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Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district
U.S. House district for Pennsylvania
U.S. House district for Pennsylvania
| Field | Value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | Pennsylvania | ||||||||||||
| district number | 5 | ||||||||||||
| image name | {{maplink | frame=yes | plain=yes | from=Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district (2023–2033).map | frame-height=300 | frame-width=400 | frame-latitude=39.94 | frame-longitude=-75.35 | zoom=9 | overlay-horizontal-alignment=right | overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom | overlay=[[File:Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district (since 2023).svg | 120px]] |
| id2 | Q27844 | type2=shape | fill-opacity2=0 | fill2=#ffffff | stroke-width2=3 | title2=Delaware County | |||||||
| image caption | Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| (Delaware County outlined in red) | |||||||||||||
| representative | Mary Gay Scanlon | ||||||||||||
| party | Democratic | ||||||||||||
| residence | Swarthmore | ||||||||||||
| distribution ref | |||||||||||||
| population | 768,273 | ||||||||||||
| population year | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| median income | $85,873 | ||||||||||||
| percent white | 58.1 | ||||||||||||
| percent hispanic | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
| percent black | 24.4 | ||||||||||||
| percent asian | 7.1 | ||||||||||||
| percent more than one race | 3.5 | ||||||||||||
| percent other race | 0.6 | ||||||||||||
| cpvi | D+15 |
(Delaware County outlined in red) | percent more than one race = 3.5 Pennsylvania's fifth congressional district encompasses all of Delaware County, an exclave of Chester County, a small portion of southern Montgomery County and a section of southern Philadelphia. Democrat Mary Gay Scanlon represents the district.
Prior to 2018, the fifth district was located in north-central Pennsylvania and was the largest in area, and therefore least densely populated, of all of Pennsylvania's congressional districts. It was Republican-leaning and represented by Glenn Thompson (R). However, in February 2018, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania redrew this district after ruling the previous congressional district map unconstitutional due to partisan gerrymandering, assigning its number to a more left-leaning district in southeastern Pennsylvania for the 2018 elections and representation thereafter–essentially, a successor to the old seventh district. Most of Thompson's territory became a new, heavily Republican 15th district. He was re-elected there.
The 5th district is mostly suburban, but contains some urban and rural areas as well. The entirety of Delaware County and the majority of both the Main Line Suburbs and South Philadelphia are part of this district. The district is fairly diverse compared to others in Pennsylvania, and is roughly 25% African American.
Recent election results from statewide races
| Year | Office | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | President | Obama 63% - 36% | |
| Attorney General | Morganelli 54% - 46% | ||
| Auditor General | Wagner 62% - 38% | ||
| 2010 | Senate | Sestak 60% - 40% | |
| Governor | Onorato 57% - 43% | ||
| 2012 | President | Obama 64% - 36% | |
| Senate | Casey Jr. 65% - 35% | ||
| 2014 | Governor | Wolf 64% - 36% | |
| 2016 | President | Clinton 63% - 34% | |
| Senate | McGinty 59% - 39% | ||
| Attorney General | Shapiro 62% - 38% | ||
| Treasurer | Torsella 61% - 36% | ||
| Auditor General | DePasquale 59% - 38% | ||
| 2018 | Senate | Casey Jr. 68% - 31% | |
| Governor | Wolf 70% - 29% | ||
| 2020 | President | Biden 66% - 33% | |
| Attorney General | Shapiro 64% - 34% | ||
| Treasurer | Torsella 62% - 36% | ||
| Auditor General | Ahmad 60% - 36% | ||
| 2022 | Senate | Fetterman 65% - 32% | |
| Governor | Shapiro 70% - 28% | ||
| 2024 | President | Harris 64% - 35% | |
| Senate | Casey Jr. 63% - 35% | ||
| Treasurer | McClelland 59% - 38% |
Composition
; Chester County (0)
: Unincorporated area in Chester County
Delaware County (50)
: All 50 municipalities
Montgomery County (5)
:Bridgeport, Lower Merion Township (part; also 4th; includes Penn Wynne and part of Ardmore, Bryn Mawr, Haverford College, Merion Station, Rosemont, and Villanova), Narberth, Norristown, Upper Merion Township (part; also 4th; includes Swedeland and part of King of Prussia)
Philadelphia County (1)
: Philadelphia (part; also 2nd and 3rd)
Philadelphia neighborhoods in the 5th district include:
- Clearview
- Eastwick
- Elmwood Park
- Girard Estate
- Melrose
- Mount Moriah
- Packer Park
- South Philadelphia East
- Southwest Philadelphia
List of members representing the district
District created in 1791 from the .
