Underwater hockey in Great Britain

Underwater hockey in Great Britain was first played in Southsea, Hampshire where it was invented in 1954. It is governed nationally by the British Octopush Association.

Underwater hockey was started by Alan Blake in 1954. Blake was a founder-member of the then newly formed Southsea Sub-Aqua Club, he and other divers including John Ventham, Jack Willis, and Frank Lilleker first played this game in the Guildhall Baths in Portsmouth. CMAS (the world governing body for underwater hockey) however, still states on its website that the sport originated with the Royal Navy in the same time period.

The first rules were tested in a 1954 two-on-two game and Alan Blake made the following announcement in the November 1954 issue of the British Sub-Aqua Club's then-official magazine Neptune: "Our indoor training programme is getting under way, including wet activities other than in baths, and our new underwater game "Octopush". Of which more later when we have worked out the details".

The first underwater hockey competition was a three-way tournament between teams from Southsea, Bournemouth and Brighton underwater hockey clubs in early 1955. Southsea won, and are still highly ranked at national level today winning 20 out of 52 national championships, which have been played annually since 1969.

Great Britain's men's national team played in the first Underwater Hockey World Championships in 1980, finishing as runners-up. Great Britain's women's national team first World Championships appearance was the fifth edition (fourth with a women's tournament) in 1988, resulting in a fourth-place finish.

Both men's and women's teams competed in the first edition of the European Championships in 1985, held at Crystal Palace Aquatics Centre, London, with both teams winning gold. The UK hosted the tournament again in 1993, this time at Ponds Forge, Sheffield. In the next edition, in 1995, the women's team claimed a second gold medal in the tournament with a third coming in 2008, and a fourth in 2010.

Great Britain's first gold medal in the World Championships was in 2002 in the U-19 men's division, with further golds coming in the 2009 and 2011 women's tournament.

The country, hosted its first World Championships in 2006, and its first Junior World Championships in 2019, both at Ponds Forge, Sheffield.

The sport was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, seeing the majority of tournaments in 2020 and 2021 cancelled; in addition to 41 clubs out of the 114 registered at the start of the pandemic (36%) folding.

Great Britain's elite and masters women's team took home gold in 2025's inaugural Intercontinental Championships, a new event to act as qualifiers for a growing World Championship.

Today there are 70 clubs registered with the British Octopush Association (68 British and 2 Irish).

Underwater hockey is governed nationally in Great Britain by the British Octopush Association (BOA) and has been since 1976. They were recognised as the official governing body for the sport a year later by the British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC), governing body for all sub-aqua sport in the United Kingdom, who also still govern the sport but to a limited extended. In 2013, the BOA affiliated itself to BSAC. The BOA runs the Great Britain national team at all levels and is responsible for major national competitions.

Scotland and Wales have their own governing bodies for underwater hockey that work with the BOA, Scottish Underwater Hockey and Underwater Hockey Wales respectively. These organise regional competitions for the respective home nations and also run national teams. However the use of the Scottish and Welsh national teams is limited with the Great Britain side being favoured for the majority of competitions.

Underwater hockey in Ireland operates as part of an all-Ireland basis. Therefore, the control in Northern Ireland is that of Comhairle Fo-Thuinn not the BOA.

Together with Ireland's Comhairle Fo-Thuinn, Scottish Underwater Hockey, and Underwater Hockey Wales organise the Cetic Cup for national teams of the three nations. The tournament began in 2022.

Celtic Cup results

(c) = club team

Of the 68 British clubs associated with the BOA, 55 are English, 7 are Scottish, 3 are Welsh, and 1 is Northern Irish. 12 of the 68 clubs are student clubs, these clubs are associated with the universities of Aberdeen, Bangor, Edinburgh, Lancaster, Liverpool, Newcastle, Oxford, Plymouth, Swansea, York, Warwick, and Belfast. In addition, the BOA had two associated Irish clubs.

The BOA operates all major underwater hockey competitions in the UK including the National Championships, Nautilus, Ladies National Championships, Veterans Championship, Student Nationals, and Junior Nationals. Other competitions also run throughout the year.

In the UK, the majority of club competitions are mixed-sex.

Competitions are usually held at the John Charles Centre for Sport in Leeds or Ponds Forge in Sheffield.

