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1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 36th U.S. Congress

House elections for the 36th U.S. Congress

FieldValue
election_name1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections
countryUnited States
flag_year1858
typeparliamentary
ongoingno
previous_election1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections
previous_year1856 & 1857
next_election1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
next_year1860 & 1861
outgoing_members35th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3
elected_members36th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3
seats_for_electionAll 238 seats in the United States House of Representatives
majority_seats120
election_dateJune 7, 1858 – December 1, 1859
image_sizex180px
party1Republican Party (US)
image1File:Sherman, John.jpg
leader1John Sherman
leaders_seat1
last_election190 seats
seats1113
seat_change123
popular_vote11,387,921
percentage136.59%
swing10.39
party2Democratic Party (US)
image2ThomasSBocock.png
leader2Thomas Bocock
leaders_seat2
last_election2132 seats
seats283
seat_change249
popular_vote21,823,106
percentage248.06%
swing21.21
party4Opposition Party (Southern U.S.)
last_election4new party
seats419
seat_change419
popular_vote4224,147
percentage45.91%
swing4New Party
party5Know Nothing
last_election514 seats
seats55
seat_change59
popular_vote5133,839
percentage53.53%
swing511.68
party7Independent
last_election71 seat
seats715
seat_change714
popular_vote7261,964
percentage76.91%
swing76.02
map_image[[File:1858 US house results.svg350px]]
map_captionResults
titleSpeaker
before_electionJames Orr
after_electionWilliam Pennington
before_partyDemocratic Party (US)
after_partyRepublican Party (US)

The 1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 7, 1858, and December 1, 1859. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 238 representatives were elected in the new state of Oregon, the pending new state of Kansas, and the other 32 states before the first session of the 36th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1859. They were held during President James Buchanan's term.

Winning a plurality for the first time, the Republicans benefited from multiple factors. These factors included the collapse of the nativist American Party, sectional strife in the Democratic Party, Northern voter dissatisfaction with the Supreme Court's March 1857 Dred Scott decision, political exposure of Democrats to chaotic violence in Kansas amid repeated attempts to impose slavery against the express will of a majority of its settlers, and a sharp decline in President Buchanan's popularity due to his perceived fecklessness. In Pennsylvania, his home state, Republicans made particularly large gains.

The pivotal Dred Scott decision was only the second time the Supreme Court had overturned an Act of Congress on Constitutional grounds, after Marbury v. Madison. The decision created apprehension in the Northern United States, where slavery had ceased to exist, that the Supreme Court would strike down any limitations on slavery anywhere in the United States with a ruling in Lemmon v. New York.

An inflammatory antislavery manifesto entitled The Impending Crisis of the South had attracted attention during the previous session of Congress. The book's author, Hinton Rowan Helper, attacked the planter class as a tyrannical oligarchy and called on poor white Southerners to overthrow them, "peacefully if we can, violently if we must." The Republicans financed a special edition of Helper's book for mass circulation which was endorsed by 68 Republican members of Congress, including the Republican House leader John Sherman. Following the elections, Republicans were the largest party in the House but lacked an overall majority and were forced to rely on Southern Oppositionists to organize the chamber. These Southerners refused to vote for Sherman to become Speaker of the United States House of Representatives due to his association with The Impending Crisis, resulting in the second-longest election in the history of the House of Representatives. Sherman eventually withdrew in favor of William Pennington, who was elected.

Republicans were united in opposing slavery in the territories and fugitive slave laws, while rejecting the abrogation of the Missouri Compromise, key aspects of the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision. Though not yet abolitionist, Republicans openly derived a primary partisan purpose from hostility to slavery while furnishing a mainstream platform for abolitionism. None of the party's views or positions was new. However, their catalytic cohesion into a unified political vehicle, and the bold dismissal of the South, represented a newly disruptive political force.

Democrats remained divided and politically trapped. Fifteen Democratic members publicly defied their party label. Of seven Independent Democrats, six represented Southern districts. Eight Northern anti-Lecompton Democrats favored a ban on slavery in Kansas, effectively upholding the Missouri Compromise their party had destroyed several years earlier. Democrats lacked credible leadership and continued to drift in a direction favorable to the interests of slavery despite obviously widening and intensifying Northern opposition to the expansion of those interests. A damaging public perception also existed that President Buchanan had improperly influenced and endorsed the Dred Scott decision, incorrectly believing that it had solved his main political problem. Such influence would violate the separation of powers. The wide gap between Democratic rhetoric and results alienated voters, while defeat in the North and intra-party defection combined to make the party both more Southern and more radical.

