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List of heads of state of Panama

None


None

FieldValue
postPresident
bodythe Republic of Panama
native_namePresidente de la República de Panamá
flagCoat of arms of Panama.svg
flagsize110px
flagcaptionCoat of arms of Panama
insigniaPresidential Flag of Panama.svgborder
insigniasize120px
insigniacaptionPresidential standard
imageJosé Raúl Mulino (호세 라울 물리노) 20241112.jpg
imagesize165px
incumbentJosé Raúl Mulino
incumbentsince1 July 2024
residencePalacio de las Garzas, Panama City
termlengthFive years
termlength_qualifiedrenewable once non-consecutively
constituting_instrumentConstitution of Panama (1972)
formation
inauguralManuel Amador Guerrero
deputyVice President of Panama
salarymonthly
websitePresidencia de la República

This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final secession from Colombia in 1903. Since 1904 the head of state of Panama has been the President of Panama.

List of officeholders

;Political parties

;Other affiliations

;Status

;Symbols Died in office

Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)

No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)Term of officeTitleTook officeLeft officeTime in officeIndependent politician}}; color:black;"1Independent politician}}; color:black;"(1)
[[File:Herrtoma.jpg100px]]Tomás de Herrera
(1804–1854)18 November 18408 June 1841Superior Chief of State
8 June 184131 December 1841President

Republic of Panama (1903–present)

