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Texas's 1st congressional district

U.S. House district for Texas

U.S. House district for Texas

FieldValue
stateTexas
district number1
image name{{switcher
{{maplinkframeyesplain=yesfrom=Texas's 1st congressional district (2023–).mapframe-height=300frame-width=400frame-latitude=32.4frame-longitude=-94.1zoom=7overlay-horizontal-alignment=rightoverlay-vertical-alignment=bottomoverlay=[[File:Texas's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg100px]]}}
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image captionInteractive map of district boundaries
representativeNathaniel Moran
partyRepublican
residenceWhitehouse
distribution ref
percent urban56.8
percent rural43.4
population795,955
population year2024
median income$66,563
percent white60.0
percent black17.5
percent asian1.2
percent other race0.7
percent more than one race3.7
percent hispanic17.0
cpviR+25

| |From 2023 to 2027, starting with the 2022 elections | |From 2027, starting with the 2026 elections | percent more than one race = 3.7

Texas' 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives serves the northeastern portion of the state of Texas. As of 2022, the 1st district contained 775,992 people. It consists largely of four small East Texas metropolitan areas—Kilgore, Texarkana, Longview–Marshall, and Tyler. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+25, it is one of the most Republican districts in Texas. It has been represented by Republican Nathaniel Moran since 2023.

The 1st district once encompassed large parts of North Texas and Central Texas, but as the population of Texas grew, the district got smaller until it only encompassed about half of Northeast Texas.

For most of its history, the district was based in Texarkana, but in a controversial 2003 redistricting orchestrated by then-House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, Texarkana was drawn out of the district and moved to the neighboring . Lufkin, Tyler and Longview were added in its place. In the 2021 redistricting, Lufkin was dropped from the district and Texarkana was added back into it.

The district was predominantly rural for much of its history, and thus was far friendlier to electing Democrats to Congress even as most of Texas swung toward the Republicans. The district's four-term Democratic incumbent, Max Sandlin, was a particularly severe critic of the DeLay-led redistricting effort, claiming that lumping rural areas with urban ones stifled the voice of rural voters. The 2003 redistricting made the district more urban and Republican, especially with the addition of the Republican strongholds of Tyler and Longview. Sandlin was easily defeated in November 2004 by Republican Louie Gohmert, a longtime judge in the Tyler area. Gohmert was the first Republican to represent the district since Reconstruction. Proving just how Republican the reconfigured district is, Gohmert was reelected seven times with no less than 68 percent of the vote. The Democrats chose to not put up a candidate in 2008 and 2012. In 2022, Moran was elected to succeed Gohmert, with nearly 80% of the vote, becoming only the second Republican to represent the district since Reconstruction. In 2024, Moran ran unopposed.

The district's best-known congressman, Wright Patman, represented the district for 47 years—the second-longest tenure of any Texan in Congress. He was an early supporter of the New Deal, and later chaired the House Banking Committee for 12 years.

2012 redistricting

The 2012 redistricting process changed the district's northern section. All of Marion County, Cass County, and most of Upshur County were removed from the district. To compensate, the eastern half of Wood County was added. Prior to this, the district included a population of 651,619 in the 2000 census. Additionally, the population broke down accordingly:

  • Under 18: 26.2%
  • Over 65: 14.1%
  • Married 58.7%
  • Non-Hispanic White: 71%
  • Black: 18%
  • Hispanic: 9%
  • Asian: 1%
  • Foreign born: 5.3%
  • Language other than English: 9.8%
  • Median household income: $33,461
  • Owner-occupied housing: 71.9%
  • Income above $200K: 1.4%

Recent election results from statewide races

2023–2027 boundaries

YearOfficeResults
2008PresidentMcCain 69% - 30%
2012PresidentRomney 72% - 28%
2014SenateCornyn 78% - 22%
GovernorAbbott 76% - 24%
2016PresidentTrump 72% - 25%
2018SenateCruz 73% - 27%
GovernorAbbott 75% - 24%
Lt. GovernorPatrick 70% - 28%
Attorney GeneralPaxton 71% - 27%
Comptroller of Public AccountsHegar 73% - 25%
2020PresidentTrump 72% - 26%
SenateCornyn 73% - 26%
2022GovernorAbbott 77% - 22%
Lt. GovernorPatrick 76% - 22%
Attorney GeneralPaxton 76% - 22%
Comptroller of Public AccountsHegar 77% - 21%
2024PresidentTrump 75% - 24%
SenateCruz 73% - 25%

