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Philippine Senate elections

System of national at-large voting for the Congressional upper house

System of national at-large voting for the Congressional upper house

Elections to the Senate of the Philippines are done via plurality-at-large voting; a voter can vote for up to twelve candidates, with the twelve candidates with the highest number of votes being elected. The 24-member Senate uses staggered elections, with only one-half of its members up for election at any given time, except for special elections, which are always held concurrently with regularly scheduled elections.

Manner of choosing candidates

With the advent of the nominal multi-party system in 1987, political parties have not been able to muster enough candidates to fill their 12-person slate. This means they have to join coalitions or alliances in order to present a full slate. If a slate is still not complete, "guest candidates" may be invited, even from rival slates. A guest candidate may not be compelled to join the campaign rallies of the slate that invited him/her. A party may even not include their entire ticket to a coalition slate, or assign their candidates to competing slates. A candidate may defect from one slate to another or be unaffiliated with any slate while the campaign is ongoing. The Commission on Elections uses the names of the political parties on the ballot.

Once elected, the parties involved in the different slates may form alliances with one another totally different from the alliances prior to the election.

In Third Republic elections under the nominal two-party system, the Liberal Party and the Nacionalista Party often presented complete 8-person tickets; a party may even exceed the 8-person slate due to perceived popularity. The first instance of having guest candidates was in 1955, when the opposition Liberals adopted Claro M. Recto of the Nacionalista Party, who had also opposed the presidency of Ramon Magsaysay. Parties having guest candidates was seen as a weakness of finding candidates within their ranks.

Manner of election

1916 to 1935

Map of the senatorial districts.

From 1916 to 1934, the country was divided into 12 senatorial districts. Eleven of these districts elected two senators each. In 1916, each district elected two senators (plurality-at-large): one was to serve a six-year term, the other a three-year term. On each election thereafter, one seat per district was up (first past the post). The senators from the 12th district were appointed by the American governor-general for no fixed term.

In 1935, the electorate approved in a plebiscite a new constitution that abolished the Senate and instituted a unicameral National Assembly of the Philippines. The members of the Constitutional Convention originally wanted bicameralism but could not agree on how the senators shall be elected: via the senatorial districts or being nationally elected.

1941 to 1949

The electorate in 1940 approved in a plebiscite amendments to the constitution that restored the bicameral Congress of the Philippines, including the Senate. Elections for the Senate were held on every second Monday of November of every odd-numbered year; however, the old senatorial districts were not used anymore; instead, the 24-member Senate was to be elected on a nationwide at-large basis. As the first election in the new setup, the voters in the 1941 election voted for 24 senators. However, they were also given the option of writing the party's name on the ballot, wherein all of the candidates of the party would receive votes. With the 24 candidates with the most votes winning in the election, the ruling Nacionalista Party won all 24 seats in a landslide victory. The winners included Rafael Martinez, who replaced Norberto Romualdez, who died the day before the election; Martinez won because of voters who had selected the party, rather than specifying a particular candidate.

Due to World War II, Congress was not able to convene until June 1945. President Sergio Osmeña called for special sessions to convene the 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines until elections could be organized. Originally, to observe the staggered terms, the eight candidates with the most votes were to serve for eight years, the next eight for four years, and still the next eight for two years. However, several members had died and others were disqualified because they were charged with collaboration with the Japanese, so the Senate conducted a lottery to determine which senators would serve until 1946 and which would serve until 1947. In the 1946 election, voters elected 16 senators; the first eight candidates with the highest number of votes were to serve until 1951, the next eight were to serve until 1949.

1951 to 1971

Electoral reform enacted in 1951 eliminated block voting, which had given voters the option of writing the party's name on the ballot. In a 1951 election, voters voted for eight senators for the first time and each voter had to write at most eight names for senator (writing the party's name would result in a spoiled vote). Noting that after the elimination of block voting, many people voted for a split ticket, political scientist David Wurfel has remarked that "The electoral reform of 1951 was thus one of the most important institutional changes in the postwar Philippines, making the life of the opposition easier."

