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List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

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This is a list of Atlantic hurricane seasons, which covers the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic Ocean. Historical records of hurricane seasons date back to the 1800s, and these hurricanes and tropical storms can affect Central America, the United States, and Canada. The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, and this period is when most tropical activity occurs, with the peak occurring in September. Although storms can form outside of these months as well.

1494–1850 (pre-HURDAT era)

PeriodSeasonsIndividual years
Pre-19th centuryPre-17th century (pre 1600), 17th century (1600s), 18th century (1700s)1780
1800–18501800–1809, 1810–1819, 1820–1829, 1830–1839, 1840–18491842, 1850.

1851–1899 (within HURDAT data)

1850s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
185163136.2424"San Agapito""San Agapito"First Atlantic hurricane season to be included in the HURDAT.
185255173.28100+"Great Mobile""Great Mobile"One of three seasons in which all known cyclones became hurricanes.
185384276.4940ThreeEarliest known Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale.
185453131.0030+"South Carolina""South Carolina"
185554118.12Unknown"Middle Gulf Shore""Middle Gulf Shore"
185664248.94200+"Last Island""Southeastern States"
"Last Island"
185743046.84424SS *Central America* Disaster
FourSS *Central America* Disaster
185866044.79NoneThree
SixHurricane ThreeOne of three seasons in which all known cyclones became hurricanes.
185987155.73NumerousSixHurricane Five
Hurricane Six
Hurricane Eight

1860s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
186076162.0660+OneHurricane One
186186049.7122+One
Three"Key West"
"Expedition"
186263046.033Two
Three
186395050.3590"Amanda""Amanda"
186453026.55NoneOne
Three
Five
186573049.13326Four
SevenHurricane Four
186676183.65383"Nassau""Nassau"
186797159.97811"San Narciso""San Narciso"
186843034.652One
Two
Four
1869107151.0238New England GaleNew England Gale
Saxby Gale

1870s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
18701110287.802,052Four"First Key West"
"Second Key West"
187186288.3930Three
"Santa Juana"Hurricane Three
"Santa Juana"
187254065.38UnknownTwo
187353269.47626"Central Florida""Central Florida"
187474047.05UnknownSeven
187565172.48800"Indianola""Indianola"
187654256.0519"San Felipe""San Felipe"
"Cuba-South Florida"
187783173.3634"Florida Panhandle""Florida Panhandle"
187812102180.85108SevenGale of 1878First known above-average season (in modern-day terms)
187986263.6347"Louisiana""Great Beaufort"
"Louisiana"

1880s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
18801192131.08133EightHurricane Two
188174059.25700"Georgia""Georgia"
188264259.476"Cuba""Pensacola"
"Cuba"
188343266.70236Two"Bahamas-North Carolina"
188444172.068Two
188586058.3025Two
188612104166.17200+"Indianola""Indianola"
"Cuba"
"Texas-Louisiana"author=Hurricane Research Divisionyear=2008title=Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2007publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationaccess-date=March 21, 2008url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/ushurrlist18512007.txt}}
188719112181.262SevenRecord five off-season storms.
188896284.95924"San Gil""Louisiana"
"San Gil"
1889960104.0440Six

1890s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
189042133.3514Three
18911071116.11700+"Martinique""Martinique"
1892950115.8416Three
Five
Seven
189312105231.154,028"Cheniere Caminada""San Roque"
"New York"
"Sea Islands"
"Charleston"
"Cheniere Caminada"Two hurricanes caused more than 2,000 deaths in the United States.
Four simultaneous hurricanes on August 22, one of two times on record.
1894754135.42200+Six"Florida Panhandle"
189562068.7756Two
1896762136.08286"Cedar Keys""San Ramón"
"Cedar Keys"
189763054.54262One
18981151113.24562"Georgia""Georgia"
18991052151.034,167"San Ciríaco""San Ciríaco"The San Ciríaco hurricane was the longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane on record

1900s

NOTE: In the following tables, all estimates of damage costs are expressed in contemporaneous US dollars (USD).

