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List of governors of Pennsylvania

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List of governors of Pennsylvania
Summary

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FieldValue
postGovernor
bodythe
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
insigniaSeal of the Governor of Pennsylvania.svg
insigniasize110px
insigniacaptionSeal of the governor
flagFlag of the Governor of Pennsylvania.svg
flagborderyes
flagcaptionFlag of the governor
style
departmentGovernment of Pennsylvania
status
imageFile:Gov. Shapiro (cropped).jpg
imagesize200
incumbentJosh Shapiro
incumbentsinceJanuary 17, 2023
residenceGovernor's Residence
termlengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
inauguralThomas Mifflin
formationDecember 21, 1790
successionLine of succession
deputyLieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
salary$201,729 (2020)
website

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania The governor of Pennsylvania is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as well as commander-in-chief of the state's national guard.

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, as well as to convene the legislature. The governor may grant pardons except in cases of impeachment, but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons.

There have been seven presidents and 48 governors of Pennsylvania, with two governors (Robert E. Pattison and Gifford Pinchot) serving non-consecutive terms, totaling 55 terms in both offices. The longest term was that of the first governor, Thomas Mifflin, who served three full terms as governor in addition to two years as President of the Continental Congress. The shortest term belonged to John C. Bell Jr., who served only 19 days as acting governor after his predecessor, Edward Martin, resigned.

The current governor is Josh Shapiro, who took office on January 17, 2023.

Governors

Pennsylvania was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on December 12, 1787. Before it declared its independence, Pennsylvania was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Presidents of the Supreme Executive Council

The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 created the Supreme Executive Council as the state's executive branch, with a president as its head. The president was chosen annually by the council, though with no specific term dates.

The constitution created the position of "vice-president", though no provision was made if the office of the president became vacant, which occurred four times later. Contemporary sources continue to label the chief executive in such times as the vice-president, without any notion of succeeding in the presidency. One acting president, George Bryan, was subsequently recognized later as a full-fledged governor, due to his acting as president for over six months.

No.PresidentTerm in officeVice-President1234567
[[File:Thomas Wharton (1735 - 1778), by Charles Willson Peale (1741 - 1827).jpg75px]]Thomas Wharton Jr.
(1735–1778)
–
May 23, 1778
(died in office)
[[File:GeorgeBryan.jpg75px]]George Bryan
(1731–1791)
–
December 22, 1778
(left office)*acting as
president*
[[File:Joseph Reed.webp75px]]Joseph Reed
(1741–1785)
–
November 15, 1781
(term-limited)
(resigned October 11, 1779)
(resigned November 15, 1779)
[[File:William Moore (Pennsylvania).jpg75px]]William Moore
(1735–1793)
–
November 7, 1782
(left office)
[[File:John Dickinson portrait.jpg75px]]John Dickinson
(1732–1808)
–
October 18, 1785
(term-limited)
(resigned October 10, 1785)
[[File:Benjamin Franklin by Joseph Duplessis 1778.jpg75px]]Benjamin Franklin
(1706–1790)
–
November 5, 1788
(term-limited)
(resigned October 14, 1788)
[[File:Thomas Mifflin.jpg75px]]Thomas Mifflin
(1744–1800)
–
December 21, 1790
(became state governor)

Governors of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Harrisburg]] at Wolf's January 2015 gubernatorial inauguration

The 1790 constitution abolished the council and replaced the president with a governor, and established a three-year term for governor commencing on the third Tuesday of the December following the election, with governors not allowed to serve more than nine out of any twelve years. The 1838 constitution moved the start of the term to the third Tuesday of the January following the election, and allowed governors to only serve six out of any nine years. The 1874 constitution lengthened the term to four years, and prohibited governors from succeeding themselves. The current constitution of 1968 changed this to allow governors to serve two consecutive terms, with no lifetime limit.

Under the 1968 constitution, Milton Shapp was the first governor to serve two terms, and Tom Corbett was the first incumbent governor to lose a re-election bid.

