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List of leaders of Kazakhstan

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Summary

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The president of Kazakhstan is the head of state elected by popular vote to serve a five-year-term. The president appoints the prime minister of Kazakhstan (head of government) and first deputy prime minister.

Leaders of the Kazakh Khanate (Khans) (1465–1874)

Leaders of Kazakhstan (1917–1990)

[[Alash Autonomy]] (1917–1920)

No.Chairman
(birth–death)Term of officePolitical partyRefPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in office
1[[File:Alikhan Bukeikhanov.jpg160x160px]]Alikhan Bukeikhanov
Әлихан Бөкейхан
(1866–1937)13 December 19175 March 1920Alash

Kirghiz Krai (1919–1920)

No.Chairman
(birth–death)Term of officePolitical partyRefPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeChairman of the Revolutionary Committee
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"1[[File:Stanisław Pestkowski.jpg160x160px]]Stanisław Pestkowski
Станислав Пестковский
(1882–1937)10 July 191926 August 2020Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"Sakypkerey Argynshiev (Acting)
Сақыпкерей Арғыншиев
(1887–1938)August 192026 August 2020Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)

[[Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)|Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic]] (1920–1925)

No.Chairman
(birth–death)Term of officePolitical partyRefPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeChairman of the Revolutionary CommitteeChairman of the Central Executive Committee
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"1[[File:Stanisław Pestkowski.jpg160x160px]]Stanisław Pestkowski
Станислав Пестковский
(1882–1937)26 August 192015 September 1920Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"[[File:Coat of arms of the Kirghiz ASSR (Reconstruction) (1921-1925).svg110x110px]]Sakypkerey Argynshiev (Acting)
Сақыпкерей Арғыншиев
(1887–1938)26 August 1920September 1920Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"2[[File:Radus-zenkovich.jpg160x160px]]Viktor Radus-Zenkovich
Виктор Радус-Зенькович
(1877–1967)15 September 192013 October 1920Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"3[[File:Coat of arms of the Kirghiz ASSR (Reconstruction) (1921-1925).svg110x110px]]Seitkali Mendeshev
Виктор Радус-Зенькович
(1887–1938)13 October 192019 April 1925Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"3[[File:Coat of arms of the Kirghiz ASSR (Reconstruction) (1921-1925).svg110x110px]]Zhalau Mynbayev
Жалау Мыңбаев
(1892–1929)19 April 192515 July 1925Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)

[[Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1925–1936)

No.Chairman
(birth–death)Term of officePolitical partyRefPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeChairman of the Central Executive Committee
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"1[[File:Coat of arms of Kazakhstan (1927-1937).svg160x160px]]Zhalau Mynbayev
Жалау Мыңбаев
(1892–1929)15 July 19253 April 1927Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"2[[File:Coat of arms of Kazakhstan (1927-1937).svg160x160px]]Eltai Yernazarov
Елтай Ерназаров
(1887–1945)3 April 19279 January 1935Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"3[[File:Coat of arms of Kazakhstan (1927-1937).svg160x160px]]Uzakbai Kulymbetov
Ұзақбай Құлымбетов
(1891–1938)9 January 19355 December 1936Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)

[[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1936–1991)