Democrats lost seats in some slave states as the disturbing turn of national events and surge in sectional tensions alarmed a significant minority of Southern voters. Southern politicians opposing both Democrats and extremism, but unwilling to affiliate with Republicans, ran on the Southern Opposition Party ticket (not to be conflated with the Opposition Party of 1854).

For 11 states, this was the last full congressional election until the Reconstruction. Twenty-nine elected members quit near the end of the session following their states' secession from the Union, whose immediate motivation was the result of the presidential election of 1860.

Election summaries

One seat each was added for the new states of Oregon and Kansas.

Democratic Party (US)}}"DemocraticKnow Nothing}}"KNOpposition Party (US)}}"Opp.Republican Party (US)}}"Republican
StateTypeDateTotal
seatsDemocraticKnow NothingOppositionRepublicanSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeOregon ArkansasMissouriVermontMaineFloridaSouth CarolinaIndianaIowaOhioPennsylvaniaDelawareIllinoisMassachusettsMichiganNew JerseyNew YorkWisconsinLate elections (after the March 4, 1859 beginning of the term)New HampshireConnecticutRhode IslandVirginiaAlabamaKentuckyTexasNorth CarolinaTennesseeCaliforniaGeorgiaMississippiMinnesotaLouisianaMarylandKansas Total23898
41.4%355
2.1%919
8.0%19116
48.5%26
At-largeJune 7, 1858111000
DistrictsAugust 2, 185822000
DistrictsAugust 2, 18587511011
DistrictsSeptember 7, 185830003
DistrictsSeptember 13, 185860006
At-largeOctober 4, 185811000
DistrictsOctober 10–11, 185866000
DistrictsOctober 12, 185811420072
DistrictsOctober 12, 185820002
DistrictsOctober 12, 1858216300153
DistrictsOctober 12, 185825510002010
At-largeNovember 2, 1858
(Election Day)11000
Districts95004
Districts1100011
Districts40004
Districts5210031
Districts337500265
Districts3110021
DistrictsMarch 8, 185930003
DistrictsApril 4, 18594020042
DistrictsApril 7, 185920002
DistrictsMay 26, 1859131210110
DistrictsAugust 1, 185977000
DistrictsAugust 1, 1859105302550
DistrictsAugust 1, 185922000
DistrictsAugust 4, 185984301440
DistrictsAugust 4, 1859103403770
At-largeSeptember 7, 185922000
DistrictsOctober 3, 18598602220
DistrictsOctober 3, 185955000
At-largeOctober 4, 18592020022
DistrictsNovember 7, 185943100
DistrictsNovember 8, 185963300
At-largeDecember 1, 1859100011

Maps

File:36th Congress Results by vote share.svg|District results by vote share

Special elections

There were special elections in 1858 and 1859 to the 35th United States Congress and 36th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

35th Congress

|- ! | Nathaniel P. Banks | | Republican | 1852 | | Incumbent resigned December 24, 1857 to become Governor of Massachusetts. New member elected in December 1857 or January 1858 and seated January 21, 1858. Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Daniel W. Gooch (Republican)

|- ! | Thomas L. Clingman | | Democratic | 1852 | | Incumbent resigned May 7, 1858 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected August 5, 1858 and seated December 7, 1858. Know Nothing gain. Winner later elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Zebulon Vance (Know Nothing) 57.02%
  • William W. Avery (Democratic) 42.98%

|- ! | John A. Quitman | | Democratic | 1855 | | Incumbent died July 17, 1858. New member elected October 4, 1858 and seated December 7, 1858. Democratic hold. Winner later elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John J. McRae (Democratic) 99.08%
  • Scattering 0.92%

|- ! | J. Glancy Jones | | Democratic | 1850 | | Incumbent resigned October 30, 1858. New member elected November 30, 1858 and seated December 7, 1858. Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William H. Keim (Republican) 51.98%
  • Joel B. Warner (Democratic) 48.02%