1791–1793: one seat
| Representative | Party | Years | Cong | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ress | Electoral history | |||
| District first established March 4, 1791 | ||||
| John W. Kittera | ||||
| (Lancaster) | Pro-Administration | nowrap | March 4, 1791 – | |
| March 3, 1793 | Elected in 1791. | |||
| Redistricted to the . |
District redistricted in 1793 to the .
1795–1813: one seat
District restored in 1795.
| Representative | Party | Years | Cong | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ress | Electoral history | |||
| Daniel Hiester | ||||
| (West Chester) | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1795 – | |
| July 1, 1796 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1794. | |||
| Resigned. | ||||
| Vacant | nowrap | July 1, 1796 – | ||
| December 8, 1796 | ||||
| George Ege | ||||
| (Womelsdorf) | Federalist | nowrap | December 8, 1796 – | |
| March 3, 1797 | Elected October 10, 1797, to finish Hiester's term. | |||
| Also elected the next day to the next term. | ||||
| Resigned. | ||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1797 – | |||
| October ??, 1797 | ||||
| Vacant | nowrap | October ??, 1797 – | ||
| December 1, 1797 | ||||
| [[File:Joseph Hiester.jpg | 100px]] | |||
| Joseph Hiester | ||||
| (Reading) | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | December 1, 1797 – | |
| March 3, 1799 | Elected to finish Ege's term. | |||
| Re-elected in 1798. | ||||
| Re-elected in 1800. | ||||
| Redistricted to the . | ||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1799 – | |||
| March 3, 1803 | ||||
| [[File:AndrewGregg.jpg | 100px]] | |||
| Andrew Gregg | ||||
| (Bellefonte) | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1803 – | |
| March 3, 1807 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1802. | |||
| Re-elected in 1804. | ||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||
| Daniel Montgomery Jr. | ||||
| (Danville) | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1807 – | |
| March 3, 1809 | Elected in 1806. | |||
| Retired. | ||||
| George Smith | Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1809 – | |
| March 3, 1813 | Re-elected in 1808. | |||
| Re-elected in 1810. | ||||
| Redistricted to the and lost re-election. |
1813–1823: two seats
| Years | Cong | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ress | Seat A | Seat B | Representative | Party | Electoral history | Representative | Party | Electoral history | |
| nowrap | March 4, 1813 – | ||||||||
| April 8, 1813 | William Crawford | ||||||||
| (Gettysburg) | Democratic-Republican | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1812. | |||||||
| Re-elected in 1814. | |||||||||
| Lost re-election. | Robert Whitehill | ||||||||
| (Camp Hill) | Democratic-Republican | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1812. | |||||||
| Died. | |||||||||
| nowrap | April 8, 1813 – | ||||||||
| May 11, 1813 | Vacant | ||||||||
| nowrap | May 11, 1813 – | ||||||||
| March 3, 1815 | John Rea | ||||||||
| (Chambersburg) | Democratic-Republican | Elected to finish Whitehill's term. | |||||||
| Retired. | |||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1815 – | ||||||||
| March 3, 1817 | William Maclay | ||||||||
| (Fannettsburg) | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1814. | |||||||
| Re-elected in 1816. | |||||||||
| Retired. | |||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1817 – | ||||||||
| March 3, 1819 | Andrew Boden | ||||||||
| (Carlisle) | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1816. | |||||||
| Re-elected in 1818. | |||||||||
| Retired. | |||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1819 – | ||||||||
| May 15, 1820 | David Fullerton | ||||||||
| (Greencastle) | Democratic-Republican | Elected in 1818. | |||||||
| Resigned. | |||||||||
| nowrap | May 15, 1820 – | ||||||||
| November 13, 1820 | Vacant | ||||||||
| nowrap | November 13, 1820 – | ||||||||
| March 3, 1821 | Thomas Grubb McCullough | ||||||||
| (Chambersburg) | Federalist | Elected October 10, 1820, to finish Fullerton's term and seated November 13, 1820. | |||||||
| Did not run in the same day's election to the next term. | |||||||||
| nowrap | March 4, 1821 – | ||||||||
| December 12, 1821 | Vacant | Representative-elect James Duncan resigned before assembly of Congress. | [[File:JamesMcSherry.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| James McSherry | |||||||||
| (Petersburg) | Federalist | Elected in 1820. | |||||||
| Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | |||||||||
| nowrap | December 12, 1821 – | ||||||||
| March 3, 1823 | John Findlay | ||||||||
| (Chambersburg) | Democratic-Republican | Elected October 9, 1821, to finish Duncan's term and seated December 12, 1821. | |||||||
| Redistricted to the . |
1823–present: one seat
| Member | Party | Years | Cong | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ress | Electoral history | District location | ||||
| Philip Swenk Markley | ||||||
| (Norristown) | Jackson Democratic-Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1823 – | |||
| March 3, 1825 | Elected in 1822. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1824. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | 1823–1833 | |||||
| Anti-Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1825 – | ||||
| March 3, 1827 | ||||||
| John Benton Sterigere | ||||||
| (Norristown) | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1827 – | |||
| March 3, 1831 | Elected in 1826. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1828. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| Joel Keith Mann | ||||||
| (Jenkintown) | Jacksonian | March 4, 1831 – | ||||
| March 3, 1835 | Elected in 1830. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1832. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| 1833–1843 | ||||||
| Jacob Fry Jr. | ||||||
| (Trappe) | Jacksonian | nowrap | March 4, 1835 – | |||
| March 3, 1837 | Elected in 1834. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1836. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1837 – | ||||
| March 3, 1839 | ||||||
| Joseph Fornance | ||||||
| (Norristown) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1839 – | |||
| March 3, 1843 | Elected in 1838. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1840. | ||||||
| Jacob Senewell Yost | ||||||
| (Pottstown) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1843 – | |||
| March 3, 1847 | Elected in 1843. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1844. | ||||||
| 1843–1853 | ||||||