On September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law and assumed legislative powers. In a 1973 plebiscite, the electorate approved a new constitution that abolished Congress and replaced it with a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be the Batasang Pambansa (parliament).

1987 to present

The GSIS building: The Senate session hall.

Marcos was overthrown as a result of the 1986 People Power Revolution. The new president, Corazon Aquino, appointed a Constitutional Commission to write a new constitution. The electorate approved the constitution in 1987, restoring the bicameral Congress. Instead of electing 8 senators every two years, the new constitution provided that 12 senators would be elected every three years. As part of the transitory provisions, the voters elected 24 senators in the 1987 election, to serve until 1992. In the 1992 election, the voters still voted for 24 candidates, but the first 12 candidates with the most votes were to serve until 1998, while the next 12 were to serve only until 1995. Thereafter, 12 candidates are elected every second Monday of May every third year since 1995.{{cite book

Summary

ElectionsElectedSeats per
districtDistrictsTotal
seatsCandidates
19162221124
19191111124
19221111224
19251111224
19281111224
19311111224
19341111224
*Senate abolished from 1935 to 1941.
Senators elected in 1941 will not serve until 1945.*
19412424124103
1946161612457
19478812424
19498812426
19518+1 special912420+4
19538812420
19558+1 special912421+3
19578812454
19598812432
19618812422
19638812419
19658812430
19678812429
19698812429
19718812416
Senate abolished from 1972 to 1987.
1987242412491
19922424124164
1995121212430
1998121212440
200112+1 special1312437
2004121212448
2007121212437
2010121212461
2013121212433
2016121212450
2019121212462
2022121212464
2025121212466

List of results

Senatorial districts era

ElectionNacionalistaProgresistaDemocrataColectivistaPro-
IndependenciaConsolidatoIndependentsTotal
1916221124
1919211224
19221253424
19255836224
1928240324
193164212
1934617124

At-large era

In this table, the "administration" ticket is the ticket supported by the sitting president.

In 1992, Corazon Aquino who was nominally supporting the LDP, supported the presidential candidacy of Fidel V. Ramos of Lakas, making the "administration ticket" ambiguous.

In 2021, ruling party PDP–Laban nominated Senator Bong Go for president, and President Rodrigo Duterte for vice president. Later on, Senator Ronald dela Rosa filed his candidacy to run for president under PDP–Laban, while Go as his vice president. There were suggestions that Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte, the president's daughter, substitute for dela Rosa. Instead, dela Rosa withdrew his presidential candidacy, Go then withdrew his vice presidential bid to avoid complications with Sara's vice presidential candidacy under Lakas–CMD, then Go became the presidential nominee of Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan, with President Duterte filing to run for senator, then endorsing his daughter for vice president. In the end, both Go and President Duterte withdrew, and several figures in the Duterte administration were either senatorial candidates of the PDP–Laban backed Tuloy ang Pagbabago slate, or Mayor Duterte's UniTeam Alliance, making the "administration ticket" ambiguous.