1900s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
190073283.358,000+$35.4M"Galveston""Galveston"The Galveston hurricane was the deadliest disaster in the United States.
1901136098.9835-40$1MSeven"Louisiana"
190253032.655UnknownFour
19031071102.07222$18.5M"Jamaica""Jamaica"
"Florida"
"New Jersey"
190464030.35112$2.5MTwoOne
190551128.388UnknownFour
19061163162.88381$25.4MFour"Mississippi"
"Florida Keys"
190750013.06NoneUnknownOneOne of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes, the other being 1914.
1908106195.1137UnknownSixIncludes the only known March tropical cyclone in the basin.
1909126493.344,673$77.3M"Grand Isle""Velasco"
"Monterrey"
"Grand Isle"
"Florida Keys"
"Greater Antilles"

1910s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
191053163.90100$1.25M"Cuba""Cuba"
191163034.2927$3MThree
191274157.26116$1.6M"Jamaica""Jamaica"
191364035.605$4MFour
19141002.530UnknownOneLeast active season on record.
One of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes, along with 1907.
1915653130.10675$63M"New Orleans""Galveston"
"New Orleans"Two Category 4 hurricanes made landfall in the United States.
191615105144.0131$5.9M"Texas""Gulf Coast"
"Charleston"
"Texas"
191742260.6776$170,000"Nueva Gerona""Nueva Gerona"
191864139.8755$5M"Louisiana""Louisiana"
191952155.04828$22M"Florida Keys""Florida Keys"

1920s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
192054029.811$1.5M"Louisiana""Louisiana"
192175286.536$36.5M"Tampa Bay""San Pedro"
"Tampa Bay"
192253154.52105$2.3MTwo
192394149.3115$1.3MFive
19241152100.19179Unknown"Cuba""Cuba"First official Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.
19254107.2559+$19.9MOne"Florida"
19261186229.561,448$247.4M"Miami""Nassau"
"Nova Scotia"
"Louisiana"
"Miami"
"Havana–Bermuda"
192784156.48184Unknown"Nova Scotia""Nova Scotia"
192864183.484,289$102M"Okeechobee""Okeechobee"Least active season that featured a category 5 hurricane, tied with 1977.
192953148.0762$10.0M"Bahamas""Bahamas"

1930s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
193032249.778,000$50M"San Zenón""San Zenón"The San Zenón hurricane was the fifth deadliest on record.
Second least active season in terms of tropical storms.
1931133147.842,502$7.5M"British Honduras""British Honduras"
19321564169.663,315$37M"Cuba""Freeport"
"Bahamas"
"San Ciprián"
"Cuba"Only season with a Category 5 hurricane in November, which was the longest lasting category 5, at 3.6 days.
193320116258.57651$86.6M"Tampico""Chesapeake–Potomac"
"Cuba–Brownsville"
"Treasure Coast"
"Outer Banks"
"Tampico"Fourth most active season on record.
1934137179.072,017$4.26MThirteen
1935853106.212,604$12.5M"Labor Day""Labor Day"
"Cuba"Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricane known to date ("Labor Day").
1936177199.785$1.23M"Mid-Atlantic"
1937114165.850UnknownSix
193894277.58~700$290.3M"New England""New England"Earliest-starting season on record (January 3).
193963143.685UnknownFive

1940s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
194096067.79101$4.7M"New England""South Carolina"
194164351.7763$10M"Nicaragua""Texas"
"Nicaragua"
"Florida"
1942114162.4917$30.6M"Matagorda""Matagorda"
1943105294.0119$17.2MThree"Surprise"First year of hurricane hunters.
19441483104.451,153$202M"Great Atlantic""Great Atlantic"
"Cuba–Florida"Great Atlantic hurricane was the only Category 5 of the entire decade
1945115263.4280$80M"Homestead""Texas"
"Homestead"
194673019.615$5.2MFour"Florida"
1947105288.4994$145.3M"Fort Lauderdale""Fort Lauderdale" (George)
"Cape Sable" (King)title=They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclonesurl=ftp://ftp.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/pub/dorst/Mahina.pptxauthor=Dorst, Nealpage=Slides 49–51date=October 23, 2012server=Hurricane Research Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratoryformat=PPTX}}
1948106494.9894$30.9M"Florida"
"Bermuda-Newfoundland""Florida" (Easy)
"Miami" (Fox)
1949167396.453$58.2M"Florida""Florida"
"Texas"

1950s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormRetired namesNotesTotal12868291096.384,161$2.54bnJanet8 names
195016116211.2820$37MDogNoneFirst year of external Atlantic tropical cyclone naming
19511283126.33257$80MEasyNone
1952115269.08607$3.75MFoxNoneIncludes the only known February tropical cyclone in the basin.
1953147398.511$6MCarolNoneFirst year of female names for storms.
One of only 4 seasons to have both a preseason and postseason storm.
19541673110.881,069$752MHazelCarol
Edna
HazelIncludes Alice, one of two storms in the basin to span two calendar years.
19551394158.171,518$1.2bnJanetConnie
Diane
Ione
Janet
1956124156.6776$67.8MBetsyNone
195783278.66513$152.5MCarrieAudreyFirst of only three seasons to feature a major hurricane in June.
19581273109.6941$12MHeleneNone
1959147277.1159$23.3MGracieNone