|- ! | Thomas L. Harris | | Democratic | 1854 | | Incumbent died November 24, 1858. New member elected January 4, 1859 and seated January 20, 1859. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Charles D. Hodges (Democratic) 61.31%
  • James C. Conkling (Republican) 38.69%

|- ! | John Kelly | | Democratic | 1854 | | Incumbent resigned December 25, 1858. New member elected January 4, 1859 and seated January 17, 1859. Independent Democratic gain. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Thomas J. Barr (Ind. Democratic) 96.89%
  • Scattering 3.11%

|}

36th Congress

|- ! | Cyrus Spink | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent died May 31, 1859. New member elected October 11, 1859 and seated December 5, 1859. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Harrison G. O. Blake (Republican) 56.17%
  • Neal Power (Democratic) 43.83%

|- ! | William Goode | | Democratic | 1853 | | Incumbent died May 31, 1859. New member elected October 27, 1859 and seated December 7, 1859. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Roger Pryor (Democratic)
  • Thomas F. Goode (Democratic)

|- ! | Thomas L. Harris | | Democratic | 1854 | | Incumbent died November 24, 1858. New member elected November 8, 1859 and seated December 5, 1859. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John A. McClernand (Democratic) 58.94%
  • John M. Palmer (Republican) 41.06%}}

|}

Alabama

|- ! | James A. Stallworth | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • James A. Stallworth (Democratic) 63.32%
  • F. B. Shepard (Opposition) 36.68%

|- ! | Eli S. Shorter | | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • James L. Pugh (Democratic)
  • J. E. Sappington (Opposition)
  • Incomplete Data

|- ! | James F. Dowdell | | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • David Clopton (Democratic) 50.79%
  • Thomas J. Judge (Opposition) 49.21%

|- ! | Sydenham Moore | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Sydenham Moore (Democratic)
  • William Russell Smith (Unknown)
  • Incomplete Data

|- ! | George S. Houston | | Democratic | 1841 1849 (retired) 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • George S. Houston (Democratic) 58.12%
  • William A. Hewlett (Independent Democrat) 41.88%

|- ! | Williamson R. W. Cobb | | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Williamson R. W. Cobb (Democratic) 54.98%
  • Alex Snodgrass (Democratic) 20.26%
  • Edwin Wallace (Democratic) 18.09%
  • Henry R. Beaver (Democratic) 6.68%

|- ! | Jabez L. M. Curry | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Jabez L. M. Curry (Democratic)
  • Unopposed |}

Arkansas

|- ! | Alfred B. Greenwood | | Democratic | 1853 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Thomas C. Hindman (Democratic) 86.48%
  • William Crosby (American) 13.52% |- ! | Albert Rust | | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |
  • Albert Rust (Democratic) 70.32%
  • Thomas S. Drew (Ind. Democratic) 15.10%
  • James A. Jones (American) 13.58% |}

California

Main article: 1859 United States House of Representatives election in California

California held its election September 7, 1859. From statehood to 1864, California's members were elected at-large, with the top finishers winning election.

|- ! rowspan=2 | 2 seats on a general ticket | Charles L. Scott | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected.

  • John C. Burch (Lecompton Democratic) 56.88%
  • Charles L. Scott (Lecompton Democratic) 55.89%
  • Joseph C. McKibbin (Anti-Lecompton Democratic; Republican) 43.01%
  • Edward D. Baker (Republican; Anti-Lecompton Democratic) 41%
  • S. A. Booker (Anti-Lecompton Democratic) 2.94%
  • P. H. Sibley (Republican) 0.29%}}

|- | Joseph C. McKibbin | | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic hold.

