cabinet secretaries are not included.
| Secretary | Office | President served under | Year(s) served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elpidio Quirino | Secretary of Finance | Manuel Quezon | 1934– 1936 |
| Secretary of Interior | 1935–1938 | ||
| Manuel Roxas | 1941 | ||
| Ramon Magsaysay | Secretary of National Defense | Elpidio Quirino | 1935–1944 |
| Fidel V. Ramos | Corazon Aquino | 1988–1991 |
Other positions
| Name | Office | President served under | Year(s) served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry | Corazon Aquino | 1987–1992 |
Legislative
Senators
| Senator | District | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel L. Quezon | 5th | 1916–1935 | First president to serve as Senate president (1916–1935) |
| Jose P. Laurel | 1925–1931 | Only former president to serve as senator (1951–1957) | |
| Only senator to serve as majority floor leader (1925–1931) | |||
| Sergio Osmeña | 10th | 1922–1935 | First president to serve as president pro tempore (1922–1934) |
| Manuel Roxas | At-large | 1945–1946 | Second president to serve as Senate president (1916–1935) |
| Elpidio Quirino | 1st | 1925–1935 | Second and last president to serve as president pro tempore (1945–1946) |
| At-large | 1945–1946 | ||
| Carlos P. Garcia | 1945–1953 | First president to serve as minority floor leader (1946–1953) | |
| Ferdinand E. Marcos | 1959–1965 | Second president to serve as minority floor leader (1960–1962) | |
| Third and last president to serve as Senate president (1963–1965) | |||
| Joseph Estrada | 1987–1992 | ||
| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | 1992–1998 | ||
| Benigno Aquino III | 2007–2010 | Did not finish term, won presidency | |
| Bongbong Marcos | 2010–2016 |
Congressman/Representatives/Assemblyman
| Legislator | District | Lower House Name | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel L. Quezon | Tayabas 1st | Philippine Assembly | 1907–1909 | First president to serve as majority floor leader (1907–1909) |
| Sergio Osmeña | Cebu 2nd | 1907–1916 | First President to serve as speaker (1907–1916) | |
| House of Representatives | 1916–1922 | |||
| Manuel Roxas | Capiz 1st | 1922–1935 | Second president to serve as majority floor leader. | |
| Second president to serve as speaker (1922–1934) | ||||
| National Assembly | 1935–1938 | |||
| Elpidio Quirino | Ilocos Sur 1st | House of Representatives | 1919–1925 | |
| Ramon Magsaysay | Zambales at-large | 1946–1950 | ||
| Carlos P. Garcia | Bohol 3rd | 1925–1931 | ||
| Diosdado Macapagal | Pampanga 1st | 1949–1957 | ||
| Ferdinand E. Marcos | Ilocos Norte 2nd | 1949–1959 | ||
| Benigno Aquino III | Tarlac 2nd | 1998–2007 | Only president to serve as deputy speaker (2004–2006) | |
| Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City 1st | 1998–2001 | ||
| Bongbong Marcos | Ilocos Norte 2nd | 1992–1995; 2007– 2010 |
Local government
Governors
| Governor | Province | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel Quezon | Tayabas | 1906–1907 | |
| Sergio Osmeña | Cebu | 1904–1907 | |
| Manuel Roxas | Capiz | 1919–1922 | |
| Carlos P. Garcia | Bohol | 1933–1941 | |
| Bongbong Marcos | Ilocos Norte | 1983–1986; 1998–2007 | Only president to serve as vice governor (1980–1983) |
Mayors
| Mayor | City/Municipality | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Estrada | San Juan | 1969–1986 | First former president to serve as Mayor (2013–2019) |
| Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City | 1988–1998; 2001–2010; 2013–2016 | Only president to serve as vice mayor (1986–1987; 2010–2013) |
| Second former president elected as mayor (2025) |
Municipal/City Councilors
| Name | Municipality/City | Province | Year(s) served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel Quezon | Lucena | Tayabas | 1906 |
| Manuel Roxas | Capiz | Capiz | 1917–1919 |
Judiciary
| Name | Position | Year(s) served | President | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jose P. Laurel | Associate Justice of the Supreme Court | 1936–1942 | Manuel Quezon | Only president to serve on the Supreme Court |
International Affairs-related
| Name | Office | President served under | Year(s) served |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel Quezon | Resident Commissioner of the Philippines | None (Under American rule) | 1909–1916 |
Presidents who had not previously held elective office
Without previous experience in government, but served in the military
| Name | Year(s) served |
|---|---|
| Emilio Aguinaldo | 1899–1901 |
Without previous experience in government or in the military
| Name | Year(s) served |
|---|---|
| Corazon Aquino | 1986–1992 |
List of presidents by military service
| Name | Portrait | Rank | Branch | Year(s) served | Wars/Battles | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emilio Aguinaldo | [[File:General Emilio Aguinaldo.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Generalissimo | Philippine Revolutionary Army | 1896–1901 | Philippine Revolution, | |
| Philippine–American War | Became Commanding General of the entire Revolutionary Army after the assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna in June 1899. | ||||||||
| Manuel Quezon | [[File:Major Manuel Luis Quezon.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Major | Philippine Republican Army | 1899–1901 | Philippine–American War | Served under Gen. Tomas Mascardo and also aide-de-camp to President Aguinaldo |
| Manuel Roxas | [[File:Brigadier General Manuel A. Roxas (1945-05-24).jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Brigadier General | Philippine Commonwealth Army | 1941–1945 | World War II | Covertly provided intelligence reports to guerilla units while acting as chief advisor to President Laurel. |
| Ramon Magsaysay | [[File:Ramon Magsaysay guerilla.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | Captain | Philippine Commonwealth Army | 1942–1945 | World War II | 31st Infantry Division, present during the Battle of Bataan (1942). Later became Secretary of National Defense under President Quirino. |
| Ferdinand E. Marcos | [[File:Ferdinand Marcos as a soldier.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | 1st Lieutenant | USAFFE | 1942–1945 | World War II | 21st Infantry Division, present during the Battle of Bataan and the subsequent Death March (1942) |
| Major | USAFIP-NL | 14th Infantry Regiment | |||||||
| Fidel V. Ramos | [[File:Ramos Pentagon.jpg | frameless | upright=0.5 | 100px]] | General | Philippine Constabulary | 1950–1988 | Korean War, | |
| Vietnam War | Only former president to serve as chief of staff of the Armed Forces (1984–1985; 1986–1988), and commander of a service branch (1972–1986) |
Notes
Subnotes
Other notes
References
Works cited
- {{Citation
References
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