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Premier of Western Australia

Head of the executive branch of the state government of Western Australia

Summary

Head of the executive branch of the state government of Western Australia

Field	Value
post	Premier
body	Western Australia
insignia	Western Australian Coat of Arms.svg
insigniasize	120px
insigniacaption	Western Australian coat of arms
flag	Flag of Western Australia.svg
flagsize	120px
flagcaption	Flag of Western Australia
image	Roger Cook (cropped).jpg
imagesize	200px
incumbent	Roger Cook
incumbentsince	8 June 2023
department	Department of the Premier and Cabinet
style	{{plainlist
status	Head of government
member_of
reports_to	Parliament
seat	Dumas House, Perth
appointer	Governor of Western Australia
appointer_qualified	by convention, based on appointee's ability to command confidence in the Legislative Assembly
termlength	At the governor's pleasure
termlength_qualified	contingent on the premier's ability to command confidence in the lower house of Parliament
constituting_instrument	None (constitutional convention)
formation	29 December 1890
first	John Forrest
deputy	Deputy Premier of Western Australia
salary	A$355,681
website	www.premier.wa.gov.au

The Honourable (formal)
Premier (informal)

The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Western Australia. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Roger Cook is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 8 June 2023.

History

The position of premier is not mentioned in the constitution of Western Australia. From 1890 to 1917, the premier was not an official position, rather, it was the title unofficially given, but widely used to refer, to the head of the government. When Western Australia became a self-governing colony in 1890, Governor William Robinson initially indicated he would use the title prime minister to refer to the head of the government. However, after he appointed John Forrest, the title premier was used for consistency with the other Australian colonies. The position was first officially mentioned when the governor appointed Henry Lefroy as premier on 28 June 1917. However, when the governor designated and declared the six executive offices of the government on 2 July 1917, the position of premier was not listed, creating an ambiguity. It was not until 3 April 1947 that the premier became one of the executive offices of the government.

The most common cause for a change of premier is an election. Since the 1990s, elections have occurred roughly every four years. Before then, elections were at most three years apart, except for during World War II. A less common cause for a change of premier is the ruling party changing its leader. This can occur as a result of a resignation, death or leadership spill. In this case, the new premier is whoever the party elects as its new leader. Another cause for a change of premier is a loss of majority support in the Legislative Assembly. This commonly occurred in the first three decades of self-governance, but has not occurred since 1916. If this occurs, the premier must either resign or be dismissed by the governor.

Powers and function

The powers of the premier are set out by convention and by legislation. By convention, the premier advises the Monarch of Australia as to who to appoint as governor. The premier advises the governor as to who to appoint to cabinet and which portfolios should be given to each cabinet minister. The premier sets out the responsibilities of ministers and the acts that they would administer. The premier leads the cabinet and chairs cabinet meetings. They communicate with the governor, the cabinet, the state government, other state and territory governments, the federal government, and overseas governments. The premier advises the governor on when state elections should be held. They oversee the Department of the Premier and Cabinet. While premier, they stay as a member of parliament and they retain their responsibility for representing their electoral district.

Characteristics

As of 2023, there have been 31 premiers of Western Australia. Carmen Lawrence, who was appointed on 12 February 1990, is the first and only woman to be premier of Western Australia. She is also the first woman to be premier of an Australian state. By convention, the premier is a member of the Legislative Assembly. However, the premier can be a member of either house of parliament. Hal Colebatch is the only premier to be a member of the Legislative Council (upper house). He served for 30 days in 1919, making him the shortest serving premier of Western Australia. David Brand is the longest serving premier, serving for 11 years and 335 days between 1959 and 1971. The youngest premier is John Scaddan, who was 35 years, 2 months and 3 days old when he was sworn in in 1911. The oldest premier is John Tonkin, who was 69 years, 1 month and 1 day old when he was sworn in in 1971. Newton Moore became premier after two years in parliament, the least time aside from Forrest. Tonkin became premier after almost 38 years in parliament, the most time in parliament before becoming premier. The only father and son pair to have both been premier is Charles Court and his son Richard Court. George Leake, who died of pneumonia on 24 June 1902, is the only premier to have died in office. Moore, Philip Collier, John Willcock and Geoff Gallop are the only premiers to have resigned due to ill health.