2027–2033 boundaries

YearOfficeResults
2008PresidentMcCain 68% - 31%
2012PresidentRomney 72% - 28%
2014SenateCornyn 78% - 22%
GovernorAbbott 76% - 24%
2016PresidentTrump 72% - 25%
2018SenateCruz 71% - 28%
GovernorAbbott 74% - 25%
Lt. GovernorPatrick 69% - 29%
Attorney GeneralPaxton 71% - 28%
Comptroller of Public AccountsHegar 72% - 26%
2020PresidentTrump 71% - 28%
SenateCornyn 72% - 27%
2022GovernorAbbott 76% - 23%
Lt. GovernorPatrick 75% - 23%
Attorney GeneralPaxton 75% - 23%
Comptroller of Public AccountsHegar 77% - 22%
2024PresidentTrump 74% - 25%
SenateCruz 73% - 26%

Composition

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:

Bowie County (8)

: De Kalb, Maud, Nash, New Boston, Red Lick, Redwater, Texarkana, Wake Village

Camp County (2)

: Pittsburg, Rocky Mound

Cass County (11)

: All 11 communities

Franklin County (2)

: Mount Vernon, Winnsboro

Gregg County (11)

: All 11 communities

Harrison County (6)

: All 6 communities

Marion County (2)

: Jefferson, Pine Harbor

Morris County (5)

: All 5 communities

Panola County (4)

: All 4 communities

Red River County (6)

: All 6 communities

Rusk County (9)

: All 9 communities

Sabine County (3)

: All 3 communities

San Augustine County (2)

: Broaddus, San Augustine

Shelby County (6)

: All 6 communities

Smith County (12)

: All 12 communities

Titus County (4)

: All 4 communities

Upshur County (6)

: Big Sandy, East Mountain, Gilmer, Gladewater (shared with Gregg County), Union Grove, Warren City (shared with Gregg County)

Recent election results

Election results from recent races:

