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Unitary Democratic Coalition
| Field | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| logo | Logo of the Unitary Democratic Coalition.svg | |
| symbol | [[File:PCP-PEV.svgclass=skin-invert | 150px]] |
| colorcode | ||
| leader | Paulo Raimundo | |
| foundation | 1987 | |
| ideology | Communism | |
| Eco-socialism | ||
| Social conservatism | ||
| Hard Euroscepticism | ||
| position | Far-left | |
| headquarters | Rua Soeiro Pereira Gomes 3, 1600-019 Lisboa | |
| country | Portugal | |
| native_name | Coligação Democrática Unitária | |
| abbreviation | {{ublist | |
| predecessor | United People Alliance | |
| youth_wing | Juventude CDU | |
| membership | 48,323 in 2024 (PCP) | |
| c. 6,000 in 2007 (PEV) | ||
| europarl | The Left in the European Parliament | |
| colours | {{ublist | |
| blank1_title | Member parties | |
| blank1 | {{ublist | |
| seats1_title | Assembly of the Republic | |
| seats1 | ||
| seats2_title | European Parliament | |
| seats2 | ||
| seats3_title | Regional Parliaments | |
| seats3 | ||
| seats4_title | Local government | |
| (Mayors) | ||
| seats4 | ||
| seats5_title | Local government | |
| (Parishes) | ||
| seats5 | ||
| website | ||
| footnotes |
Eco-socialism Social conservatism Hard Euroscepticism | CDU | PCP–PEV c. 6,000 in 2007 (PEV) | Blue (official) | Red (customary) | Pea green | Green | PCP | PEV | ID (Mayors)](list-of-municipalities-of-portugal) (Parishes)](freguesia) The Unitary Democratic Coalition (, CDU) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist Party () and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" or PEV). The coalition also integrates the political movement Democratic Intervention ().
The coalition was formed in 1987 in order to run to the simultaneous legislative election and European Parliament election that were held on July 19 of that year. It achieved its best result in the 1987 elections both nationally and locally. From 1991 until 2019, the party consistently won between six and ten percent of the national vote in elections to the Assembly of the Republic until 2022 and 2024, in which the coalition dropped below 5% nationally for the first time. The coalition supported the minority Socialist Costa Government from 2015 until 2019 with a confidence and supply agreement.
History
Since the beginning of the coalition, the member parties have never participated separately in any election. The Communist Party is the major force of the coalition and has the majority of places in the electoral lists while the Greens are a smaller party. For example, the Greens were responsible for 2 members of parliament among the 17 elected by the coalition in the 2015 legislative election. Each party has its own parliamentary group and counts as a separate party in official issues.
Along with the Left Bloc, the coalition supported the minority Socialist Costa Government from 2015 until 2019 under a confidence and supply agreement. This was known as the "Geringonça" (Contraption) deal, a setup that Prime minister António Costa decided to end following the 2019 elections.
In the 2022 election, the CDU won six seats while the Greens achieved zero seats. In the 2024 election, the CDU won four seats and the Greens zero, with the coalition achieving just 3.3 percent of the votes. In 2024, the coalition lost their historic seat in the Beja district and for the first time lost all MPs in the Alentejo region.
Symbol
The present symbol of CDU shows the PCP's symbol and the PEV's symbol, a hammer and sickle and a sunflower, respectively, with the respective names below. That symbol replaced a former one that featured three hexagons with the inscription: CDU and was often used with a beehive. That was sometimes said to mean that CDU worked just like a bee (collectively and every day) and the hexagons were meant to represent the cell-based Leninist organization of the PCP. File:CDU Portugal 1987.png|Coalition logo in 1987. File:PCP-PEV.svg|Current logo of the coalition.
Youth organization
The coalition has a youth wing, called Juventude CDU, that develops political work in youth related subjects, along with youth-oriented activities, mainly during the electoral campaigns. The Juventude CDU is mainly composed by members of the youth wings of the parties that compose the CDU, the Portuguese Communist Youth and the Ecolojovem.