Forrest, Colebatch and Lawrence are the only premiers to have served in the Parliament of Australia as well. Forrest and Lawrence are the only premiers to have been ministers in the Government of Australia as well. Moore is the only premier to have served in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The only premier to subsequently serve as governor is James Mitchell. George Leake, Frank Wilson, Phillip Collier and Mitchell are the only people to have been premier more than once. There are currently eight living former premiers. The most recent premier to die is Ray O'Connor, who was premier from 1982 to 1983 and died in 2013.

Two former premiers have been sentenced to jail. In 1994, Brian Burke was sentenced to two years in jail for defrauding the state by $17,000 by making false claims on the parliamentary imprest account. He was released on parole after serving seven months. In 1995, O'Connor served six months in jail for stealing a $25,000 cheque from the Bond Corporation during his time as premier. In 1997, Burke was sentenced to three years jail for stealing $122,585 in Labor Party campaign donations. He served six months before this conviction was quashed upon appeal.

List of premiers of Western Australia

No.	Portrait	Name(Birth–death)Constituency	Election	Term of office	Political party	Ministry	Monarch	Governor	Ref.	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Independent}}
(1847–1918)
MLA for Bunbury
1890–1901	Independent}}	2	George Throssell
(1840–1910)
MLA for Northam
1890–1904
MLC for East Province
1907–1910	Independent}}	3	George Leake
(1856–1902)
MLA for Roebourne
1890
MLA for Albany
1894–1900
MLA for West Perth
1901–1902	Independent}}	4	Alf Morgans
(1850–1933)
MLA for Coolgardie
1897–1904	Independent}}	(3)	George Leake
(1856–1902)
MLA for Roebourne
1890
MLA for Albany
1894–1900
MLA for West Perth
1901–1902	Independent}}	5	Sir Walter James
(1863–1943)
MLA for East Perth
1894–1904	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	6	Henry Daglish
(1866–1920)
MLA for Subiaco
1901–1911	Independent}}	7	Sir Hector Rason
(1858–1927)
MLC for Swan
1889–1890
MLA for South Murchison
1897–1901
MLA for Guildford
1901–1906	Independent}}	8	Sir Newton Moore
(1870–1936)
MLA for Bunbury
1904–1911	Independent}}	9	Frank Wilson
(1859–1918)
MLA for Canning
1897–1901
MLA for Perth
1901
MLA for Sussex
1904–1917	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	10	John Scaddan
(1876–1934)
MLA for Ivanhoe
1904–1911
MLA for Brown Hill-Ivanhoe
1911–1916
1916–1917
MLA for Albany
1919–1924
MLA for Maylands
1930–1933	Western Australian Liberal Party (1911–1917)}}; color:white"	(9)	Frank Wilson
(1859–1918)
MLA for Canning
1897–1901
MLA for Perth
1901
MLA for Sussex
1904–1917	Nationalist Party (Australia)}}; color:white"	11	Sir Henry Lefroy
(1854–1930)
MLA for Moore
1892–1901
1911–1921	Nationalist Party (Australia)}}; color:white"	12	Sir Hal Colebatch
(1872–1953)
MLC for East Province
1912–1923
MLC for Metropolitan Province
(1940–1948)	Nationalist Party (Australia)}}; color:white"	13	Sir James Mitchell
(1866–1951)
MLA for Northam
1905–1933	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	14	Philip Collier
(1873–1948)
MLA for Boulder
1905–1948	Nationalist Party (Australia)}}; color:white"	(13)	Sir James Mitchell
(1866–1951)
MLA for Northam
1905–1933	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	(14)	Philip Collier
(1873–1948)
MLA for Boulder