U.S. Representative

List of members representing the district

RepresentativePartyYearsCong
ressElectoral historyurl=http://www.tlc.texas.gov/redist/history/maps_congress.htmltitle=Historical Maps (1846–2012)work=Texas Redistrictingpublisher=Texas Legislative Council}}
District established December 29, 1845
VacantnowrapDecember 29, 1845 –
March 30, 18461845–1851
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Fannin, Nacogdoches, Rusk, Harrison, Shelby, Houston, San Augustine, Liberty, Jasper, Jefferson
[[File:David S. Kaufman (Texas Congressman).jpg100px]]
David S. Kaufman
(Sabine)DemocraticnowrapMarch 30, 1846 –
January 31, 1851Elected in 1846.
Re-elected November 2, 1846.
Re-elected late August 6, 1849.
Died.
VacantnowrapJanuary 31, 1851 –
March 4, 1851
[[File:RichardsonAScurry.jpg100px]]
Richardson A. Scurry
(Clarksville)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853Re-elected late August 4, 1851.1851–1861
Cooke, Fannin, Grayson, Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Denton, Collin, Hunt, Hopkins, Titus, Cass, Dallas, Kaufman, Van Zandt, Wood, Upshur, Harrison, Henderson, Smith, Rusk, Panola, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Shelby, Houston, Angelina, San Augustine, Sabine, Trinity, Polk, Tyler, Jasper, Newton, Liberty, Jefferson
[[File:GeorgeWSmyth.jpg100px]]
George W. Smyth
(Jasper)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855Elected late August 1, 1853.
Retired.
[[File:Lemuel D. Evans (Texas judge and Congressman).jpg100px]]
Lemuel D. Evans
(Marshall)Know NothingnowrapMarch 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857Re-elected late August 6, 1855.
[[File:JHReagan.jpg100px]]
John H. Reagan
(Palestine)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1861Elected late August 3, 1857.
Re-elected late August 1, 1859.
Left Congress for state's secession.
District inactivenowrapMarch 3, 1861 –
March 30, 1870Civil War and Reconstruction
[[File:George Washington Whitmore (Texas Congressman).jpg100px]]
George W. Whitmore
(Tyler)RepublicannowrapMarch 30, 1870 –
March 3, 1871Elected to finish vacant term.
Lost re-election.1870–1873
Wood, Harrison, Van Zandt, Smith, Rusk, Panola, Henderson, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Shelby, Houston, Angelina, San Augustine, Sabine, Trinity, Polk, Tyler, Jasper, Newton, Liberty, Hardin, Orange, Chambers, Jefferson
[[File:William S. Herndon (Texas Congressman).jpg100px]]
William S. Herndon
(Tyler)DemocraticMarch 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1875Elected late October 6, 1871.
Re-elected in 1872.
1873–1875
Smith, Rusk, Panola, Henderson, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Shelby, Houston, Angelina, San Augustine, Sabine, Trinity, Polk, Tyler, Jasper, Newton, Liberty, Hardin, Orange, Chambers, Jefferson
[[File:JHReagan.jpg100px]]
John H. Reagan
(Palestine)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1883Elected in 1874.
Re-elected in 1876.
Re-elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
Redistricted to the .1875–1883
Wood, Harrison, Van Zandt, Smith, Rusk, Panola, Henderson, Anderson, Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Shelby, Houston, Angelina, San Augustine, Sabine, Trinity, Polk, Tyler, Jasper
[[File:CharlesStewartTX.jpg100px]]
Charles Stewart
(Houston)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1893Elected in 1882.
Re-elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Re-elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
1883–1893
Angelina, Trinity, Madison, Brazos, Grimes, Waller, Montgomery, Harris, Polk, San Jacinto, Liberty, Chambers, Jefferson, Orange, Tyler, Jasper, Newton
[[File:Joseph Chappell Hutcheson, Sr. (Texas Congressman).jpg100px]]
Joseph C. Hutcheson
(Houston)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1897Elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
1893–1897
Freestone, Leon, Trinity, Madison, Walker, Grimes, Montgomery, Waller, Harris, Chambers
[[File:Thomas H. Ball (Texas Congressman).jpg100px]]
Thomas H. Ball
(Huntsville)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1903Elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
1897–1903
Freestone, Leon, Trinity, Madison, Walker, Grimes, Montgomery, Waller, Harris, Chambers
[[File:Sheppard morris.jpg100px]]
Morris Sheppard
(Texarkana)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1903 –
March 3, 1913Elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Redistricted from the .1903–1913
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
[[File:HoraceWorthVaughan.jpg100px]]
Horace W. Vaughan
(Texarkana)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1913 –
March 3, 1915Elected in 1912.
1913–1915
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
[[File:Eugene Black.jpeg100px]]
Eugene Black
(Clarksville)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1915 –
March 3, 1929Elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
1915–1933
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
[[File:John William Wright Patman.jpg100px]]
Wright Patman
(Texarkana)DemocraticMarch 4, 1929 –
March 7, 1976Elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Died.
1933–1959
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
1959–1967
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
1967–1969
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Shelby
1969–1973
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby
1973–1975
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Fannin, Henderson, San Augustine
1975–1977
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Fannin, Henderson, San Augustine, southeastern Hunt, eastern Rains
VacantnowrapMarch 7, 1976 –
June 19, 1976
[[File:Sam B. Hall, Jr.jpg100px]]
Sam B. Hall
(Marshall)DemocraticJune 19, 1976 –
May 27, 1985Elected to finish Patman's term.
Re-elected in 1978.
Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
1977–1983
1983–1993
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Henderson, San Augustine, northern Hunt
VacantnowrapMay 27, 1985 –
August 3, 1985
[[File:Jim Chapman.jpg100px]]
Jim Chapman
(Sulphur Springs)DemocraticAugust 3, 1985 –
January 3, 1997Elected to finish Hall's term.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
1993–1997
Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Upshur, Shelby, eastern Hunt, southeastern Gregg, parts of Nacogdoches
[[File:Max Sandlin.jpg100px]]
Max Sandlin
(Marshall)DemocraticJanuary 3, 1997 –
January 3, 2005Elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Lost re-election.1997–2003
2003–2005
[[File:Texas's 1st congressional district 2003–2005.png300px]]Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Upshur, Shelby, most of Hunt, northern Nacogdoches
[[File:Louie Gohmert official congressional photo.jpg100px]]
Louie Gohmert
(Tyler)RepublicanJanuary 3, 2005 –
January 3, 2023Elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Retired to run for Attorney General of Texas.2005–2013
[[File:TX01 109.gif300px]]Upshur, Marion, Harrison, Gregg, Smith, Rusk, Panola, Nacogdoches, Shelby, San Augustine, Sabine, Angelina, southeastern Cass
2013–2023
[[File:Texas US Congressional District 1 (since 2013).tif300px]]Angelina, Gregg, Harrison, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Upshur (part), Wood (part)
[[File:Rep. Nathaniel Moran official photo, 118th Congress.jpg100px]]
Nathaniel Moran
(Whitehouse)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2023 –
presentElected in 2022.
Re-elected in 2024.2023–2027
[[File:Texas US Congressional District 1 (since 2021).tif300px]]Bowie (part), Camp, Cass, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris, Panola, Red River (part), Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Titus, Upshur (part)