Election results
Assembly of the Republic
Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections ImageSize = width:600 height:200 PlotArea = width:538 height:170 left:40 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify
Colors = id:CDU value:red legend:CDU
DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:0
PlotData = bar:Seats color:claret width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S bar:1987 color:CDU from:start till:12.1 text:12.1 bar:1991 color:CDU from:start till:8.8 text:8.8 bar:1995 color:CDU from:start till:8.6 text:8.6 bar:1999 color:CDU from:start till:9.0 text:9.0 bar:2002 color:CDU from:start till:6.9 text:6.9 bar:2005 color:CDU from:start till:7.5 text:7.5 bar:2009 color:CDU from:start till:7.9 text:7.9 bar:2011 color:CDU from:start till:7.9 text:7.9 bar:2015 color:CDU from:start till:8.3 text:8.3 bar:2019 color:CDU from:start till:6.3 text:6.3 bar:2022 color:CDU from:start till:4.3 text:4.3 bar:2024 color:CDU from:start till:3.2 text:3.2 bar:2025 color:CDU from:start till:2.9 text:2.9
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2002 | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2015 | 2019 | 2022 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Álvaro Cunhal | 689,137 | 12.1 (#3) | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| 504,583 | 8.8 (#3) | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Carlos Carvalhas | 506,157 | 8.6 (#4) | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| 487,058 | 9.0 (#3) | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| 379,870 | 6.9 (#4) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Jerónimo de Sousa | 433,369 | 7.5 (#3) | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| 446,279 | 7.9 (#5) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 441,147 | 7.9 (#4) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 445,901 | 8.3 (#4) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| 332,018 | 6.3 (#4) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| 238,920 | 4.3 (#5) | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
| Paulo Raimundo | 205,551 | 3.2 (#6) | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| 183,686 | 2.9 (#6) | 1 |
Presidential
| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | 2021 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carlos Carvalhas | 635,867 | 12.9 (#3) | ||||||||||
| Jerónimo de Sousa | Withdrew | |||||||||||
| António Simões de Abreu | 221,886 | 5.1 (#3) | ||||||||||
| Jerónimo de Sousa | 466,428 | 8.6 (#4) | ||||||||||
| Francisco Lopes | 300,921 | 7.1 (#4) | ||||||||||
| Edgar Silva | 183,051 | 3.9 (#5) | ||||||||||
| João Ferreira | 180,518 | 4.3 (#4) | ||||||||||
| António Filipe | 92,644 | 1.6 (#7) |
European Parliament
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group | 1987 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ângelo Veloso | 648,700 | 11.5 (#4) | COM | ||||||||||||
| Carlos Carvalhas | 597,759 | 14.4 (#3) | 1 | EUL / G | |||||||||||
| Luis Manuel de Sá | 340,725 | 11.2 (#4) | 1 | GUE/NGL | |||||||||||
| Ilda Figueiredo | 357,671 | 10.3 (#3) | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 309,401 | 9.1 (#3) | 0 | |||||||||||||
| 379,787 | 10.6 (#4) | 0 | |||||||||||||
| João Ferreira | 416,925 | 12.7 (#3) | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 228,045 | 6.9 (#4) | 1 | The Left | ||||||||||||
| João Oliveira | 162,630 | 4.1 (#6) | 1 |
Regional Assemblies
| Region | Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government | Azores | 2024 | Madeira | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marco Varela | 1,823 | 1.6 (#7) | 0 | ||||||||
| Edgar Silva | 2,543 | 1.8 (#7) | 0 |
Local elections
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Councillors | +/- | Mayors | +/- | 1989 | 1993 | 1997 | 2001 | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | 2017 | 2021 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Álvaro Cunhal | 633,682 | 12.8 (#3) | |||||||||||||||
| Carlos Carvalhas | 689,928 | 12.8 (#3) | 7 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 643,956 | 12.0 (#3) | 10 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| 557,481 | 10.6 (#3) | 34 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Jerónimo de Sousa | 590,598 | 11.0 (#3) | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| 537,329 | 9.7 (#3) | 29 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| 552,506 | 11.1 (#3) | 39 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| 489,189 | 9.5 (#3) | 42 | 10 | ||||||||||||||
| 410,666 | 8.2 (#3) | 23 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Paulo Raimundo | 316,273 | 5.7 (#4) | 55 | 7 |
Notes
References
References
- [https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/state_of_populism_in_europe_in_2016.pdf THE STATE OF POPULISM IN EUROPE (2016)] via Politico EU
- [https://www.academia.edu/36420409/The_State_of_Populism_in_Europe_2017_Germany_Catching_up_but_still_at_the_bottom_of_the_European_league The State of Populism in Europe 2017] via Academia
- Nordsieck, Wolfram. (2019). "Portugal".
- do Paço, Mafalda Trindade Rodrigues Gomes. (2024). "A Comparative Analysis of Portuguese Parties’ Legislative Programs in 2024: A Multidimensional Study". Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
- Godinho, Luísa. (2019). "The local construction of Euroscepticism: a downsian approach to the positioning of the Portuguese Communist Party vis-à-vis the European project". Centro de Estudos Internacionais (CEI-ISCTE).
- (7 May 2019). "Europeias: CDU defende "outro projeto" europeu, PS alerta que ideia "é muito perigosa"". Diário de Notícias.
- do Paço, Mafalda Trindade Rodrigues Gomes. (7 March 2024). "A Comparative Analysis of Portuguese Parties’ Legislative Programs in 2024: A Multidimensional Study". Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
- Souer, Michael. (2020). "The Missing Quadrant: Left-conservative parties and voters in Western Europe". Universiteit Leiden.
- (28 September 2015). "Elections for the National Parliament, 4th October 2015".
- (24 November 2015). "Presidente da República indicou Secretário-Geral do PS para Primeiro-Ministro". Presidência da República.
- Borges, Liliana. (2019-10-11). "Catarina Martins lamenta fim da “geringonça”".
- (11 March 2024). "CDU desce ainda mais e renova pior resultado eleitoral de sempre".
- (11 March 2024). "Alentejo. PCP fica sem deputados no ex-bastião e Chega elege três".
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