First Secretary of the Communist Party

No.Chairman
(birth–death)Term of officePolitical partyRefPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"1Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"2Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"3Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"4Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"5Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"6Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"7Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"8Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"9Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"10Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"11Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"12Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white"13
[[File:Levon Mirzoyan.jpg125px]]Levon Mirzoyan
Левон Мирзоян
(1897–1939)23 April 193723 May 1938Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Oversaw early famine relief and collectivization; arrested in 1938 during Great Purge and executed in February 1939.
[[File:Nikolai Aleksandrovich Skvortsov.jpg125px]]Nikolay Skvortsov
Николай Скворцов
(1899–1974)23 May 193823 July 1945Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Guided the republic through wartime mobilization relocating factories during World War II and post‑war reconstruction.
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg125px]]Gennady Borkov
Геннадий Борков
(1905–1983)23 July 194522 June 1946Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
Served briefly in the immediate post‑war period during demobilization; little else is documented about his short tenure.
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg125px]]Zhumabay Shayakhmetov
Жұмабай Шаяхметов
(1902–1966)22 June 19466 February 1954Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
(Bolsheviks)
First ethnic Kazakh in the post; removed in February 1954 under Khrushchev's reorganizations amid allegations of corruption.
[[File:Anefo 910-7476 Ponomanrenko, (cropped).jpg125px]]Panteleimon Ponomarenko
Пантелеймон Пономаренко
(1902–1984)6 February 19547 May 1955Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Transferred from Byelorussian SSR as a transitional figure after Stalin's death; served just over a year before being reassigned.
[[File:Леонид Брежнев (1952).jpg125px]]Leonid Brezhnev
Леонид Брежнев
(1906–1982)8 May 19556 March 1956Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Promoted from Second Secretary to lead Virgin Lands campaign and Baikonur development; recalled to Moscow in March 1956 after disappointing harvests.
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg125px]]Ivan Yakovlev
Иван Яковлев
(1910–1999)6 March 195626 December 1957Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Elevated from Second to First Secretary during the Khrushchev Thaw; oversaw de‑Stalinization measures and defense‑industry conversion.
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg125px]]Nikolai Belyaev
Николай Беляев
(1903–1966)26 December 195719 January 1960Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Noted for advancing agricultural and economic policies; dismissed in January 1960 due to a downturn in agricultural output and the harsh suppression of the 1959 Temirtau riots.
[[File:Dinmuhkamed Konayev.png125px]]Dinmukhamed Kunaev
Дінмұхамед Қонаев
(1912–1993)19 January 196026 December 1962Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh SSR (1937-1978).svg125px]]Ismail Yusupov
Ысмайыл Юсупов
(1914–2005)26 December 19627 December 1964Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Succeeded Kunaev amid Khrushchev's regional reshuffling; initiated the transfer of several South Kazakhstan regions to the Uzbek SSR and was later dismissed at Brezhnev's suggestion.
[[File:Dinmuhkamed Konayev.png125px]]Dinmukhamed Kunaev
Дінмұхамед Қонаев
(1912–1993)7 December 196416 December 1986Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
After a brief hiatus (replaced in 1962), he returned to lead for over 22 years overseeing massive industrialization and former Virgin Lands efforts and was removed in December 1986 by Gorbachev, causing the Jeltoqsan protests.
[[File:Emblem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1978–1991), Emblem of Kazakhstan (1991–1992).svg125px]]Gennady Kolbin
Геннадий Колбин
(1927–1998)16 December 198622 June 1989Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Appointed by Gorbachev as an outsider with no prior work in Kazakhstan; his imposition sparked the Jeltoqsan protests.
[[File:Nazarbayev Inauguration 1991 (cropped).jpg125px]]Nursultan Nazarbayev
Нұрсұлтан Назарбаев
(1940–)22 June 198928 August 1991Communist Party of the Soviet Union}};"Communist
Last First Secretary; oversaw the exclusion of Article 6 (ending one‑party monopoly) on 24 October 1990 and the transition to the Presidency in April 1990 before office was abolished in September 1991.

