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Elections in Kerala

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Elections in Kerala

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Kerala

Elections in Kerala are regularly held to appoint government officials at various levels, both within the state of Kerala and in India as a whole. These elections encompass national elections as well as regional elections for local bodies and panchayats.

The Kerala Assembly has the authority to enact laws concerning the conduct of local body elections independently. However, any modifications made by the state legislature to the procedures of state-level elections require approval from the Parliament of India. In addition, the state legislature may be dismissed by the Parliament according to Article 356 of the Indian Constitution and President's rule may be imposed.

The Election Commission of India (ECI) prepares the electoral rolls for elections to the Parliament of India (Lok Sabha) and the Kerala Legislative Assembly, and conducts these elections.

Kerala State Election Commission (SEC) prepares the electoral rolls of Panchayats, Municipalities and Municipal Corporations and conduct their elections. The State Election Commissioner is also the Chairman of the Delimitation Commission.

Types of elections

Elections in Kerala include elections for:

  • Members of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
  • Members of Parliament in the Lok Sabha (Lower House)
  • Members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly (State Assembly)
  • Members of local governance bodies (municipal bodies and panchayats)
  • A by-election is held when the seat-holder of a particular constituency dies, resigns, or is disqualified.

Lok Sabha elections

Members of parliament in the Lok Sabha (Lower House) from Kerala are directly elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of the state from a set of candidates who stand in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of Kerala can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the Lok Sabha elections are called "Members of Parliament" and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the president of India on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chamber of the Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi on matters relating to the creation of new laws or removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of India. Elections take place once every five years to elect 20 members from Kerala. The leader of the majority party or alliance in the country takes oath as prime minister of India. Indian General Elections in Kerala has been mainly contested between two political parties since the formation of the state. The Indian National Congress which currently leads United Democratic Front (UDF) alliance and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) which currently leads Left Democratic Front (LDF) alliance. The Indian National Congress has been in lead, 11 out of 16 election from 1957 in Kerala. The elections for both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI). |+style="text-align:left;"|Legislative Assembly election results |[[File:Kerala Constituency wise Loksabha Results 2009.svg|center|thumb|250px|[[15th Lok Sabha]] ([[2009 Indian general election in Kerala|2009]])]] |[[File:Kerala Constituency wise Loksabha Results 2014.svg|center|thumb|250px|[[16th Lok Sabha]] ([[2014 Indian general election in Kerala|2014]])]] |[[File:Constituency wise Loksabha Results 2019 - Kerala.svg|center|thumb|250px|[[17th Lok Sabha]] ([[2019 Indian general election in Kerala|2019]])]] |[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Kerala Result Map.svg|center|thumb|280px|[[18th Lok Sabha]] ([[2024 Indian general election in Kerala|2024]])]]

Party Wise Results

Lok SabhaElection Year1st Party2nd Party3rd Party4th PartyOthersTotal Seats
2nd Lok Sabha1957Communist Party of India}}"CPI 9INC}}"INC 6Praja Socialist Party}}"PSP 1
3rd Lok Sabha1962Communist Party of India}}"CPI 6INC}}"INC 5Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
4th Lok Sabha1967Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 9Communist Party of India}}"CPI 3Samyukta Socialist Party}}"SSP 3
5th Lok Sabha1971Indian National Congress (R)}}"INC(R) 6Communist Party of India}}"CPI 3Kerala Congress}}"KC 3
6th Lok Sabha1977INC}}"INC 9Communist Party of India}}"CPI 4Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
7th Lok Sabha1980Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 6INC}}"INC (I) 4Indian National Congress (U)}}"INC (U) 3
8th Lok Sabha1984INC}}"INC 13Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}"KC (J) 2Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
9th Lok Sabha1989INC}}"INC 14Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 2Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
10th Lok Sabha1991INC}}"INC 13Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 3Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
11th Lok Sabha1996INC}}"INC 7Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 5Communist Party of India}}"CPI 2
12th Lok Sabha1998INC}}"INC 8Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 4Communist Party of India}}"CPI 2
13th Lok Sabha1999INC}}"INC 8Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 4Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
14th Lok Sabha2004Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 12Communist Party of India}}"CPI 3Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 1
15th Lok Sabha2009INC}}"INC 13Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 4Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
16th Lok Sabha2014INC}}"INC 8Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 7Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2
17th Lok Sabha2019INC}}"INC 15Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 1
18th Lok Sabha2024INC}}"INC 14Indian Union Muslim League}}"IUML 2Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M) 1