The national championships are a multi round tournament beginning with qualifiers after new year and the finals in late spring or early summer. The winners of the BOA national championships are:

The Nautilus competition is an annual national mini-league tournament held in the autumn. The results of which determin the seeding for the national championship qualifiers. Winners are:

The ladies only national championship is usually held in late winter or early spring. Winners are:

From 2018 to 2022, the BOA held the veterans championship for player over 50, winners of the competition are:

British underwater hockey student national were formalised as a BOA event for the first time in 2020. Previous events were informally organised by participating universities, with one university hosting. The first formal BOA student nationals was to be held at The Alan Higgs Centre in Coventry before being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequent events have been held at John Charles Centre for Sport in Leeds. Winning universities are:

In 2025, an alumni competition was started for graduate teams. It is held concurrently with Student Nationals.

Junior nations is currently split into various age categories. Winners of the competitions are:

In 2024, the BOA started an 4s tournament to be held in the winter (W) and summer (S) of each year. Winners of the competitions are:

A special one-off post COVID-19 restart tournament took place in August 2021 and was won by Southsea.

Outside of the above tournaments, which are organised by the BOA and form the BOA calendar, a number of other underwater hockey competitions occur in Great Britain on a more local or invitational level. These include, but are not limited to:

• Bristol Tournament – Organised and hosted by Bristol underwater hockey club
• Barbipush – Organised and hosted by Guildford underwater hockey club held outdoors at the Guildford Lido
• Gowland Cup – Organised and hosted by University of Aberdeen underwater hockey club
• MOT – Organised and hosted by Manchester underwater hockey club at the Manchester Aquatics Centre (currently on hiatus)
• Orkney Tournament – Organised and hosted by Orkney underwater hockey club
• Oxford Winter Tournament – Organised and hosted by the University of Oxford underwater hockey club for student teams in the run up to student nationals
• Shamrock Cup – Organised by Irish underwater hockey but open to British teams
• University hockey at Roses – varsity tournament for Lancaster University and University of York underwater hockey clubs

The BOA currently operate elite, masters, under 24s, and under 19s teams for both the men's and women's Great Britain squads. Training camps are usually held across one weekend in odd numbered months.

Squads for the 2023 World Championships and 2024 Junior World Championships

3. Matthew Adams
4. Rupert Ironside-Smith
5. Nathan Archer
6. Declan McNulty
7. Matthew Willis (c)
8. Tom Burgess
9. James Christen
10. Tom Pitchforth
11. Ali Monteath (vc)
12. James Finnimore
13. Karol Gyba | 2. Maddy Hollick
14. Sammy Gyba
15. Charlie Cooper
16. Emily McKeown
17. Lauren Dwyer (vc)
18. Rachel Hickey (c)
19. Rona Wignall
20. Alyssa Tremlet
21. Emma Pitchforth
22. Katie Stephens
23. Fiona Maynard
24. Nia Jane Matthews | | Masters | | | None Selected | None Selected | | U-24 | | | 2. Toby Curle
25. Will Tarling
26. George Correy
27. Tyreese Norville
28. Declan McNulty (c)
29. Jackson Spry
30. Ben Morgan
31. JJ Hay
32. Emrys Williams
33. Aran Lock
34. Caleb Pullen (vc)
35. Jake Charnock | 2. Ffion Barnikel
36. Esme Glass
37. Jaz Russell
38. Rebecca Fisher
39. Ame Tarling
40. Chloe Edwards (c)
41. Carian Lu
42. Maddy Vasey
43. Nieve McNulty (vc)
44. Lucy Rogers
45. Lauren Omnet
46. Jessica Thompson | | U-19 | | | 2. Alfie Copland
47. Mangnus Gowland
48. Lawrence Ndadaye
49. Oliver Herdman
50. Henry Gilbert (c)
51. Dan Wilcock
52. Dan Tomblin
53. Harry Walker
54. Harry Taylor
55. Luke Pascoe
56. Adam Thetford (vc)
57. Christen Vasey | 2. Imogen Foale
58. Isla Crocker
59. Willow Neighbour
60. Harriet Crawford
61. Sophie Redmond (vc)
62. Linaysha Perera
63. Amy Mears
64. Cerys Morgan
65. Grace Croad
66. Tia Cockroft
67. Lily Mae Pettifer (c)
68. Lorna Preston |

Underwater Hockey World Championships

Underwater Hockey Intercontinental Championships

Underwater Hockey European Championships