ElectionAdministration ticketPrimary opposition ticketOthersSeats wonVote %Seats wonVote %Seats wonVote %
194124 Nationalistas
19467 Nacionalistas (Conservative wing)40.818 Nacionalistas (Liberal wing)47.26%1 Popular Front6.56%
19476 Liberals54.722 Nacionalistas45.04
19498 Liberals52.520 Nacionalistas36.57
19510 Liberals38.199 Nacionalistas58.20
19530 Liberals35.975 Nacionalistas39.832 Democrats
1 Citizens'15.40
8.75
19559 Nacionalistas67.180 Liberals32.71
19576 Nacionalistas47.282 Liberals31.70
19595 Nacionalistas45.042 Liberals28.921 NCP5.92
19612 Nacionalistas45.074 Liberals37.882 Progressives16.62
19634 Liberals49.764 Nacionalistas50.17
19652 Liberals46.925 Nacionalistas43.821 NCP6.11
19676 Nacionalistas55.751 Liberal37.041 Independent Nacionalista7.10
19696 Nacionalistas58.582 Liberals41.35
19712 Nacionalistas42.586 Liberals57.42
198722 Lakas ng Bayan64.892 GAD26.16
199216 LDP44.955 NPC18.072 Lakas ng Bayan
1 Liberal/PDP–Laban17.67
6.92
19959 Lakas–Laban Coalition67.713 NPC30.67
19985 Lakas45.447 LAMMP44.54
20018 People Power Coalition50.814 Puwersa ng Masa39.121 Independent9.18
20047 K452.245 KNP37.74
20072 TEAM Unity36.768 GO50.871 Liberal
1 independent5.40
5.33
20102 Lakas-Kampi12.834 Aquino–Roxas slate32.723 Villar–Legarda slate
2 Estrada–Binay slate
1 NPC27.18
17.49
4.00
20139 Team PNoy59.603 UNA30.84
20167 Koalisyon ng Daang Matuwid43.814 Partido Galing at Puso30.831 UNA7.68
20199 Hugpong ng Pagbabago56.230 Otso Diretso13.821 NPC
1 UNA
1 independent4.68
4.13
9.61
20221 Tuloy ang Pagbabago9.841 TRoPa12.444 UniTeam
3 Lacson–Sotto slate
3 Independents27.95
19.12
19.03
20256 Alyansa para sa Bagong Pilipinas33.183 DuterTen27.962 KiBam
1 Nacionalista8.48
3.11

By demographics

ElectionWon reelectionLost reelectionRetired or vacantTerm limitedNeophytesPreviously servedTotalMenWomen
1941————17724240
19464111—11116160
1947215—51871
1949242—60880
1951117—71990
1953253—32880
1955324—60981
1957332—50880
1959422—40880
1961251—41871
1963341—50871
1965314—50871
1967134—61862
1969530—21880
1971413—40871
1987————19524222
19921437—8124204
19954224711293
199831085412102
200143427113121
20042343821293
200751335212111
201060322412102
20136015601284
201632165412102
20195214431275
202242333512102
20255214341293

Top-notcher

Since the at-large era, a high-scoring winner can be seen as a strong contender for a future presidential or vice-presidential bid. Pacita Madrigal-Warns is the first woman to be a senatorial topnotcher. Jovito Salonga is the first senatorial candidate to take the top spot thrice; Loren Legarda comes in second by topping the polls twice.

ElectionTopnotcherParty% votesFuture election to higher office result
1941Claro M. RectoNacionalista64.81Lost 1957 presidential election
1946Vicente FranciscoNacionalista (Liberal wing)28.63Lost 1949 vice presidential election
1947Lorenzo TañadaLiberal48.11Lost 1957 vice presidential election
1949Quintin ParedesLiberal49.08
1951Jose P. LaurelNacionalista48.81
1953Fernando LopezDemocratic52.53Won 1965 vice presidential election
1955Pacita Madrigal-WarnsNacionalista50.43
1957Gil PuyatNacionalista42.87Lost 1961 vice presidential election
1959Ferdinand Marcos Sr.Liberal41.62Won 1965 presidential election
Won 1969 presidential election
Won 1981 presidential election
Disputed victory at the 1986 presidential election was reportedly marred by graft and corruption
1961Raul ManglapusProgressive51.78Lost 1965 presidential election
1963Gerardo RoxasLiberal46.98Lost 1965 vice presidential election
1965Jovito SalongaLiberal47.70Lost 1992 presidential election
1967Jose RoyNacionalista51.73
1969Arturo TolentinoNacionalista58.84Victory at the 1986 vice presidential election disputed
1971Jovito SalongaLiberal59.67(see 1965)
1987Jovito SalongaLABAN57.12(see 1965)
1992Tito SottoLDP48.62Lost 2022 Philippine vice presidential election
1995Gloria Macapagal ArroyoLDP61.18Won 1998 vice presidential election
Won 2004 presidential election
1998Loren LegardaLakas50.99Lost 2004 vice presidential election
Lost 2010 vice presidential election
2001Noli de CastroIndependent55.09Won 2004 vice presidential election
2004Mar RoxasLiberal54.56Lost 2010 vice presidential election
Lost 2016 presidential election
2007Loren LegardaNPC62.72(see 1998)
2010Bong RevillaLakas–Kampi51.15TBD
2013Grace PoeIndependent50.66Lost 2016 presidential election
2016Franklin DrilonLiberal41.37
2019Cynthia VillarNacionalista53.46TBD
2022Robin PadillaPDP–Laban47.91TBD
2025Bong GoPDP–Laban47.29TBD