Alliance Wise Results

YearLok Sabha Election1st AllianceSeats won2nd AllianceSeats wonOther partiesSeats won
19572ndCommunist Party of India}}"CPI9Indian National Congress}}"INC6
19623rdUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"INC/PSP/IUML8Communist Party of India}}"CPI6
19674thCommunist Party of India}}"United Front17Indian National Congress}}"INC1
19715thUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"United Front16Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"CPI(M)2
19776th2000
19807thLeft Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"LDF12United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"UDF8
19848thUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"UDF18Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"LDF2
19899th1730
199110th1550
199611th10100
199812th1190
199913th1190
200414thLeft Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"LDF18United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"UDF1
200915thUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"UDF16Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"LDF4
201416th1280
201917th1910
202418th181NDA1

State Legislative Assembly Elections

Members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly are directly elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of the state from a set of candidates who stand in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of Kerala can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the legislative assembly elections are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly" and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the governor of Kerala on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Assembly Chamber of the Chief Secretariat in Thiruvananthapuram on matters relating to the creation of new laws or removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of Kerala. Elections take place once every five years to elect 140 members to the legislative assembly. The leader of the majority party or alliance takes oath as chief minister of Kerala.

YearElectionChief MinisterRuling Party
19571st AssemblyE. M. S. Namboodiripad
19622nd AssemblyPattom A. Thanu Pillai
1965No MajorityNo party won a majority
19673rd AssemblyE. M. S. Namboodiripad
19714th AssemblyC. Achutha Menon
19775th AssemblyK. Karunakaran
19806th AssemblyE. K. Nayanar
19827th AssemblyK. Karunakaran
19878th AssemblyE. K. Nayanar
19919th AssemblyK. Karunakaran
199610th AssemblyE. K. Nayanar
200111th AssemblyA. K. Antony
200612th AssemblyV. S. Achuthanandan
201113th AssemblyOommen Chandy
201614th AssemblyPinarayi Vijayan
202115th Assembly
202616th Assembly

Party wise election results

Election Year1st Party2nd Party3rd Party4th PartyOthersTotal SeatsPartySeatsPartySeatsPartySeatsPartySeats1957126196012619651331967133197013319771401980140198214019871401991140199614020011402006140201114020161402021140
Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India60INC}}"Indian National Congress43Praja Socialist Party}}"Praja Socialist Party914
INC}}"Indian National Congress63Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India29Praja Socialist Party}}"Praja Socialist Party20Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League113
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)40INC}}"Indian National Congress36Kerala Congress}}"Kerala Congress23Samyukta Socialist Party}}"Samyukta Socialist Party1321
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)52Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India19Samyukta Socialist Party}}"Samyukta Socialist Party19Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1429
INC}}"Indian National Congress30Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)29Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India16Kerala Congress}}"Kerala Congress1246
INC}}"Indian National Congress38Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India23Kerala Congress}}"Kerala Congress20Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)1742
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)35Indian National Congress (U)}}"Indian National Congress (U)21Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India17INC}}"Indian National Congress (I)1750
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)28Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress (I)20Congress (A)}}"Congress (A)15Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1463
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)38Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress33Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India16Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1538
Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress55Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)28Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League19Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India1226
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)40Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress37Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India18Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1332
Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress63Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)24Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League16Kerala Congress (M)}}"Kerala Congress (M)928
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)61Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress24Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India17Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League731
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)44Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress39Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League20Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India1324
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)58Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress22Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India19Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1823
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)62Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress21Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India17Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League1525