1905–1948	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	15	John Willcock
(1879–1947)
MLA for Geraldton
1917–1947	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	16	Frank Wise
(1897–1986)
MLA for Gascoyne
1933–1951	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	17	Sir Ross McLarty
(1891–1962)
MLA for Murray-Wellington
1930–1962	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	18	Bert Hawke
(1900–1986)
MLA for Northam
1933–1968	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	19	Sir David Brand
(1912–1979)
MLA for Greenough
1945–1975	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	20	John Tonkin
(1902–1995)
MLA for North-East Fremantle
1933–1950
MLA for Melville
1950–1977	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	21	Sir Charles Court
(1911–2007)
MLA for Nedlands
1953–1982	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	22	Ray O'Connor
(1926–2013)
MLA for North Perth
1959–1962
MLA for Mount Lawley
1962–1984	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	23	Brian Burke
(born 1947)
MLA for Balcatta
1973–1974
1977–1983
MLA for Balga
1974–1977
1983–1988	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	24	Peter Dowding
(born 1943)
MLC for North Province
1979–1986
MLA for Maylands
1986–1990	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	25	Carmen Lawrence
(born 1948)
MLA for Subiaco
1986–1989
MLA for Glendalough
1989–1994	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	26	Richard Court
(born 1947)
MLA for Nedlands
1982–2001	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	27	Geoff Gallop
(born 1951)
MLA for Victoria Park
1986–2006	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	28	Alan Carpenter
(born 1951)
MLA for Willagee
1996–2009	Liberal Party of Australia}}; color:white"	29	Colin Barnett
(born 1950)
MLA for Cottesloe
1990 – 2018	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	30	Mark McGowan
(born 1967)
MLA for Rockingham
1996–2023	Australian Labor Party}}; color:white"	31	Roger Cook
(born 1965)
MLA for Kwinana
2008–present
[[File:John_Forrest.jpg	130x130px]]	1890
1894
1897	29 December 1890	14 February 1901	10 years,48 days	None	Forrest ministry	Victoria	Frederick Broome	{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography	first=F. K.	last=Crowley	title=Forrest, Sir John (1847–1918)	publisher=Australian National University	access-date=30 January 2012}}
William Robinson
Gerard Smith
Edward VII
[[File:George_Throssell_(1840-1910).jpg	149x149px]]	1901	14 February 1901	27 May 1901	101 days	None	Throssell ministry
Arthur Lawley
[[File:George_Leake.jpg	147x147px]]	—	27 May 1901	21 November 1901	178 days	None	First Leake ministry
[[File:Alf_Morgans_(1850-1933).jpg	148x148px]]	—	21 November 1901	23 December 1901	32 days	None	Morgans ministry
[[File:George_Leake.jpg	147x147px]]	—	23 December 1901	24 June 1902	190 days	None	Second Leake ministry
[[File:Walter_James.jpg	149x149px]]	—	1 July 1902	10 August 1904	2 years,40 days	None	James ministry
Frederick Bedford
[[File:HenryDaglish.jpeg	151x151px]]	1904	10 August 1904	25 August 1905	1 year,15 days	Labor	Daglish ministry
[[File:Cornthwaite_Rason_(1858-1927).jpg	152x152px]]	1905	25 August 1905	7 May 1906	255 days	None	Rason ministry
[[File:Newton_Moore_(1870-1936).jpeg	149x149px]]	1908	7 May 1906	16 September 1910	4 years,132 days	None	Moore ministry
Gerald Strickland
George V
[[File:Frank_Wilson_(1859-1918).jpeg	144x144px]]	—	16 September 1910	7 October 1911	1 year,21 days	None	First Wilson ministry