| John Freedley | ||||||
| (Norristown) | Whig | nowrap | March 4, 1847 – | |||
| March 3, 1851 | Elected in 1846. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1848. | ||||||
| John McNair | ||||||
| (Norristown) | Democratic | March 4, 1851 – | ||||
| March 3, 1855 | Elected in 1850. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1852. | ||||||
| 1853–1863 | ||||||
| [[File:John-Cadwalader.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| John Cadwalader | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1855 – | |||
| March 3, 1857 | Elected in 1854. | |||||
| [[File:Owen Jones (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Owen Jones | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1857 – | |||
| March 3, 1859 | Elected in 1856. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| John Wood | ||||||
| (Conshohocken) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1859 – | |||
| March 3, 1861 | Elected in 1858. | |||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| William M. Davis | ||||||
| (Milestown) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1861 – | |||
| March 3, 1863 | Elected in 1860. | |||||
| [[File:MartinRussellThayer headshot.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Martin Russell Thayer | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1863 – | |||
| March 3, 1867 | Elected in 1862. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1864. | ||||||
| Declined to be a candidate for renomination. | 1863–1869 | |||||
| [[File:Caleb Newbold Taylor (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Caleb Newbold Taylor | ||||||
| (Bristol) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1867 – | |||
| March 3, 1869 | Elected in 1866. | |||||
| [[File:JohnRobertsReading.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| John Roberts Reading | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1869 – | |||
| April 13, 1870 | Lost contested election. | 1869–1873 | ||||
| [[File:Caleb Newbold Taylor (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Caleb Newbold Taylor | ||||||
| (Bristol) | Republican | nowrap | April 13, 1870 – | |||
| March 3, 1871 | Won contested election. | |||||
| [[File:Alfred C. Harmer - Brady-Handy.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Alfred C. Harmer | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | March 4, 1871 – | ||||
| March 3, 1875 | Elected in 1870. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1872. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| 1873–1875 | ||||||
| [[File:John Robbins congressman - Brady-Handy.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| John Robbins | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1875 – | |||
| March 3, 1877 | Elected in 1874. | |||||
| Declined to be a candidate for re-election. | 1875–1883 | |||||
| [[File:Alfred C. Harmer - Brady-Handy.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Alfred C. Harmer | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | March 4, 1877 – | ||||
| March 6, 1900 | Elected in 1876. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1878. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1880. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1882. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1884. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1886. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1888. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1890. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1892. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1894. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1896. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1898. | ||||||
| Died. | ||||||
| 1883–1889 | ||||||
| 1889–1893 | ||||||
| 1893–1903 | ||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 6, 1900 – | ||||
| November 6, 1900 | ||||||
| [[File:Edward Morrell (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Edward de Veaux Morrell | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | November 6, 1900 – | ||||
| March 3, 1907 | Elected in 1900. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1902. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1904. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| 1903–1913 | ||||||
| [[File:William W. Foulkrod (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| William Walker Foulkrod | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1907 – | |||
| November 13, 1910 | Elected in 1906. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1908. | ||||||
| Died. | ||||||
| Vacant | nowrap | November 13, 1910 – | ||||
| March 3, 1911 | ||||||
| [[File:Michael Donohoe-PA.png | 100px]] | |||||
| Michael Donohoe | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | March 4, 1911 – | ||||
| March 3, 1915 | Elected in 1910. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1912. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| 1913–1923 | ||||||
| [[File:Peter E. Costello, Pennsylvania Congressman.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Peter E. Costello | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1915 – | |||
| March 3, 1921 | Elected in 1914. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1916. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1918. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| [[File:JamesJConnolly.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| James J. Connolly | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | March 4, 1921 – | ||||
| January 3, 1935 | Elected in 1920. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1922. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1924. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1926. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1928. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1930. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1932. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| 1923–1933 | ||||||
| 1933–1943 | ||||||
| [[File:FrankJosephGerardDorsey.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Frank J. G. Dorsey | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1935 – | |||
| January 3, 1939 | Elected in 1934. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1936. | ||||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| [[File:Fred C. Gartner (Pennsylvania congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Fred C. Gartner | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1939 – | |||