Alliance wise results

Winning Party / CoalitionSeats wonOpposition party/ CoalitionSeats wonOthersChief Minister
(Party)1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1957.svg150px]]Indian National Congress}};Praja Socialist Party}};1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1960.svg150px]]Praja Socialist Party}};Communist Party of India}};Indian National Congress}};1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1967.svg150px]]Indian National Congress}};Kerala Congress}};1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1970.svg150px]]Indian National Congress}};Kerala Congress}};Praja Socialist Party}};1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1977.svg150px]]Indian National Congress}};Kerala Congress}};Bharatiya Lok Dal}};1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1980.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front93United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front46Indian National Congress}};Praja Socialist Party}};1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1982.svg150px]]United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic FrontLeft Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1987.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic FrontUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1991.svg150px]]United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic FrontLeft Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1996.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic FrontUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 2001.svg150px]]United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic FrontLeft Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 2006.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic FrontUnited Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:India Kerala Parliament 2011.svg150px]]United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front72Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front682016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:Kerala Assembly 2016 Seat Status.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front91United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front472021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[[File:Niyamasabha 2021.svg150px]]Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"Left Democratic Front99United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}; color:white"United Democratic Front41Scheduled
Communist Party of India}};Communist Party of India (CPI)60Indian National Congress (INC)439E. M. S. Namboodiripad
(CPI)
Independent5Praja Socialist Party (PSP)9
Praja Socialist Party (PSP)20Communist Party of India (CPI)293Pattom Thanu Pillai
(PSP)
Indian National Congress (INC)63
Indian Union Muslim League}};Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)12
President's Rule
No single party could form a ministry commanding majority and hence this election is considered abortive.
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))52Indian National Congress (INC)915E. M. S. Namboodiripad
(CPI(M))
Communist Party of India}};Communist Party of India (CPI)19
Samyukta Socialist Party}};Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP)19Kerala Congress (KC)5
Indian Union Muslim League}};Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)14
Communist Party of India}};Communist Party of India (CPI)16Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))2919C. Achutha Menon
(CPI)
Indian National Congress (INC)30
Kerala Congress (KC)12
Indian Union Muslim League}};Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)11
Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)6
Praja Socialist Party (PSP)3
Socialist Party}};Socialist Party (SP)1
Indian National Congress (INC)38Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))170K. Karunakaran
(INC)
Communist Party of India}};Communist Party of India (CPI)23
Kerala Congress (KC)20Bharatiya Lok Dal (KC)6
Indian Union Muslim League}};Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)13All-India Muslim League}};All India Muslim League (AIML)3
Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)9Kerala Congress (B)}};Kerala Congress (B) (KC(B))6
Independents8Independents1
0E. K. Nayanar
CPI(M)
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))35Indian National Congress (INC)17
Communist Party of India}};Communist Party of India (CPI)17Indian Union Muslim League}};Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)14
Indian National Congress (U)}};Indian National Congress (U) (INC(U))21Kerala Congress (Jacob)}};Kerala Congress (Jacob) (KC(J))6
Kerala Congress (B)}};Kerala Congress (B) (KC(B))1Janata Party}};Janata Party (JP)5
Kerala Congress (M)}};Kerala Congress (M) (KC(M))8Praja Socialist Party (PSP)1
Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)6Independents4
All-India Muslim League}};All India Muslim League (AIML)5
77630K. Karunakaran
INC
78611E. K. Nayanar
CPI(M)
90482K. Karunakaran
INC
80591E. K. Nayanar
CPI(M)
99401A. K. Antony
INC
98420V. S. Achuthanandan
CPI(M)
1Oommen Chandy
INC
Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress38Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)45
Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League20Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India13
Kerala Congress (M)}}"Kerala Congress (M)9Janata Dal (Secular)}}"Janata Dal (Secular)4
Socialist Janata (Democratic)}}"Socialist Janata (Democratic)2Independent politician}}"Independents2
Kerala Congress (B)}}"Kerala Congress (B)1Nationalist Congress Party}}"Nationalist Congress Party2
Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}"Kerala Congress (Jacob)1Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}"Revolutionary Marxist Party of India2
2Pinarayi Vijayan
CPI(M)
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)58Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress22
Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India19Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League18
Janata Dal (Secular)}}"Janata Dal (Secular)3Kerala Congress (M)}}"Kerala Congress (M)6
Nationalist Congress Party}}"Nationalist Congress Party2Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}"Kerala Congress (Jacob)1
Independent politician}}"Independents5
Congress (Secular)}}"Congress (Secular)1
Kerala Congress (B)}}"Kerala Congress (B)1
National Secular Conference}}"National Secular Conference1
Communist Marxist Party}}"Communist Marxist Party1
0Pinarayi Vijayan
CPI(M)
Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}"Communist Party of India (Marxist)62Indian National Congress}}"Indian National Congress21
Communist Party of India}}"Communist Party of India17Indian Union Muslim League}}"Indian Union Muslim League15
Kerala Congress (M)}}"Kerala Congress (M)5Kerala Congress}}"Kerala Congress2
Janata Dal (Secular)}}"Janata Dal (Secular)2Kerala Congress (Jacob)}}"Kerala Congress (Jacob)1
Nationalist Congress Party}}"Nationalist Congress Party2Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}}"Revolutionary Marxist Party of India1
Loktantrik Janata Dal}}"Loktantrik Janata Dal1Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}"Revolutionary Socialist Party0
Indian National League}}"Indian National League1
Congress (Secular)}}"Congress (Secular)1