Senate composition

These are at the start of each Congress. A senator may change parties or leave office mid-term.

Election123456789101112131415161718192021222324
1941Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}
1946Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Popular Front (Philippines)}}
1947Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Popular Front (Philippines)}}
1949Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Popular Front (Philippines)}}
1951Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}
1953Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1955Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1957Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Democratic Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1959Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1961Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}
1963Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}
1965Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}Progressive Party (Philippines)}}
1967Independent}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1969Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist Citizens' Party}}
1971Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}
1987Grand Alliance for Democracy}}Grand Alliance for Democracy}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}Lakas ng Bayan}}
1992Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Liberal Party (Philippines)}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"
1995Independent}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Nacionalista Party}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"People's Reform Party}}"
1998Aksyon Demokratiko}}"Grand Alliance for Democracy}}"Independent}}"Independent}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}"People's Reform Party}}"
2001Independent}}"Independent}}"Independent}}"Independent}}"Independent}}"Independent}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}"Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Lakas-NUCD}}"Liberal Party (Philippines)}}"Nationalist People's Coalition}}"Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}"Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}"
2004Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}People's Reform Party}}
2007Independent}}Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}People's Reform Party}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}United Opposition (Philippines)}}United Opposition (Philippines)}}
2010Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-Kampi-CMD}}Lakas-Kampi-CMD}}Lakas-Kampi-CMD}}Lakas-Kampi-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}People's Reform Party}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}
2013Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-CMD}}Lakas-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}People's Reform Party}}United Nationalist Alliance}}United Nationalist Alliance}}United Nationalist Alliance}}United Nationalist Alliance}}United Nationalist Alliance}}
2016Akbayan}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}United Nationalist Alliance}}United Nationalist Alliance}}
2019Akbayan Citizens' Action Party}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}United Nationalist Alliance}}
2022Akbayan Citizens' Action Party}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}Lakas-CMD}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}United Nationalist Alliance}}
2025Akbayan Citizens' Action Party}}Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Independent}}Lakas-CMD}}Liberal Party (Philippines)}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nacionalista Party}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Nationalist People's Coalition}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}

Latest elections

2025

Main article: 2025 Philippine Senate election

2022

Main article: 2022 Philippine Senate election

2019

Main article: 2019 Philippine Senate election

2016

Main article: 2016 Philippine Senate election

2013

Main article: 2013 Philippine Senate election

2010

Main article: 2010 Philippine Senate election

References

References

  1. (2004). "Public opinion and polling around the world: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1". ABC-CLIO, Inc..
  2. Quezon, Manuel L. III. (May 11, 2013). "The Great Divide: The midterm election of 2013 (Part 1)".
  3. "History of the Senate". Official website of the Senate.
  4. Quezon, Manuel III. (June 15, 2009). "Reviewing the prewar plebiscites". [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]].
  5. Quezon, Manuel III. (November 20, 2006). "Block voting". [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]].
  6. Quezon, Manuel III. (April 10, 2008). "Senate the victim of a design flaw". [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]].
  7. Araneta, Sandy. (July 24, 2001). "It's final: Honasan is No. 13". [[The Philippine Star]].
  8. (2001). "Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific". [[Oxford University Press]].
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