| January 3, 1941 | Elected in 1938. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| [[File:Francis R. Smith (Pennsylvania congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Francis R. Smith | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1941 – | |||
| January 3, 1943 | Elected in 1940. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| [[File:C. Frederick Pracht (U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| C. Frederick Pracht | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1943 – | |||
| January 3, 1945 | Elected in 1942. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | 1943–1945 | |||||
| [[File:William J. Green, Jr. (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| William J. Green Jr. | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1945 – | |||
| January 3, 1947 | Elected in 1944. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | 1945–1953 | |||||
| [[File:George William Sarbacher Jr. (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| George W. Sarbacher Jr. | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1947 – | |||
| January 3, 1949 | Elected in 1946. | |||||
| Lost re-election. | ||||||
| [[File:William J. Green, Jr. (Pennsylvania Congressman).jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| William J. Green Jr. | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | January 3, 1949 – | ||||
| December 21, 1963 | Elected in 1948. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1950. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1952. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1954. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1956. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1958. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1960. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1962. | ||||||
| Died. | ||||||
| 1953–1963 | ||||||
| 1963–1973 | ||||||
| Vacant | December 21, 1963 – | |||||
| April 28, 1964 | ||||||
| [[File:William J. Green.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| William J. Green III | ||||||
| (Philadelphia) | Democratic | nowrap | April 28, 1964 – | |||
| January 3, 1973 | Elected to finish his father's term. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1964. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1966. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1968. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1970. | ||||||
| Redistricted to the . | ||||||
| [[File:John H. Ware III.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| John H. Ware III | ||||||
| (Oxford) | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1973 – | |||
| January 3, 1975 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1972. | |||||
| Retired. | 1973–1983 | |||||
| [[File:Richard Shulze.png | 100px]] | |||||
| Dick Schulze | ||||||
| (Berwyn) | Republican | January 3, 1975 – | ||||
| January 3, 1993 | Elected in 1974. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1976. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1978. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1980. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1982. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1984. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1986. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1988. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 1990. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| 1983–1989 | ||||||
| 1989–1993 | ||||||
| [[File:BillClinger.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| William Clinger | ||||||
| (Warren) | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1993 – | |||
| January 3, 1997 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1992. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1994. | ||||||
| Retired. | 1993–2003 | |||||
| [[File:RepJohnEPetersonPortrait.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| John E. Peterson | ||||||
| (Pleasantville) | Republican | January 3, 1997 – | ||||
| January 3, 2009 | Elected in 1996. | |||||
| Re-elected in 1998. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2000. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2002. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2004. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2006. | ||||||
| Retired. | ||||||
| 2003–2013 | ||||||
| [[File:PA-5th.gif | 200px]] | |||||
| [[File:Glennthompson.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Glenn Thompson | ||||||
| (Howard) | Republican | January 3, 2009 – | ||||
| January 3, 2019 | Elected in 2008. | |||||
| Re-elected in 2010. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2012. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2014. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2016. | ||||||
| Redistricted to the . | ||||||
| 2013–2019 | ||||||
| [[File:Pennsylvania US Congressional District 5 (since 2013).tif | 200px]] | |||||
| [[File:Mary Gay Scanlon, official portrait, 2018.jpg | 100px]] | |||||
| Mary Gay Scanlon | ||||||
| (Swarthmore) | Democratic | January 3, 2019 – | ||||
| present | Redistricted from the and elected to full term in 2018. | |||||
| Re-elected in 2020. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2022. | ||||||
| Re-elected in 2024. | 2019–2023 | |||||
| [[File:Pennsylvania Congressional District 5.png | 200px]] | |||||
| 2023–present | ||||||
| [[File:Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district (since 2023).svg | 200px]] |
Recent election results
References
References
- Geography, US Census Bureau. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)".
- (April 3, 2025). "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)".
- (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices.". The New York Times.
- "DRA 2020".
- "2022 PA Statewides by CD".
- "Legislative District Maps".
- (November 7, 2000). "2000 General Election". [[Pennsylvania Department of State]].
- (November 5, 2002). "2002 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- (November 2, 2004). "2004 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- (November 7, 2006). "2006 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- (November 4, 2008). "2008 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- (November 2, 2010). "2010 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- (November 6, 2012). "2012 General Election". Pennsylvania Department of State.
- "2022 General Election Official Returns - Representative in Congress".
- "2024 General Election Official Returns - Representative in Congress".
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