List of political alliances of Kerala in power (1980–present)

No.FlagPolitical allianceTotal days in governance12
[[File:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Logo.svg100px]]Left Democratic Front (LDF)Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" days
[[File:UDF logo.png100px]]United Democratic Front (UDF)United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}"days

Local Body elections

Main article: Local government in Kerala

The elections for local self-government institutions, such as panchayats and municipalities, are conducted by the Kerala State Election Commission, which is an independent constitutional authority.

Panchayat Elections is a term widely used in Kerala, India, for the polls that are held to select the Local Self-government Representatives. There are three branches of local self-government institutions in Kerala, officially known as Panchayati Raj Institutions, responsible for rural governance. They are Grama Panchayat which can be translated as Village Government, Block Panchayat and District Panchayat. A Grama Panchayat is almost an equivalent to City administration and, Block Panchayat is for a rural block (which includes several gram panchayats) District Panchayat to a County (excluding statutory cities and towns).

There are two more wings namely Municipality which is the urban local government that exists only in major towns and Municipal Corporations that come only in six major cities. Consequent to the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution of India, the local self-government institutions (LSGIs) are to function as the third tier of government.

At present, there are 1200 local governments in Kerala, which includes 941 Grama Panchayats, 152 Block Panchayats, 14 District Panchayats, 87 Municipalities and 6 Municipal Corporations.

The last Election to the Local Self-government Institutions in Kerala (Panchayat Elections) was held in 2025 december. The results were announced on 13 december 2025. Next local body elections are scheduled to be held in 2030.

YearMunicipal Corporation ResultsTotalLDFUDFNDAOTH6665
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}National Democratic Alliance}}
20251410
20205100
20154200
20103200
YearMunicipalities ResultsTotalLDFUDFNDAOTH87878759
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}National Democratic Alliance}}
2025285420
2020434120
2015444110
2010203900
YearDistrict Panchayat ResultsTotalLDFUDFNDAOTH14141414
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}National Democratic Alliance}}
20257700
202011300
20157700
20106800
YearBlock Panchayat ResultsTotalLDFUDFNDAOTH152152152
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}National Democratic Alliance}}
2025637906
20201083800
2015906101
YearGram Panchayat ResultsTotalLDFUDFNDAOTH941941941
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}National Democratic Alliance}}
2025340505266
20205143211923
20155493651413

Notes

References

  1. "Messages".
  2. "Terms of the Houses". Election Commission of India.
  3. "History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India".
  4. "Kerala Assembly Election DATABASE".
  5. "Kerala Assembly Election Schedule 2016". Election Commission India.
  6. (2019-12-29). "What will force Mr Modi to change course will be the outcome of the state elections in 2020–21".
  7. Jha, B. K.. "All About India's Panchayati Raj System".
  8. "Local Self-Governance – Government of Kerala, India".
  9. Rajwi, Tiki. (2025-11-10). "Kerala local body elections 2025 to be held in two phases on December 9 and 11; counting on December 13". The Hindu.
  10. Suresh, M. K.. "Kerala to conduct local body elections in October".
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