[[File:John_Scaddan.jpg	153x153px]]	1911
1914	7 October 1911	27 July 1916	4 years,294 days	Labor	Scaddan ministry
Harry Barron
[[File:Frank_Wilson_(1859-1918).jpeg	144x144px]]	—	27 July 1916	28 June 1917	336 days	Liberal	Second Wilson ministry
William Ellison-Macartney
[[File:Henry_Lefroy.jpg	152x152px]]	1917	28 June 1917	17 April 1919	1 year,293 days	Nationalist	Lefroy ministry
[[File:Hal_Colebatch.jpg	157x157px]]	—	17 April 1919	17 May 1919	30 days	Nationalist	Colebatch ministry
[[File:Sir_James_Mitchell.jpg	141x141px]]	1921	17 May 1919	17 April 1924	4 years,335 days	Nationalist	First Mitchell ministry
Francis Newdegate
[[File:Philip_Collier.jpg	141x141px]]	1924
1927	17 April 1924	24 April 1930	6 years,8 days	Labor	First Collier ministry
William Campion
[[File:Sir_James_Mitchell.jpg	141x141px]]	1930	24 April 1930	26 April 1933	3 years	Nationalist	Second Mitchell ministry
None
[[File:Philip_Collier.jpg	141x141px]]	1933
1936	26 April 1933	19 August 1936	3 years,118 days	Labor	Second Collier ministry
Edward VIII
[[File:John_Willcock.jpg	137x137px]]	1939
1943	19 August 1936	31 July 1945	8 years,345 days	Labor	Willcock ministry
George VI
[[File:Honfrankjosephwise.jpg	126x126px]]	—	31 July 1945	1 April 1947	1 year,244 days	Labor	Wise ministry
[[File:Ross_McLarty.jpg	149x149px]]	1947
1950	1 April 1947	23 February 1953	5 years,328 days	Liberal	McLarty–Watts ministry
James Mitchell
Charles Gairdner
Elizabeth II
[[File:Albert_Hawke_1965.jpg	136x136px]]	1953
1956	23 February 1953	2 April 1959	6 years,37 days	Labor	Hawke ministry
[[File:DavidBrand1963.jpg	125x125px]]	1959
1962
1965
1968	2 April 1959	3 March 1971	11 years,335 days	Liberal	Brand–Watts ministry
Brand–Nalder ministry
Douglas Kendrew
[[File:JohnTonkin1964crop.jpg	141x141px]]	1971	3 March 1971	8 April 1974	3 years,66 days	Labor	Tonkin ministry
Hughie Edwards
[[File:Charles Court 1974 (1) (cropped).jpg	130x130px]]	1974
1977
1980	8 April 1974	25 January 1982	7 years,292 days	Liberal	Court–McPharlin ministry
Court ministry
Wallace Kyle
Richard Trowbridge
[[File:Ray O'Connor 1965.jpg	130x130px]]	—	25 January 1982	25 February 1983	1 year,31 days	Liberal	O'Connor ministry
	1983
1986	25 February 1983	25 February 1988	5 years	Labor	Burke ministry
Gordon Reid
[[File:Peter_Dowding.jpg	131x131px]]	1989	25 February 1988	12 February 1990	1 year,352 days	Labor	Dowding ministry
None
[[File:Carmen_Lawrence_1990_(cropped).png	137x137px]]	—	12 February 1990	16 February 1993	3 years,4 days	Labor	Lawrence ministry
Francis Burt
[[File:Richard Court - Ambassador to Japan b.jpg	139x139px]]	1993
1996	16 February 1993	16 February 2001	7 years,360 days	Liberal	Court–Cowan ministry
Michael Jeffery
John Sanderson
[[File:Geoffrey Gallop Midland (cropped) b.jpg	132x132px]]	2001
2005	16 February 2001	25 January 2006	4 years,343 days	Labor	Gallop ministry
Ken Michael
[[File:Alan Carpenter (cropped) b.jpg	138x138px]]	—	25 January 2006	23 September 2008	2 years,242 days	Labor	Carpenter ministry
[[File:Colin Barnett (formal) crop b.jpg	138x138px]]	2008
2013	23 September 2008	17 March 2017	8 years,175 days	Liberal	Barnett ministry
Malcolm McCusker
Kerry Sanderson
[[File:Mark_McGowan_headshot.jpg	138x138px]]	2017
2021	17 March 2017	8 June 2023	6 years,83 days	Labor	First McGowan ministry
Kim Beazley
Second McGowan ministry
Chris Dawson
Charles III
[[File:3 Feb 15 FREO FSH gnangarra-123.jpg	138x138px]]	2025	8 June 2023	incumbent		Labor	Cook ministry