If the office of governor becomes vacant through death, resignation, or conviction on impeachment, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term; if the office is only temporarily vacant due to disability of the governor, the lieutenant governor only acts out the duties of governor. Should both offices be vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate becomes governor. The position of a lieutenant governor was created in the 1874 constitution; prior to then, the speaker of the senate would act as governor in cases of vacancy. Originally, the lieutenant governor could only act as governor; it was not until the 1968 constitution that the lieutenant governor could actually become the sitting governor in that fashion. The office of governor has been vacant for an extended period once before, a 17-day gap in 1848 between the resignation of the previous governor and the swearing in of his acting successor. Governors and lieutenant governors are elected on the same political party ticket.

No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor1234567891011121314151617181920192122232425262728292830313233343536373839404142434445464748
[[File:Thomas Mifflin.jpg75px]]Nonpartisan politician}};"Thomas Mifflin
(1744–1800)
–
December 17, 1799
(term-limited)None1790Office did not exist
Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"Democratic-
Republican1793
1796
[[File:ThomasMcKean3.jpg75px]]Thomas McKean
(1734–1817)
–
December 20, 1808
(term-limited)Democratic-
Republican1799
1802
Tertium quids}};"Constitutionalist1805
[[File:SimonSnyder.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"Simon Snyder
(1759–1819)
–
December 16, 1817
(term-limited)Democratic-
Republican1808
1811
1814
[[File:WFindley.jpg75px]]William Findlay
(1768–1846)
–
December 19, 1820
(lost election)Democratic-
Republican1817
[[File:Joseph Hiester.jpg75px]]Federalist Party}};"Joseph Hiester
(1752–1832)
–
December 16, 1823
(did not run)Federalist1820
[[File:Shulze.jpg75px]]Democratic-Republican Party (United States)}};"John Andrew Shulze
(1775–1852)
–
December 15, 1829
(did not run)Democratic-
Republican1823
Jacksonian Party (United States)}};"Jacksonian1826
[[File:George Wolf.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George Wolf
(1777–1840)
–
December 15, 1835
(lost election)Democratic1829
1832
[[File:Joseph Ritner-Governor of Pennsylvania.JPG75px]]Anti-Masonic Party (United States)}};"Joseph Ritner
(1780–1869)
–
January 15, 1839
(lost election)Anti-Masonic1835
[[File:DavidRittenhousePorter.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"David R. Porter
(1788–1867)
–
January 21, 1845
(term-limited)Democratic1838
1841
[[File:Francis R. Shunk Governor of Pennsylvania.tif75px]]Francis R. Shunk
(1788–1848)
–
July 9, 1848
(resigned)Democratic1844
1847
[[File:W F Johnston (cropped).jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"William F. Johnston
(1808–1872)
–
January 20, 1852
(lost election)WhigSpeaker of
the Senate
acting
1848
[[File:William Bigler (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William Bigler
(1814–1880)
–
January 16, 1855
(lost election)Democratic1851
[[File:James Pollock Pennsylvania Governor.jpg75px]]Whig Party (United States)}};"James Pollock
(1810–1890)
–
January 19, 1858
(did not run)Whig1854
[[File:WilliamPacker.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"William F. Packer
(1807–1870)
–
January 15, 1861
(did not run)Democratic1857
[[File:Andrew Curtin2 (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Andrew Gregg Curtin
(1815–1894)
–
January 15, 1867
(term-limited)Republican1860
1863
[[File:Gen. J.W. Geary Crop.jpg75px]]John W. Geary
(1819–1873)
–
January 21, 1873
(term-limited)Republican1866
1869
[[File:JohnFHartranft.jpg75px]]John F. Hartranft
(1830–1889)
–
January 21, 1879
(term-limited)Republican1872
1875Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Henry M. Hoyt - Brady-Handy.jpg75px]]Henry M. Hoyt
(1830–1892)
–
January 16, 1883
(term-limited)Republican1878
[[File:RobertEPattison.png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Robert E. Pattison
(1850–1904)
–
January 18, 1887
(term-limited)Democratic1882Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:J A Beaver.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"James A. Beaver
(1837–1914)
–
January 20, 1891
(term-limited)Republican1886Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:RobertEPattison.png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Robert E. Pattison
(1850–1904)
–
January 15, 1895
(term-limited)Democratic1890Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Old time notes of Pennsylvania; a connected and chronological record of the commercial, industrial and educational advancement of Pennsylvania, and the inner history of all political movements since (14579858397).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Daniel H. Hastings