|}

Connecticut

|- ! | Ezra Clark Jr. | | 1855 | | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Dwight Loomis (Republican) 49.61%
  • Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.29%
  • Ezra Clark Jr. (Independent) 1.1%

|- ! | Samuel Arnold | | 1857 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • John Woodruff (Republican) 50.56%
  • Samuel Arnold (Democratic) 49.03%
  • Austin Baldwin (Unknown) 0.41%

|- ! | Sidney Dean | | 1855 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Alfred A. Burnham (Republican) 51.74%
  • Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 46.95%
  • Sidney Dean (Independent) 1.31%

|- ! | William D. Bishop | | 1857 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 51.27%
  • William D. Bishop (Democratic) 48.73%

|}

Delaware

|- ! | William G. Whiteley | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • William G. Whiteley (Democratic) 51.36%
  • William H. Morris (People's) 48.64%

|}

Florida

|- ! | George S. Hawkins | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • George S. Hawkins (Democratic) 62.43%
  • John Westcott (Ind. Democratic) 37.57%

|}

Georgia

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Illinois

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Indiana

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Iowa

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Kansas

|- ! | | New seat. New member elected December 1, 1859 in advance of January 29, 1861 statehood. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Martin F. Conway (Republican) 57.74%
  • John A. Halderman (Democratic) 42.26%

|}

Kansas Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky

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Louisiana

|- ! | George Eustis Jr. | | Know Nothing | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Know Nothing hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John Edward Bouligny (American) 49.55%
  • Emile La Sére (Democratic) 40.18%
  • Charles Bienvenu (Unknown) 10.27% |- ! | Miles Taylor | | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Miles Taylor (Democratic) 56.99%
  • L. D. Nichols (Know Nothing) 43.01% |- ! | Thomas G. Davidson | | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Thomas G. Davidson (Democratic) 89.25%
  • T. Cannon (American) 10.75% |- ! | John M. Sandidge | | Democratic | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John M. Landrum (Democratic) 74.42%
  • M. A. Jones (American) 25.58% |}

Maine

Elections held September 13, 1858. |- ! | John M. Wood | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* Daniel E. Somes (Republican) 50.57%

  • Ira T. Drew (Democratic) 48.36%
  • Manassah H. Smith (Democratic) 1.06%}} |- ! | Charles J. Gilman | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* John J. Perry (Republican) 54.53%
  • David B. Hastings (Democratic) 45.47%}} |- ! | Nehemiah Abbott | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* Ezra B. French (Republican) 50.18%
  • Alfred W. Johnson (Democratic) 49.82%}} |- ! | Freeman H. Morse | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* Freeman H. Morse (Republican) 60.15%
  • Asa Gile (Democratic) 39.85%}} |- ! | Israel Washburn Jr. | | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* Israel Washburn Jr. (Republican) 55.72%
  • James S. Wiley (Democratic) 44.28%}} |- ! | Stephen C. Foster | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |{{Plainlist|* Stephen C. Foster (Republican) 51.53%
  • Bion Bradbury (Democratic) 48.47%}} |}

Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

|- ! rowspan=2 | | | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • George B. Cooper (Democratic) 50.14%
  • William A. Howard (Republican) 49.86% |- | | Election successfully contested. Incumbent re-seated May 15, 1860. | nowrap | {{plainlist |
  • William A. Howard (Republican) 51.03%
  • George B. Cooper (Democratic) 48.97%

|- ! | Henry Waldron | | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Henry Waldron (Republican) 59.11%
  • Consider A. Stacy (Democratic) 40.89%

|- ! | David S. Walbridge | | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 55.73%
  • Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 44.27%

|- ! | Dewitt C. Leach | | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{plainlist |

  • Dewitt C. Leach (Republican) 51.97%
  • Robert W. Davis (Democratic) 48.03% |}

Minnesota

Main article: 1859 United States House of Representatives election in Minnesota

Minnesota became a new state in 1858 having already elected its first two members at-large in October 1857 to finish the current term. The state then held elections to the next term October 4, 1859.

|- ! rowspan=2 | 2 seats | James M. Cavanaugh | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.

  • Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) 55.08%
  • William Windom (Republican) 54.2%
  • James M. Cavanaugh (Democratic) 45.56%
  • Christopher C. Graham (Democratic) 45.16%

|- | William Wallace Phelps | | Democratic | 1857 | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Republican gain.

|}

Mississippi

Elections held late, on October 3, 1859.

|- ! | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Lucius Q. C. Lamar (Democratic) 100%

|- ! | Reuben Davis | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Reuben Davis (Democratic) 94.49%
  • G. Q. Martin (Opposition) 5.51%

|- ! | William Barksdale | | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | William Barksdale (Democratic) 100%

|- ! | Otho R. Singleton | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Otho R. Singleton (Democratic) 77.19%
  • Franklin Smith (Unionist Democratic) 22.81%

|- ! | John J. McRae | | Democratic | 1858 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | John J. McRae (Democratic) 100%

|}

Missouri

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Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

Main article: 1858 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Ohio elected its members October 12, 1858, netting a 3-seat Republican gain.

|- ! | George H. Pendleton | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 51.24%
  • Timothy C. Day (Opposition) 48.76%

|- ! | William S. Groesbeck | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John A. Gurley (Republican) 52.58%
  • William S. Groesbeck (Democratic) 47.42%

|- ! | Clement Vallandigham | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 50.48%
  • Lewis D. Campbell (Republican) 49.52%

|- ! | Matthias H. Nichols | | Republican | 1852 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William Allen (Democratic) 50.2%
  • Matthias H. Nichols (Republican) 49.8%

|- ! | Richard Mott | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • James M. Ashley (Republican) 51.16%
  • William Mungen (Democratic) 48.51%
  • William A. Hunter (Unknown) 0.34%

|- ! | Joseph R. Cockerill | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William Howard (Democratic) 51.58%
  • Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 45.82%
  • William R. Arthur (American) 2.61%

|- ! | Aaron Harlan | | Republican | 1852 | | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Thomas Corwin (Republican) 63.85%
  • Charles W. Blair (Democratic) 36.15%

|- ! | Benjamin Stanton | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Benjamin Stanton (Republican) 59.52%
  • William Hubbard (Democratic) 40.48%

|- ! | Lawrence W. Hall | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John Carey (Republican) 50.29%
  • Lawrence W. Hall (Democratic) 49.71%

|- ! | Joseph Miller | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Carey A. Trimble (Republican) 55.04%
  • Joseph Miller (Democratic) 45.96%

|- ! | Albert C. Thompson | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 50.72%
  • Nelson H. Van Vorhes (Republican) 49.28%

|- ! | Samuel S. Cox | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Samuel S. Cox (Republican) 51.75%
  • Lucius Case (Democratic) 48.25%

|- ! | John Sherman | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John Sherman (Republican) 57.05%
  • S. J. Patrick (Democratic) 42.95%

|- ! | Philemon Bliss | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. Successor died May 31, 1859, leading to a special election. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Cyrus Spink (Republican) 56.33%
  • J. P. Jeffries (Democratic) 43.67%

|- ! | Joseph Burns | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William Helmick (Republican) 50.65%
  • Joseph Burns (Democratic) 49.35%

|- ! | Cydnor B. Tompkins | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Cydnor B. Tompkins (Republican) 52.65%
  • George W. Manypenny (Democratic) 47.01%
  • Jonathan Swank (Independent) 0.34%

|- ! | William Lawrence | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 50.32%
  • Benjamin T. Sprigg (Democratic) 49.68%

|- ! | Benjamin F. Leiter | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Sidney Edgerton (Republican) 53.33%
  • J. L. Ranney (Democratic) 46.67%

|- ! | Edward Wade | | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Edward Wade (Republican) 64.57%
  • J. W. Gray (Democratic) 34.69%
  • Irad Kelly (Independent) 0.75%

|- ! | Joshua Reed Giddings | | Republican | 1843 | | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John Hutchins (Republican) 62.8%
  • David Tod (Democratic) 34.27%
  • B. W. Richmond (Independent) 2.69%
  • Josuha R. Giddings (Unknown) 0.24%

|- ! | John Bingham | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John Bingham (Republican) 57.46%
  • Thomas Means (Democratic) 42.54%

|}

Oregon

35th Congress

|- ! | | New seat. New member elected June 7, 1858. Democratic gain. Successor seated February 14, 1859. New member did not run for the next term. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • La Fayette Grover (Democratic)

|}

36th Congress

|- ! | | New seat. Democratic hold. New member did not run for the current term. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Lansing Stout (Democratic) 50.07%
  • David Logan (Republican) 49.93%