Graphical timeline

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:15 AlignBars = late

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1890 till:30/11/2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1890

Colors= id:canvas value:gray(0.5) id:LIB value:blue legend:Liberal id:NAT value:powderblue legend:Nationalist id:LWA value:skyblue legend:Liberal_(pre–1917) id:LAB value:red legend:Labor id:NO value:gray(0.6) legend:No_party

Legend = columns:3 left:150 top:50 columnwidth:200

TextData = pos:(20,55) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"

BarData = bar:JohnForrest bar:GeorgeThrossell bar:GeorgeLeake bar:AlfMorgans bar:WalterJames bar:HenryDaglish bar:HectorRason bar:NewtonMoore bar:FrankWilson bar:JohnScaddan bar:HenryLefroy bar:HalColebatch bar:JamesMitchell bar:PhilipCollier bar:JohnWillcock bar:FrankWise bar:RossMcLarty bar:AlbertHawke bar:DavidBrand bar:JohnTonkin bar:CharlesCourt bar:RayO'Connor bar:BrianBurke bar:PeterDowding bar:CarmenLawrence bar:RichardCourt bar:GeoffGallop bar:AlanCarpenter bar:ColinBarnett bar:MarkMcGowan bar:RogerCook

PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:JohnForrest from:29/12/1890 till:14/02/1901 color:NO text:"John Forrest (1890–1901)" bar:GeorgeThrossell from:14/02/1901 till:27/05/1901 color:NO text:"George Throssell (1901)" bar:GeorgeLeake from:27/05/1901 till:21/11/1901 color:NO from:23/12/1901 till:24/06/1902 color:NO text:"George Leake (1901, 1901–1902)" bar:AlfMorgans from:21/11/1901 till:23/12/1901 color:NO text:"Alf Morgans (1901)" bar:WalterJames from:01/07/1902 till:10/08/1904 color:NO text:"Walter James (1902–1904)" bar:HenryDaglish from:10/08/1904 till:25/08/1905 color:LAB text:"Henry Daglish (1904–1905)" bar:HectorRason from:25/08/1905 till:07/05/1906 color:NO text:"Hector Rason (1905–1906)" bar:NewtonMoore from:07/05/1906 till:16/09/1910 color:NO text:"Newton Moore (1906–1910)" bar:FrankWilson from:16/09/1910 till:07/10/1911 color:NO from:27/07/1916 till:28/06/1917 color:LWA text:"Frank Wilson (1910–1911, 1916–1917)" bar:JohnScaddan from:07/10/1911 till:27/07/1916 color:LAB text:"John Scaddan (1911–1916)" bar:HenryLefroy from:28/06/1917 till:17/04/1919 color:NAT text:"Henry Lefroy (1917–1919)" bar:HalColebatch from:17/04/1919 till:17/05/1919 color:NAT text:"Hal Colebatch (1919)" bar:JamesMitchell from:17/05/1919 till:16/04/1924 color:NAT from:24/04/1930 till:24/04/1933 color:NAT text:"James Mitchell (1919–1924, 1930–1933)" bar:PhilipCollier from:16/04/1924 till:24/04/1930 color:LAB from:24/04/1933 till:19/08/1936 color:LAB text:"Philip Collier (1924–1930, 1933–1936)" bar:JohnWillcock from:20/08/1936 till:31/07/1945 color:LAB text:"John Willcock (1936–1945)" bar:FrankWise from:31/07/1945 till:01/04/1947 color:LAB text:"Frank Wise (1945–1947)" bar:RossMcLarty from:01/04/1947 till:23/02/1953 color:LIB text:"Ross McLarty (1947–1953)" bar:AlbertHawke from:23/02/1953 till:02/04/1959 color:LAB text:"Bert Hawke (1953–1959)" bar:DavidBrand from:02/04/1959 till:03/03/1971 color:LIB text:"David Brand (1959–1971)" bar:JohnTonkin from:03/03/1971 till:08/04/1974 color:LAB text:"John Tonkin (1971–1974)" bar:CharlesCourt from:08/04/1974 till:25/01/1982 color:LIB text:"Charles Court (1974–1982)" bar:RayO'Connor from:25/01/1982 till:25/02/1983 color:LIB text:"Ray O'Connor (1982–1983)" bar:BrianBurke from:25/02/1983 till:25/02/1988 color:LAB text:"Brian Burke (1983–1988)" bar:PeterDowding from:25/02/1988 till:12/02/1990 color:LAB text:"Peter Dowding (1988–1990)" bar:CarmenLawrence from:12/02/1990 till:16/02/1993 color:LAB text:"Carmen Lawrence (1990–1993)" bar:RichardCourt from:16/02/1993 till:10/02/2001 color:LIB text:"Richard Court (1993–2001)" bar:GeoffGallop from:10/02/2001 till:25/01/2006 color:LAB text:"Geoff Gallop (2001–2006)" bar:AlanCarpenter from:25/01/2006 till:23/09/2008 color:LAB text:"Alan Carpenter (2006–2008)" bar:ColinBarnett from:23/09/2008 till:17/03/2017 color:LIB text:"Colin Barnett (2008–2017)" bar:MarkMcGowan from:17/03/2017 till:08/06/2023 color:LAB text:"Mark McGowan (2017–2023)" bar:RogerCook from:08/06/2023 till:end color:LAB text:"Roger Cook (2023–present)"

References

Bibliography

References

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