Head of state

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)Term of officePolitical partyTook officeLeft officeTime in officeChairman of the Central Executive CommitteeCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"1Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"2Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"3Chairmen of the Supreme SovietCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"4Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme SovietCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"5Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"6Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"7Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"8Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"9Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"10Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"11Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"12Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"13Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"14Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"15Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"16Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"17Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"18Communist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"19Chairmen of the Supreme SovietCommunist Party of the Soviet Union}}; color:white;"20
(1891–1938)5 December 193622 June 1937QKP
Ismail Salvafeka
(?–?)
ActingJune 1937July 1937~1 monthQKP
Alibey Dzhangildin
(1884–1953)July 193728 October 1937~3 monthsQKP
[[File:Umurzakov N.jpg134x134px]]Nurbapa Umirzakov
(1907–1947)28 October 193715 July 1938QKP
(1907–1984)15 July 193817 July 1938QKP
(1898–1959)17 July 1938January 1947~8.5 yearsQKP
(1902–1994)
ActingJanuary 194720 March 1947~2 monthsQKP
[[File:Даниял Керимбаевич Керимбаев.jpg100px]]
(1909–1982)20 March 194723 January 1954QKP
Nurtas Undasynov
(1904–1989)23 January 195419 April 1955QKP
[[File:KZ-2015-50tenge-Tashenev-b-hd.jpg100px]]Zhumabek Tashenev
(1915–1986)19 April 195520 January 1960QKP
Fazyl Karibzhanov
(1912–1960)20 January 196025 August 1960QKP
Kapitalina Krykova
(1914–2002)
Acting25 August 19603 January 1961QKP
Isagali Sharipov
(1906–1976)3 January 19615 April 1965QKP
Sabir Niyazbekov
(1912–1989)5 April 196520 December 1978QKP
Isatay Abdukarimov
(1924–2001)20 December 197814 December 1979QKP
[[File:Имашев С.Н.jpg100px]]Sattar Imashev
(1926–1984)14 December 197922 February 1984QKP
Andrey Plotnikov
(1912–1991)22 February 198422 March 1984QKP
Bayken Ashimov
(1917–2010)22 March 198427 September 1985QKP
Salamat Mukashev
(1927–2004)27 September 19859 February 1988QKP
Zakash Kamalidenov
(1939–2017)9 February 1988December 1988~10 monthsQKP
Vera Sidorova
(1934–2025)December 198810 March 1989~3 monthsQKP
(1929–2012)10 March 198922 February 1990QKP
[[File:Nazarbayev_Inauguration_1991_(cropped).jpg142x142px]]Nursultan Nazarbayev
(born 1940)22 February 199024 April 1990QKP

Presidents of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1990–present)

Main article: List of presidents of Kazakhstan

Political parties

; Symbols

Constitutional referendum

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)ElectedTerm of officePolitical partyTook officeLeft officeTime in officeCommunist Party}} 10.7%, 10.7%); color:white; height:33px"Nur Otan}}; border-style: none; color:white; height:33px"20Nur Otan}}; border-style: none none solid none; color:white; height:33px"Nur Otan}}; border-style: none; color:white; height:33px"Amanat (political party)}} 10%, 14%); border-style: none; color:white; height:33px"21
[[File:Nazarbayev, October 2015.jpg134x134px]]Nursultan Nazarbayev
(born 1940)19901991
19992005
2011
201524 April 199020 March 2019QKP
(1990–1991)Independent
(1991–1999)Otan/Nur Otan(1999–2019)
[[File:President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana 01 (cropped)(b).jpg138x138px]]Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
(born 1953)20 March 201912 June 201984 daysNur Otan(2019–2022)Amanat(March–April 2022)Independent(since 2022)
2019202212 June 2019Incumbent
Independent (politician)}}; border-style: none none solid none; height:33px"

Note

Until 16 December 1991 the head of state was called President of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:13 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late

Colors = id:Independent value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:Alash value:rgb(0.961,0.945,0.137) legend:Alash id:Soviet value:rgb(0.8,0,0) legend:Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union id:Communist value:rgb(1,0,0) legend:Communist_Party_of_Kazakhstan id:Nur-Otan value:rgb(0.11,0.663,0.788) legend:Otan_→_Nur_Otan id:Amanat value:rgb(0.227,0.706,0.678) legend:Amanat id:liteline value:gray(0.8) id:line value:rgb(0.3,0.3,0.3) id:bg value:white

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1917 till:31/12/ TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:6 start:1917 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1917

Legend = columns:1 left:110 top:57 columnwidth:220

Define $now =

TextData = pos:(20,57) textcolor:black fontsize:s text:"Political Affiliation:"