(1849–1903)
–
January 17, 1899
(term-limited)Republican1894Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:William Alexis Stone.jpg75px]]William A. Stone
(1846–1920)
–
January 20, 1903
(term-limited)Republican1898
[[File:Portrait of Samuel W. Pennypacker.jpg75px]]Samuel W. Pennypacker
(1843–1916)
–
January 15, 1907
(term-limited)Republican1902
[[File:Edwin S Stuart 1909.jpg75px]]Edwin Sydney Stuart
(1853–1937)
–
January 17, 1911
(term-limited)Republican1906
[[File:JohnKTener.jpg75px]]John K. Tener
(1863–1946)
–
January 19, 1915
(term-limited)Republican1910
[[File:MartinGBrumbaugh.jpg75px]]Martin Grove Brumbaugh
(1862–1930)
–
January 21, 1919
(term-limited)Republican1914
[[File:William Cameron Sproul.jpg75px]]William Cameron Sproul
(1870–1928)
–
January 16, 1923
(term-limited)Republican1918
[[File:Gifford Pinchot 3c03915u.jpg75px]]Gifford Pinchot
(1865–1946)
–
January 18, 1927
(term-limited)Republican1922
[[File:John Stuchell Fisher.jpg75px]]John Stuchell Fisher
(1867–1940)
–
January 20, 1931
(term-limited)Republican1926
[[File:Gifford Pinchot 3c03915u.jpg75px]]Gifford Pinchot
(1865–1946)
–
January 15, 1935
(term-limited)Republican1930
[[File:GeorgeHEarle.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George Howard Earle III
(1890–1974)
–
January 17, 1939
(term-limited)Democratic1934Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:Arthur H. James (Pennsylvania governor).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Arthur James
(1883–1973)
–
January 19, 1943
(term-limited)Republican1938Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:MARTIN, EDWARD. SENATOR LCCN2016862812 (cropped).jpg75px]]Edward Martin
(1879–1967)
–
January 2, 1947
(resigned)Republican1942
[[File:John C. Bell Jr. (Pennsylvania governor).jpg75px]]John C. Bell Jr.
(1892–1974)
–
January 21, 1947
(successor took office)RepublicanSucceeded from
lieutenant
governorVacant
[[File:James Henderson Duff.jpg75px]]James H. Duff
(1883–1969)
–
January 16, 1951
(term-limited)Republican1946Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:John S. Fine (PA).jpg75px]]John S. Fine
(1893–1978)
–
January 18, 1955
(term-limited)Republican1950
[[File:George M. Leader (Pennsylvania governor) (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"George M. Leader
(1918–2013)
–
January 20, 1959
(term-limited)Democratic1954Democratic Party (United States)}};"
[[File:David L. Lawrence (Pennsylvania governor).jpg75px]]David L. Lawrence
(1889–1966)
–
January 15, 1963
(term-limited)Democratic1958
[[File:William Scranton (PA).png75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"William Scranton
(1917–2013)
–
January 17, 1967
(term-limited)Republican1962Republican Party (United States)}};"
[[File:GovShaferMay67 N2.tif75px]]Raymond P. Shafer
(1917–2006)
–
January 19, 1971
(term-limited)Republican1966
[[File:Milton Shapp (1976).png75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Milton Shapp
(1912–1994)
–
January 16, 1979
(term-limited)Democratic1970Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1974
[[File:Dick Thornburgh (PA).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Dick Thornburgh
(1932–2020)
–
January 20, 1987
(term-limited)Republican1978Republican Party (United States)}};"
1982
[[File:Bob Casey 1986 Color Correction.jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Bob Casey Sr.
(1932–2000)
–
January 17, 1995
(term-limited)Democratic1986Democratic Party (United States)}};"
1990
[[File:Tom Ridge (cropped).jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Tom Ridge
(b. 1945)
–
October 5, 2001
(resigned)Republican1994Republican Party (United States)}};"
1998
[[File:Mark S Schweiker 2001.jpg75px]]Mark Schweiker
(b. 1953)
–
January 21, 2003
(did not run)RepublicanSucceeded from
lieutenant
governor
[[File:Ed Rendell ID2004 crop (cropped).JPG75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Ed Rendell
(b. 1944)
–
January 18, 2011
(term-limited)Democratic2002Democratic Party (United States)}};"
(died November 12, 2008)
2006
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(acting)
[[File:Governor Corbett cropped portrait May 2014.jpg75px]]Republican Party (United States)}};"Tom Corbett
(b. 1949)
–
January 20, 2015
(lost election)Republican2010
[[File:Tom Wolf governor portrait 2019 (cropped).jpg75px]]Democratic Party (United States)}};"Tom Wolf
(b. 1948)
–
January 17, 2023
(term-limited)Democratic2014Democratic Party (United States)}};"
2018
(resigned January 3, 2023)
Republican Party (United States)}};"
(acting)
[[File:Gov. Shapiro.jpg75px]]Josh Shapiro
(b. 1973)
–
IncumbentDemocratic2022Democratic Party (United States)}};"