|}

Pennsylvania

|- ! | Thomas B. Florence | | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Thomas B. Florence (Democratic) 43.09%
  • John W. Ryan (People's) 41%
  • G. W. Nebinger (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 15.42%
  • Marshall Sprogell (Know Nothing) 0.48% |- ! | Edward Joy Morris | | {{Plainlist |
  • 1843
  • 1844 (retired)
  • 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Edward Joy Morris (People's) 58.38%
  • George H. Martin (Democratic) 41.62% |- ! | James Landy | | Democratic | 1850 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John P. Verree (People's) 54.24%
  • James Landy (Democratic) 45.35%
  • George W. Read (Know Nothing) 0.4% |- ! | Henry M. Phillips | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William Millward (People's) 59.25%
  • Henry M. Phillips (Democratic) 39.21%
  • Jacob Broom (Know Nothing) 1.54% |- ! | Owen Jones | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John Wood (People's) 57.37%
  • Owen Jones (Democratic) 42.63% |- ! | John Hickman | | Democratic |1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John Hickman (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 40.76%
  • Charles D. Manly (Democratic) 31.15%
  • John M. Broomall (People's) 28.09% |- ! | Henry Chapman | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Henry C. Longnecker (People's) 50.76%
  • Stokes L. Roberts (Democratic) 49.24% |- ! | J. Glancy Jones | | Democratic | {{Plainlist |
  • 1850
  • 1852 (retired)
  • 1854 (special) | |Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John Schwartz (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 50.07%
  • J. Glancy Jones (Democratic) 49.94% |- ! | Anthony E. Roberts | | Republican |1854 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Thaddeus Stevens (People's) 60%
  • James M. Hopkins (Democratic) 40% |- ! | John C. Kunkel | |1854 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John W. Killinger (People's) 61.46%
  • Jacob Weidle (Democratic) 38.54% |- ! | William L. Dewart | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • James H. Campbell (People's) 47.2%
  • William L. Dewart (Democratic) 28.95%
  • Joseph W. Cake (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 23.85% |- ! | Paul Leidy | | Democratic |1857 (special) | |Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • George W. Scranton (People's) 61.89%
  • John McReynolds (Democratic) 38.11% |- ! | William H. Dimmick | | Democratic |1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William H. Dimmick (Democratic) 54.95%
  • David K. Shoemaker (People's) 45.05% |- ! | Galusha A. Grow | |1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Galusha A. Grow (People's) 76.87%
  • Joel Parkhurst (Democratic) 23.13% |- ! | Allison White | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • James T. Hale (People's) 55.69%
  • Allison White (Democratic) 44.31% |- ! | John A. Ahl | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Benjamin F. Junkin (People's) 50.13%
  • Henry L. Fisher (Democratic) 49.87% |- ! | Wilson Reilly | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Edward McPherson (People's) 50.72%
  • Wilson Reilly (Democratic) 49.28% |- ! | John R. Edie | |1854 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Samuel S. Blair (People's) 57.71%
  • Cyrus L. Pershing (Democratic) 42.29% |- ! | John Covode | |1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John Covode (People's) 52.81%
  • Henry D. Foster (Democratic) 47.19% |- ! | William Montgomery | | Democratic |1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William Montgomery (Democratic) 61.5%
  • Jonathan Knight (People's) 38.5% |- ! | David Ritchie | | Republican |1852 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • James K. Moorhead (People's) 57.27%
  • Andrew Burke (Democratic) 42.73% |- ! | Samuel A. Purviance | | Republican |1854 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Robert McKnight (People's) 55.25%
  • Thomas Williams (Anti-Tax) 39.65%
  • John Birmingham (Democratic) 5.1% |- ! | William Stewart | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William Stewart (People's) 64.02%
  • Jonathan N. McGuffin (Democratic) 35.98% |- ! | James L. Gillis | | Democratic |1856 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Chapin Hall (People's) 52.42%
  • James L. Gillis (Democratic) 47.58% |- ! | John Dick | |1852 | |Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Elijah Babbitt (People's) 60.73%
  • James C. Crawford (Democratic) 39.27% |}