1960s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired
namesNotesTotal11664231124.099,933$5.82bnCamille11 names
196084272.90455$442.34MDonnaDonna
19611285188.89345$392MHattieCarla
HattieTwo Category 5 hurricanes.
Lowest number of named storms for an extremely active season.
196274050.4539$4.88MEllaNone
19631073112.097,225$589MFloraFloraFlora was the sixth-deadliest hurricane on record.
19641375153.04261$605MCleoCleo
Dora
Hilda
1965104186.7476$1.45bnBetsyBetsyBetsy became the first Atlantic tropical cyclone to inflict at least $1 billion USD in damages.
19661573138.681,094$410MInezInezSecond of only three seasons to feature a major hurricane in June.
19671561125.4364$217MBeulahBeulahFirst hurricane season in the modern satellite era.
Features the highest number of tropical depressions in a season at the time.
196885046.6010$10MGladysNoneThere was one subtropical storm with Category 1 hurricane strength.
196918123149.25364$1.7bnCamilleCamilleTied for the third most hurricanes in a season on record.

1970s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired
namesNotesTotal99511665710,830+$9.31bnDavid9 names
1970147266.6371$454MCeliaCeliaFirst season of a 24-year period of decreased activity in the Atlantic (-AMO)
Current extent of the reanalysis project
1971136196.5345$213MEdithNoneIncludes first documented hurricane to cross Central America, Irene.
197273035.61122$2.1bnBettyAgnesIncludes three subtropical storms.
197384147.8515$18MEllenNone
1974114268.138,260+$1.97bnCarmenCarmen
FifiIncludes four subtropical storms.
Fifi was the third-deadliest hurricane on record.
197596376.0680$100MGladysEloise
1976106284.1772$100MBelleNoneIncludes two subtropical storms.
197765125.3210$10MAnitaAnitaFeatures the strongest Atlantic hurricane to strike Mexico.
1978125263.2237$45MGretaGretaIncludes one off-season subtropical storm.
197996292.922,118$4.3bnDavidDavid
FredericFirst year for alternating male/female names.
Includes one subtropical storm of Category 1 strength.

1980s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired
namesNotesTotal148935217778.711,447$26.2bnGilbert7 names
1980181192148.94256$1bnAllenAllenIncludes the storm with the highest sustained winds attained so far in the Atlantic.
1981221273100.3810$45MHarveyNone
1982962131.50141$100MDebbyNone
1983743117.4022$2.6bnAliciaAliciaLeast active hurricane season in the satellite era, in terms of both named storms and ACE
198420135184.3035$66MDianaNoneLatest forming A-named storm on record.
198514117387.98241$4.5bnGloriaElena
GloriaHurricane Kate struck Florida on November 21, the latest United States hurricane landfall.
19861064035.7970$57MEarlNone
19871473134.3610$90MEmilyNone
1988191253102.99550$7bnGilbertGilbert
JoanIncluded the strongest hurricane on record until 2005
First hurricane since 1978 to cross Central America.
1989151172135.13112$10.7bnHugoHugoHugo held the record for costliest U.S. hurricane for 3 years until Andrew.

1990s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired
namesNotesTotal13311064251071.7514,440$62.7bnMitch15 names
199016148196.80116$150MGustavDiana
KlausNo tropical storms or hurricanes made landfall in the United States.
19911284235.5430$2.5bnClaudetteBobFeatured the Perfect Storm—a deliberately unnamed hurricane that made landfall in Atlantic Canada.
19921074176.2266$27bnAndrewAndrewHurricane Andrew was the costliest U.S. hurricane until 2005.
19931084138.67274$271MEmilyNoneNo storms were active in October.
19941273032.021,184$1.56bnFlorenceNoneLast season of a 24-year period of decreased activity in the Atlantic (-AMO).
19952119115227.10115$9.3bnOpalLuis
Marilyn
Opal
RoxanneTied for fifth most active season on record (with 1887, 2010, 2011 and 2012).
First season of an ongoing period of increased activity in the Atlantic (+AMO).
1996131396166.18179$3.8bnEdouardCesar
Fran
Hortense
1997983140.9311$110MErikaNoneLeast active August (0) and September (1) combined, tied with 1914.
19981414103181.7712,000+$12.2bnMitchGeorges
MitchFour simultaneous hurricanes on September 26, the first time since 1893.
Mitch was the deadliest hurricane in over 200 years.
1999161285176.53465$5.9bnFloydFloyd
LennyMost Category 4 hurricanes on record, later tied by 2005 and 2020.

2000s

NOTE: In the following tables, all estimates of damage costs are expressed in contemporaneous US dollars (USD).