Timeline

Notes

References

;General

; Specific

References

  1. (June 25, 2013). "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments.
  2. PA Constitution article IV, § 7
  3. PA Constitution article IV, § 15
  4. PA Constitution article IV, § 12
  5. PA Constitution article IV, § 9
  6. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania; December 12, 1787". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
  7. 1776 Constitution § 3
  8. 1776 Constitution § 19
  9. (January 15, 2019). "Thomas Wharton". [[National Governors Association]].
  10. Smull, William P.. (1885). "Smull's Legislative Hand Book and Manual of the State of Pennsylvania".
  11. (January 15, 2019). "George Bryan". [[National Governors Association]].
  12. (January 15, 2019). "Joseph Reed". [[National Governors Association]].
  13. "1776 Pa. Const. § 19".
  14. (January 15, 2019). "William Moore". [[National Governors Association]].
  15. (January 15, 2019). "John Dickinson". [[National Governors Association]].
  16. (January 15, 2019). "Benjamin Franklin". [[National Governors Association]].
  17. (January 15, 2019). "Thomas Mifflin". [[National Governors Association]].
  18. 1790 Constitution article II, § 1
  19. 1790 Constitution article IV, § 3
  20. 1838 Constitution article II, § 3
  21. 1874 Constitution article IV, § 3
  22. PA Constitution article IV, § 3
  23. PA Constitution article IV, § 13
  24. PA Constitution article IV, § 14
  25. "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers.
  26. (1790-12-24). "A Proclamation". Dunlap and Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser.
  27. "1790 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3".
  28. Lampi, Philip. "Pennsylvania 1790 Governor". Tufts University.
  29. (January 15, 2019). "Thomas McKean". [[National Governors Association]].
  30. (1799-12-31). "A Proclamation". The Gleaner.
  31. (January 15, 2019). "Simon Snyder". [[National Governors Association]].
  32. (1808-12-27). "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer.
  33. (January 15, 2019). "William Findlay". [[National Governors Association]].
  34. (1817-12-20). "A Proclamation". Lancaster Intelligencer.
  35. (January 15, 2019). "Joseph Hiester". [[National Governors Association]].
  36. (1820-12-21). "Inauguration of the Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  37. (January 15, 2019). "John Andrew Shulze". [[National Governors Association]].
  38. (1823-12-23). "Pennsylvania Legislature". York Gazette.
  39. (January 15, 2019). "George Wolf". [[National Governors Association]].
  40. (1829-12-22). "Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Legislature". Pennsylvania Republican.
  41. (January 15, 2019). "Joseph Ritner". [[National Governors Association]].
  42. (1835-12-17). "none". The Lancaster Examiner.
  43. (January 15, 2019). "David Rittenhouse Porter". [[National Governors Association]].
  44. (1839-01-17). "Correspondence of the National Gazette". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  45. "1838 Pa. Const. art. II, § 3".
  46. (January 15, 2019). "Francis Rawn Shunk". [[National Governors Association]].
  47. (1845-01-27). "The Inauguration of Gov. Shunk". The Chambersburg Times.
  48. (January 15, 2019). "William Freame Johnston". [[National Governors Association]].
  49. (1848-07-12). "none". The Lancaster Examiner.
  50. (1848-07-19). "From Harrisburg". Public Ledger.
  51. (1848-07-27). "Governor Johnston Sworn into Office". Public Ledger.
  52. (January 15, 2019). "William Bigler". [[National Governors Association]].
  53. (1852-01-24). "Inauguration of Gov. Bigler". Sunbury American.