Rhode Island

|- ! | Nathan B. Durfee | | Republican | 1855 | | Incumbent retired. American/Republican gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • First round:
  • Christopher Robinson (American; Republican) 49.29%
  • Thomas Davis (Republican) 31.4%
  • Olney Arnold (Democratic) 19.31%
  • Runoff:
  • Christopher Robinson (American; Republican) 56.32%
  • Thomas Davis (Republican; Democratic) 43.68% |- ! | William D. Brayton | | Republican | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William D. Brayton (Republican) 63.93%
  • Alfred Anthony (Democratic) 36.07% |}

South Carolina

|- ! | John McQueen | | Democratic | 1849 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John McQueen (Democratic)
  • Incomplete Data |- ! | William P. Miles | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William P. Miles (Democratic)
  • James Gadsden (Unknown)
  • Incomplete Data |- ! | Laurence M. Keitt | | Democratic | 1853 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Laurence M. Keitt
  • Incomplete Data |- ! | Milledge L. Bonham | | Democratic | 1857 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Milledge L. Bonham (Democratic) 100.00% |- ! | James Lawrence Orr | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John D. Ashmore (Democratic) 59.4%
  • Thomas O. Vernon (Unknown) 40.6% |- ! | William W. Boyce | | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William W. Boyce (Democratic) 100.00%
  • Unopposed; incomplete data |}

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 4, 1859.

|- ! | Albert G. Watkins | | Democratic | 1855 | |Incumbent retired. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Thomas A. R. Nelson (Opposition) 50.19%
  • Landon C. Haynes (Democratic) 49.81%

|- ! | Horace Maynard | | Know Nothing | 1857 | |Incumbent re-elected as an Oppositionist. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Horace Maynard (Opposition) 55.01%
  • I. C. Ramsay (Democratic) 44.99%

|- ! | Samuel A. Smith | | Democratic | 1853 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Reese B. Brabson (Opposition) 53.39%
  • Samuel A. Smith (Democratic) 46.61%

|- ! | John H. Savage | | Democratic | 1855 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William B. Stokes (Opposition) 51.85%
  • John H. Savage (Democratic) 48.15%

|- ! | Charles Ready | | Know Nothing | 1853 | |Incumbent lost re-election as an independent. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Robert H. Hatton (Opposition) 53.48%
  • Charles Ready (Independent; Democratic) 46.52%

|- ! | George W. Jones | | Democratic | 1842 | |Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | {{Plainlist |

  • James H. Thomas (Democratic) 97.82%
  • William H. Polk (Unknown) 2.18%

|- ! | John V. Wright | | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John V. Wright (Democratic) 77.58%
  • Theodore H. Gibbs (Opposition) 22.42%

|- ! | Felix Zollicoffer | | Know Nothing | 1853 | |Incumbent retired. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • James M. Quarles (Opposition) 52.86%
  • Thomas Menees (Democratic) 47.14%

|- ! | John D. C. Atkins | | Democratic | 1857 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Emerson Etheridge (Opposition) 50.02%
  • John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 49.98%

|- ! | William T. Avery | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • William T. Avery (Democratic) 50.3%
  • John L. Sneed (Opposition) 47.71%
  • David M. Currin (Independent) 1.99%

|}

Texas

|- ! | John H. Reagan | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John H. Reagan (Democratic) 89.11%
  • William Beck Ochiltree (Independent) 10.89% |- ! | Guy M. Bryan | | Democratic | 1857 | |Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Andrew Jackson Hamilton (Ind. Democratic) 51.18%
  • Thomas Neville Waul (Democratic) 48.82% |}

Vermont

|- ! | E. P. Walton | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • E. P. Walton (Republican) 73.5%
  • Charles G. Eastman (Democratic) 26.0% |- ! | Justin S. Morrill | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 70.5%
  • Epaphro B. Chase (Democratic) 29.2% |- ! | Homer E. Royce | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Homer E. Royce (Republican) 69.3%
  • William H. H. Bingham (Democratic) 30.6% |}