2000s===

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired namesNotesTotal17315174361302.029,146$307.9bnWilma24 names
2000191583119.145105$1.3bnKeithKeithFeatures Hurricane Alberto—the longest-traveled hurricane in the Atlantic.
2001171594110.32153$11.4bnMichelleAllison
Iris
MichelleAllison was the first Atlantic tropical storm weaker than a hurricane to have its name retired.
200214124267.9950$2.5bnIsidoreIsidore
LiliGustav was the first Atlantic storm that was given a name out of the common six-year rotating lists while subtropical.
2003211673176.8493$6.3bnIsabelFabian
Isabel
JuanAna formed in April—one of two storms that was given a name to do so.
Includes 3 off-season storms.
2004161596226.883,260$61.2bnIvanCharley
Frances
Ivan
JeanneFeatured Ivan, the southernmost hurricane in the basin (9.5°N).
Features 4 hurricanes to make landfall in Florida; Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne (all of which were retired).
20053128157250.133,912$171.8bnWilmaDennis
Katrina
Rita
Stan
WilmaSecond-costliest hurricane season on record.
Second most active on record, most active in terms of hurricanes, major hurricanes (tied with 2020), and Category 5 hurricanes.
Most retired names.
The first year to use the Greek alphabet, later also used in 2020.
Includes 1 subtropical storm and 1 subtropical depression.
Emily was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.
200610105278.5414$504.4MGordon
HeleneNoneNo storms formed in October.
200717156273.89478$3.4bnDeanDean
Felix
NoelFirst season on record with two hurricanes landfalling at Category 5 intensity (Dean and Felix).
2008171685145.721,073$49.4bnIkeGustav
Ike
PalomaOnly year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November.
20091193252.589$58MBillNoneSecond-lowest number of hurricanes in the satellite era.

2010s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired namesNotesTotal16615572301220.865,413$474.1bnMaria16 names
20102119125165.48393$7.4bnIgorIgor
TomasFifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2011 and 2012).
2011201974126.30112$17.4bnOpheliaIreneFifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2010 and 2012).
20121919102132.63355$72.3bnSandySandyFifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2010 and 2011).
201315142036.1254$1.5bnHumbertoIngridFeatured one unnamed subtropical storm in December that is currently the most recent post-season tropical cyclone.
First season since 1994 with no major hurricanes, most recent of such.
2014986266.7321$371.6MGonzaloNoneFeatured the fewest tropical storms since 1997.
201512114262.6989$813.9MJoaquinErika
JoaquinErika was the second Atlantic tropical storm to have its name retired, following Tropical Storm Allison in 2001.
2016161574141.25736≥$17.5bnMatthewMatthew
OttoAlex became the first satellite-era January hurricane and the earliest storm of such, beating a 1978 subtropical storm.
20171817106224.873,364≥$294.7bnMariaHarvey
Irma
Maria
NateArlene formed in April—one of two storms that was given a name to do so.
Costliest tropical cyclone season on record, almost entirely due to Harvey, Irma, and Maria.
2018161582132.58172≥$50.5bnMichaelFlorence
MichaelIncludes seven storms that were subtropical at one point.
2019201863132.20118$11.6bnDorianDorianIncludes two subtropical storms.
Lorenzo was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.

2020s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
stormRetired
namesNotesTotal1201165225862.82≥1,532$398.5bnMelissa9 names
20203130147180.37432$54.3bnIotaLaura
Eta
IotaMost active season in terms of tropical depressions and named storms, second most active in terms of hurricanes.
Tied with 2005 for most recorded major hurricanes.
Second and final season after 2005 to use the Greek alphabet.
2021212174145.55198$80.8bnSamIdaThird most active season on record.
202216148294.6307$117.7bnFionaFiona
IanFirst season not to have above-average activity since 2015 and first with near normal activity since 2007.
First season since 1988 and 1996 with more than one Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricane (Bonnie and Julia).
2023212073148.219$4.2bnLeeNoneFourth most active season on record (tied with 1933), most active during an El Niño year.
Featured one unnamed subtropical storm in January.
Lee was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.
20241818115161.5442$131bnMiltonBeryl
Helene
MiltonFeatured Beryl, the earliest forming Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin, and the third of three June major hurricanes.
Featured Milton, tied with Rita of 2005 for the most intense hurricane on record in the Gulf of Mexico.
Featured Oscar, the smallest hurricane recorded in the Atlantic basin.
2025131354132.6134$10.5bnMelissaTBDSecond season on record to feature more than two Category 5 hurricanes.
First season since 2015 where no hurricanes made landfall in the United States.
202600000NoneNoneTBD

References

References

  1. Hurricane Research Division. (2008). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2007". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  2. Dorst, Neal. (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones".
  3. "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names".
  4. Knabb, Richard D. (March 17, 2006). ["Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Zeta"]({{NHC TCR url). National Hurricane Center.
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