  54. (January 15, 2019). "James Pollock". [[National Governors Association]].
  55. (1855-01-17). "The Inauguration of Hon. James Pollock". Carlisle Weekly Herald.
  56. (January 15, 2019). "William Fisher Packer". [[National Governors Association]].
  57. (1858-01-22). "Packer inaugurated January 19". Pittsburgh Daily Post.
  58. (January 15, 2019). "Andrew Gregg Curtin". [[National Governors Association]].
  59. (1861-01-16). "Inauguration of Gov. Curtin". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  60. (January 15, 2019). "John White Geary". [[National Governors Association]].
  61. (1867-01-16). "The Inauguration of General Geary as Governor". Pittsburgh Weekly Gazette.
  62. (January 15, 2019). "John Frederick Hartranft". [[National Governors Association]].
  63. (1873-01-22). "Inauguration of Gen. Hartranft". Reading Times.
  64. "1874 Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3".
  65. (January 15, 2019). "Henry Martyn Hoyt". [[National Governors Association]].
  66. (1879-01-22). "Governor Hoyt". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  67. (January 15, 2019). "Robert Emory Pattison". [[National Governors Association]].
  68. (1883-01-17). "The Inauguration". Intelligencer Journal.
  69. (January 15, 2019). "James Addams Beaver". [[National Governors Association]].
  70. (1887-01-18). "Inauguration Day". Lancaster New Era.
  71. (1891-01-20). "Governor Pattison". The York Dispatch.
  72. (January 15, 2019). "Daniel Hartman Hastings". [[National Governors Association]].
  73. (1895-01-15). "Is Now Governor Hastings". Lebanon Daily News.
  74. (January 15, 2019). "William Alexis Stone". [[National Governors Association]].
  75. (1899-01-17). "Inauguration of Governor Stone". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader.
  76. (January 15, 2019). "Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker". [[National Governors Association]].
  77. (1903-01-20). "Pennypacker Takes Oath As Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader.
  78. (January 15, 2019). "Edwin Sydney Stuart". [[National Governors Association]].
  79. (1907-01-15). "Edwin S. Stuart Inaugurated Governor To-Day at Harrisburg". Wilkes-Barre Times.
  80. (January 15, 2019). "John Kinley Tener". [[National Governors Association]].
  81. (1911-01-17). "John K. Tener Now Governor". Warren Times Mirror.
  82. (January 15, 2019). "Martin Grove Brumbaugh". [[National Governors Association]].
  83. (1915-01-19). "Governor Brumbaugh Takes Oath Amid Great Throngs". Harrisburg Telegraph.
  84. (January 15, 2019). "William Cameron Sproul". [[National Governors Association]].
  85. (1919-01-21). "William C. Sproul Took Oath as Governor of State at Noon Today". Republican and Herald.
  86. (January 15, 2019). "Gifford Pinchot". [[National Governors Association]].
  87. (1923-01-16). "Pinchot Is Sworn In As Governor of Pennsylvania; Will Do His Utmost to Enforce Prohibition in State". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader.
  88. (January 15, 2019). "John Stuchell Fisher". [[National Governors Association]].
  89. Williams, Thomas E.. (1927-01-18). "Fisher Assumes Office As Governor of State; Urges Separate Bureau for Anthracite Mines". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader.
  90. (1931-01-20). "Pinchot Hits Utilities". Harrisburg Telegraph.
  91. (January 15, 2019). "George Howard Earle". [[National Governors Association]].
  92. (1935-01-16). "Earle, Taking Oath As Governor, Flays Lobbyists and Wall Street". The Times Leader.
  93. (January 15, 2019). "Arthur Horace James". [[National Governors Association]].
  94. (1939-01-17). "James Sworn In As Governor". Shamokin News-Dispatch.