Virginia

|- ! | Muscoe R. H. Garnett | | Democratic | 1856 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Muscoe R. H. Garnett (Democratic) 100% |- ! | John Millson | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John Millson (Democratic) 62.7%
  • [FNU] Pretlow (Opposition) 30.1%
  • [FNU] Chandler (Opposition) 5.2%
  • [FNU] Sykes (Opposition) 2.0% |- ! | John Caskie | | Democratic | 1851 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Daniel C. DeJarnette (Ind. Democratic) 50.5%
  • John Caskie (Democratic) 49.5%}} |- ! | William Goode | | Democratic | {{Plainlist |
  • 1841
  • 1843 (retired)
  • 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William Goode (Democratic) 63.8%
  • William C. Flournoy (Ind. Democratic) 36.2%}} |- ! | Thomas S. Bocock | | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Thomas S. Bocock (Democratic) 88.8%
  • [FNU] Speed (Unknown) 9.9%
  • [FNU] Boisseau (Unknown) 1.4%}} |- ! | Paulus Powell | | Democratic | 1849 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Shelton Leake (Ind. Democratic) 59.2%
  • Paulus Powell (Democratic) 40.8%}} |- ! | William Smith | | Democratic | {{Plainlist |
  • 1841 (special)
  • 1843 (lost)
  • 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • William Smith (Democratic) 49.4%
  • Henry Wirtz Thomas (Opposition) 46.5%
  • Henry Shackleford (Ind. Democratic) 4.2%}} |- ! | Charles J. Faulkner | | Democratic | 1851 | |Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Alexander Boteler (Opposition) 50.6%
  • Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) 49.4%}} |- ! | John Letcher | | Democratic | 1851 | |Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • John T. Harris (Ind. Democratic) 52.2%
  • James H. Skinner (Democratic) 47.8%}} |- ! | Sherrard Clemens | | Democratic | {{Plainlist |
  • 1852 (special)
  • 1852 (retired)
  • 1857}} | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Sherrard Clemens (Democratic) 61.1%
  • Ralph L. Berkshire (Opposition) 38.9%}} |- ! | Albert G. Jenkins | | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Albert G. Jenkins (Democratic) 55.6%
  • James M. Laidley (Opposition) 44.4%}} |- ! | Henry A. Edmundson | | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Henry A. Edmundson (Democratic) 94.1%
  • William B. Preston (Opposition) 5.0%
  • Allen T. Caperton (Democratic) 1.0%}} |- ! | George W. Hopkins | | Democratic | {{Plainlist |
  • 1835
  • 1847 (retired)
  • 1857}} | |Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
  • Elbert S. Martin (Ind. Democratic) 53.4%
  • Benjamin Rush Floyd (Democratic) 46.6%}} |}

Wisconsin

|- ! | John F. Potter | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • John F. Potter (Republican) 56.4%
  • Beriah Brown (Democratic) 43.6%

|- ! | Cadwallader C. Washburn | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican) 54.3%
  • Charles Dunn (Democratic) 45.7%

|- ! | Charles Billinghurst | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 51.0%
  • Charles Billinghurst (Republican) 49.0%

|}

Non-voting delegates

|- ! | Marcus J. Parrott | | Republican | 1856 or 1857 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. | nowrap | {{Plainlist|

  • Marcus J. Parrott (Republican)
  • Sanders W. Johnston (Democratic)

|- ! | Fenner Ferguson | | Independent Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected October 11, 1859. Democratic gain. Election was later overturned due to a successful challenge by Daily. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |

  • Experience Estabrook (Democratic)
  • Samuel Gordon Daily (Republican)

|}

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

  1. [http://mcimaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/36th-Congress.png Party Breakdown of the 36th House]
  2. "Electing the House of Representatives".
  3. {{USStat. 11. 383
  4. {{USStat. 12. 126
  5. {{USStat. 5. 721
  6. "Thirty-fifth Congress March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1859". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives.
  7. "Our Campaigns - NC District 08 - Special Election Race - Aug 05, 1858".
  8. "Our Campaigns - PA District 08 - Special Election Race - Nov 30, 1858".
  9. "Our Campaigns - NY District 4 - Special Election Race - Jan 04, 1859".
  10. "Thirty-sixth Congress March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives.
  11. "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page".
  12. (2010). "Guide to U.S. Elections". [[CQ Press]].
  13. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results".
  14. (1860). "A Political Text-Book for 1860". The Tribune Association.
  15. (1898). "History of the Republican Party in Ohio". the Lewis Publishing Company.
  16. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics".
  17. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics".
  18. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results". Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs.
  19. "The Man.". The Kansas Chief.
  20. "Collections of the NSHS - Volume 18".
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