References

References

  1. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (State-based)". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
  2. "My Congressional District".
  3. (April 3, 2025). "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)".
  4. "Home".
  5. "DRA 2020".
  6. "DRA 2020".
  7. "Texas – Congressional District 1 – Representative Nathaniel Moran".
  8. Until 1872, Texas (like some other states) held its congressional elections after the March 4 beginning of the term but before the December date on which Congress began its formal business. Such elections are denoted here as "late".
  9. (August 2025). "Historical Maps (1846–2012)". Texas Legislative Council}}{{dead link.
  10. Acts 1846, 1st Leg., R.S., eff. Feb. 28, 1846.
  11. Acts 1850, 3rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 134, app. Feb. 11, 1850.
  12. Constitution of the State of Texas (1869)
  13. Acts 1874, 14th Leg., R.S., Ch. 161, eff. May 2, 1874.
  14. Acts 1879, 16th Leg., R.S., Ch. 102, eff. Apr. 18, 1879.
  15. Acts 1882, 17th Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 30, eff. Aug. 3, 1882.
  16. Acts 1892, 22nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 19, eff. Jul. 11, 1892.
  17. [[United States v. Texas (1896). United States v. Texas]], 162 U.S. 1 (1896)
  18. Acts 1901, 27th Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 5, eff. Dec. 3, 1901
  19. Acts 1909, 31st Leg., R.S., Ch. 86, eff. Jun. 11, 1909.
  20. Acts 1917, 35th Leg., R.S., Ch. 119, eff. Jun. 19, 1917.
  21. Acts 1933, 43rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 135, eff. Aug. 30, 1933.
  22. Acts 1957, 55th Leg., R.S., Ch. 286, eff. Aug. 21, 1957;
    [[Bush v. Martin]], 224 F. Supp. 499 (S.D. Tex. 1963);
    aff'd per curiam, [[Martin v. Bush]], 376 U.S. 222 (1964);
    Acts 1965, 59th Leg., R.S., Ch. 349, eff. Aug. 30, 1965.
  23. Acts 1967, 60th Leg., R.S., Ch. 342, eff. Aug. 28, 1967;
    [[Bush v. Martin]], 251 F. Supp. 484 (S.D. Tex. 1966).
  24. Acts 1971, 62nd Leg. 1st C.S., Ch. 12, eff. Sep. 3, 1971.
  25. [[White v. Weiser]], --- F. Supp. --- (N.D. Tex. 1973) PLAN B
  26. Acts 1975, 64th Leg., R.S., Ch. 538, eff. Sep. 1, 1975.
  27. Acts 1981, 67th Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 2, eff. Nov. 10, 1981;
    [[Seamon v. Upham]], 536 F. Supp. 931, 958 (E.D. Tex. 1982);
    Acts 1983, 68th Leg., R.S., Ch. 531, eff. Jun. 19, 1983.
  28. Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 7, eff. Nov. 24, 1991;
    [[Vera v. Richards]], 861 F. Supp. 1304 (S.D. Tex. 1994);
    [[Bush v. Vera]], 517 U.S. 952 (1996);
    [[Vera v. Bush]], 933 F. Supp. 1341 (S.D. Tex. 1996) PLANC657
  29. [[Vera v. Bush]], 933 F. Supp. 1341 (S.D. Tex. 1996);
    [[Vera v. Bush]], 980 F. Supp. 254 (S.D. Tex. 1997) PLANC746
  30. [[Balderas v. State of Texas]], --- F. Supp. --- (E.D. Tex. 2001) PLAN01151C
  31. Acts 2003, 78th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2, eff. Jan. 11, 2004 PLAN01374C;
    [[Lulac v. Perry]], 457 F. Supp. 2d 716 (E.D. Tex. 2006) PLAN01440C.
  32. (August 26, 2021). "District Population Analysis with County Subtotals {{!}} CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS – PLANC2100". Texas Legislative Council.
  33. (October 17, 2021). "District Population Analysis with County Subtotals {{!}} CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS – PLANC2193". Texas Legislative Council.
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