  95. (January 15, 2019). "Edward Martin". [[National Governors Association]].
  96. (1943-01-19). "Indoor Ceremonial Marks Inaugural of Martin as Governor". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, the Evening News.
  97. (January 15, 2019). "John Cromwell Bell". [[National Governors Association]].
  98. Matthews, Frank M.. (1947-01-03). "Bell Sworn, Martin Goes to Capital". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  99. (January 15, 2019). "James Henderson Duff". [[National Governors Association]].
  100. (1947-01-21). "Duff Pledges Full Support for Industrial Peace Plan". Centre Daily Times.
  101. (January 15, 2019). "John Sydney Fine". [[National Governors Association]].
  102. Miller, Joseph H.. (1951-01-17). "Fine Takes Oath; Pledges Policy of Pay-As-You-Go". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  103. (January 15, 2019). "George Michael Leader". [[National Governors Association]].
  104. (1955-01-19). "30,000 watch new governor assume office". The Times Leader.
  105. (January 15, 2019). "David Leo Lawrence". [[National Governors Association]].
  106. Holton, Bob. (1959-01-21). "Governor Asks Unity on Taxes". The Tribune.
  107. (January 15, 2019). "William W. Scranton". [[National Governors Association]].
  108. Miller, Joseph H.. (1963-01-16). "Scranton Takes Oath with Unity Plea; 250,000 Roar Tribute to Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  109. (January 15, 2019). "Raymond Philip Shafer". [[National Governors Association]].
  110. Miller, Joseph H.. (1967-01-18). "Shafer Pledges 'Regime of Vision;' Noise and Color Mark Inauguration". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  111. (January 15, 2019). "Milton Jerrold Shapp". [[National Governors Association]].
  112. Harris, Gene. (1971-01-20). "Shapp Takes Oath As Governor, Vows End to State Crisis". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  113. "Pa. Const. art. IV, § 3". Justia Law.
  114. (January 15, 2019). "Dick Thornburgh". [[National Governors Association]].
  115. Dvorchak, Bob. (1979-01-17). "Thornburgh Pledges to Fulfill 'The Spirit of Pennsylvania'". The Times Leader.
  116. (January 15, 2019). "Robert P. Casey". [[National Governors Association]].
  117. Stoffer, Harry. (1987-01-21). "Casey Pleads for Unity". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  118. Reeves, Tim. (1993-12-22). "Governor Returns to Office with Moving Speech, Plans for '94". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  119. (January 15, 2019). "Tom Ridge". [[National Governors Association]].
  120. (1995-01-18). "Ridge Sworn In As 43d Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  121. (January 15, 2019). "Mark Schweiker". [[National Governors Association]].
  122. (2001-10-06). "Schweiker Sworn In As Pa. Governor". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  123. (January 15, 2019). "Edward G. Rendell". [[National Governors Association]].
  124. Worden, Amy. (2003-01-22). "New Governor Asks Pa. To Face 'Short-Term Pain'". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  125. (January 15, 2019). "Tom Corbett". [[National Governors Association]].
  126. Jackson, Peter. (2011-01-19). "Corbett Takes Oath As New Pa. Governor". Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era.
  127. (January 15, 2019). "Tom Wolf". [[National Governors Association]].
  128. (2015-01-21). "All Together: Wolf Takes Oath As Governor with Calls for Unity". The Morning Call.
  129. "Josh Shapiro". [[National Governors Association]].
  130. (2023-01-18). "Shapiro Takes Oath of Office to Become Governor". Citizens' Voice.
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