BarData = bar:Bukeikhanov bar:Pestkowski bar:Radus-Zenkovich bar:Zenkovich bar:Aytiyev bar:Mendeshev bar:Mynbaev bar:Ernazarov bar:Kulumbetov bar:Mirzoyan bar:Skvortsov bar:Borkov bar:Shayakhmentov bar:Ponomarenko bar:Brezhnev bar:Yakovlev bar:Belyaev bar:Kunaev bar:Yusupov bar:Kolbin bar:Nazarbayev bar:Tokayev

PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:s shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Bukeikhanov from: 13/12/1917 till: 05/03/1920 color:Alash text:"Alikhan Bukeikhanov" bar:Pestkowski from: 30/04/1919 till: 01/08/1920 color:Soviet text:"Stanisław Pestkowski" bar:Radus-Zenkovich from: 01/08/1920 till: 26/08/1920 color:Soviet text:"Sakhiygirey Radus-Zenkovich" bar:Zenkovich from: 26/08/1920 till: 01/10/1920 color:Soviet text:"Viktor Radus Zenkovich" bar:Aytiyev from: 01/10/1920 till: 12/10/1920 color:Soviet text:"Abdrakhman Aytiyev" bar:Mendeshev from: 12/10/1920 till: 19/04/1925 color:Soviet text:"Seytgali Mendeshev" bar:Mynbaev from: 19/04/1925 till: 15/06/1925 color:Soviet from: 15/06/1925 till: 01/01/1927 color:Soviet text:"Jalau Mynbaev" bar:Ernazarov from: 01/01/1927 till: 11/10/1933 color:Soviet text:"Eltay Ernazarov" bar:Kulumbetov from: 11/10/1933 till: 05/12/1936 color:Soviet text:"Uzakbay Kulumbetov" bar:Mirzoyan from: 05/12/1936 till: 15/05/1938 color:Communist text:"Levon Mirzoyan" bar:Skvortsov from: 15/05/1938 till: 13/07/1945 color:Communist text:"Nikolay Skvortsov" bar:Borkov from: 13/07/1945 till: 22/07/1946 color:Communist text:"Gennady Borkov" bar:Shayakhmentov from: 22/07/1946 till: 06/02/1954 color:Communist text:"Zhumabay Shayakhmetov" bar:Ponomarenko from: 06/02/1954 till: 07/05/1955 color:Communist text:"Panteleimon Ponomarenko" bar:Brezhnev from: 07/05/1955 till: 06/03/1956 color:Communist text:"Leonid Brezhnev" bar:Yakovlev from: 06/03/1956 till: 26/12/1957 color:Communist text:"Ivan Yakovlev" bar:Belyaev from: 26/12/1957 till: 19/01/1960 color:Communist text:"Nikolay Beyaev" bar:Kunaev from: 19/01/1960 till: 26/12/1962 color:Communist from: 07/12/1964 till: 16/12/1986 color:Communist text:"Dinmukhamed Kunaev" bar:Yusupov from: 26/12/1962 till: 07/12/1964 color:Communist text:"Ismail Yusupov" bar:Kolbin from: 16/12/1986 till: 22/06/1989 color:Communist text:"Gennady Kolbin" bar:Nazarbayev from: 22/06/1989 till: 07/09/1991 color:Communist from: 07/09/1991 till: 12/02/1999 color:Independent from: 12/02/1999 till: 20/03/2019 color:Nur-Otan text:"Nursultan Nazarbayev" bar:Tokayev from: 20/03/2019 till: 01/03/2022 color:Nur-Otan from: 01/03/2022 till: 26/04/2022 color:Amanat from: 26/04/2022 till: $now color:Independent text:"Kassym-Jomart Tokayev"

References

References

  1. "The Constitution".
  2. Pannier, Bruce. (11 March 2015). "Kazakhstan's long term president to run in snap election – again". The Guardian.
  3. Chivers, C.J.. (6 December 2005). "Kazakh President Re-elected; voting Flawed, Observers Say". [[The New York Times]].
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