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)Term of officePolitical PartyTook officeLeft officeTime in officeConservative Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"3
[[File:Demetrio H. Brid.jpg100px]]Demetrio H. Brid
(1859–1917)3 November 19034 November 1903PC
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)Term of officePolitical PartyTook officeLeft officeTime in officeNational Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"4Independent politician}}; color:black;"5National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"6National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"7
[[File:Jose-Agustin-Arango.jpg100px]]José Agustín Arango
(1841–1909)4 November 190320 February 1904PLN
[[File:Tomás Arias p319.jpg100px]]Tomás Arias
(1856–1932)Independent
[[File:FBoyd4.jpg100px]]Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)PLN
[[File:Manuel Espinosa Batista, prócer de Panamá.jpg100px]]Manuel Espinosa Batista
(1857–1919)9 November 19037 December 1903PLN
No.PortraitPresident
(Birth–Death)ElectedTerm of officePolitical PartyTook officeLeft officeTime in officeConservative Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"1National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"2Conservative Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(1)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(2)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"3National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"4National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"Conservative Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(3)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(3)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"5National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"6Independent politician}}; color:black;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"7Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"8National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"9Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"10Independent politician}}; color:black;"11National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"12National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"13National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"14Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"(10)Authentic Revolutionary Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"15National Patriotic Coalition}}; color:white;"16National Patriotic Coalition}}; color:white;"17National Patriotic Coalition}}; color:white;"18National Patriotic Coalition}}; color:white;"19National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(14)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"(14)National Liberal Party (Panama)}}; color:white;"20Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"(10)Military rule}}; color:black;"Military rule}}; color:black;"21Independent politician}}; color:black;"Independent politician}}; color:black;"22Independent politician}}; color:black;"23Democratic Revolutionary Party}};Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"24Independent politician}}; color:black;"25Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"26Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"27Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"28Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"29Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"30Democratic Change (Panama)}}; color:white;"31Panameñista Party}}; color:white;"32Democratic Revolutionary Party}}; color:white;"33Realizing Goals}}; color:white;"34
[[File:Portrait of Manuel Amador Guerrero.jpg100px]]Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
First tenure190420 February 1904url=http://www.somospanama.com/personajes/presidentes/amador.phptitle=.:: SomosPanama.com ::.date=2 April 2016url-status=deadarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402144428/http://www.somospanama.com/personajes/presidentes/amador.phparchive-date=2 April 2016access-date=7 April 2018language=es-PA}}PC
[[File:Jose Domingo de Obaldía.jpg100px]]José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
First tenure24 June 190727 December 1907PLN
[[File:Portrait of Manuel Amador Guerrero.jpg100px]]Manuel Amador Guerrero
(1833–1909)
Second tenure29 December 19071 October 1908PC
[[File:Jose Domingo de Obaldía.jpg100px]]José Domingo de Obaldía
(1845–1910)
Second tenure19081 October 19081 March 1910PLN
[[File:Carlos Antonio Mendoza.jpg100px]]Carlos Antonio Mendoza
(1856–1916)
Acting president1 March 19101 October 1910PLN
[[File:FBoyd4.jpg100px]]Federico Boyd
(1851–1924)
Acting president1 October 19105 October 1910PLN
[[File:Pabloarosemena.jpg100px]]Pablo Arosemena
(1836–1920)
Acting president5 October 19101 October 1912PLN
[[File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg100px]]Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
First tenure19121 October 19121 October 1916yearsPLN
[[File:RMvaldes7.jpg100px]]Ramón Maximiliano Valdés
(1867–1918)19161 October 19163 June 1918PLN
[[File:8CiroU.jpg100px]]Ciro Luis Urriola
(1863–1922)
Acting president3 June 19181 October 1918PLN
[[File:Pedro Antonio Díaz.jpg100px]]Pedro Antonio Díaz
(1852–1919)
Acting president1 October 191812 October 1918PC
[[File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg100px]]Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Second tenure191812 October 191830 January 1920PLN
[[File:Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre.jpg100px]]Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre
(1876–1922)
Acting president30 January 19201 October 1920PLN
[[File:Belisario Porras Barahona.jpg100px]]Belisario Porras Barahona
(1856–1942)
Third tenure19201 October 19201 October 1924yearsPLN
[[File:Rodolfo Chiari.jpg100px]]Rodolfo Chiari
(1869–1937)19241 October 19241 October 1928yearsPLN
[[File:El Ingeniero Don Florencio Harmodio Arosemena.jpg100px]]Florencio Harmodio Arosemena
(1872–1945)19281 October 19283 January 1931
(Deposed in a coup)PLN
[[File:Harmodio Arias Madrid.png100px]]Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)
Acting president3 January 193116 January 1931Independent
[[File:Ricardo J. Alfaro.jpg100px]]Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované
(1882–1971)16 January 19315 June 1932PLN
[[File:Harmodio Arias Madrid.png100px]]Harmodio Arias Madrid
(1886–1963)19325 June 19321 October 1936PNR
[[File:Juan Demóstenes Arosemena.jpg100px]]Juan Demóstenes Arosemena
(1879–1939)19361 October 193616 December 1939PLN
[[File:Ezequiel Fernández Jaén.jpg100px]]Ezequiel Fernández
(1886–1946)
Acting president16 December 193918 December 1939PNR
[[File:Augusto Samuel Boyd.jpg100px]]Augusto Samuel Boyd
(1879–1957)
Acting president18 December 19391 October 1940PNR
[[File:Arnulfo Arias Madrid - 1950.jpg100px]]Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
First tenure19401 October 19409 October 1941
(Deposed in a coup)PNR
[[File:Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia.jpg100px]]Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango
(1899–1969)9 October 194115 June 1945Independent
[[File:Dres. Jurado, Jiménez y Alfaro (cropped).jpg100px]]Enrique Adolfo Jiménez
(1888–1970)
Provisional president194515 June 19457 August 1948PLN
[[File:Domingo Díaz Arosemena.jpg100px]]Domingo Díaz Arosemena
(1875–1949)19487 August 194828 July 1949
(Resigned)PLN
[[File:No image.png100px]]Daniel Chanis Pinzón
(1892–1961)28 July 194920 November 1949PLN
[[File:Roberto F. Chiari.jpg100px]]Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
First tenure20 November 194924 November 1949PLN
[[File:Arnulfo Arias Madrid - 1950.jpg100px]]Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Second tenure24 November 19499 May 1951PP
[[File:No image.png100px]]Alcibíades Arosemena
(1883–1958)9 May 19511 October 1952PPA
[[File:Estatua de José Antonio Remón Cantera - Sede de la Policía Nacional de Panamá (2012).jpg100px]]José Antonio Remón Cantera
(1908–1955)19521 October 19522 January 1955
(Assassinated)CPN
[[File:No image.png100px]]José Ramón Guizado
(1899–1964)2 January 195529 March 1955CPN
[[File:Ricardo Arias Espinosa.jpg100px]]Ricardo Arias
(1912–1993)29 March 19551 October 1956CPN
[[File:No image.png100px]]Ernesto de la Guardia
(1904–1983)19561 October 19561 October 1960yearsCPN
[[File:Roberto F. Chiari 1962.jpg100px]]Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Second tenure19601 October 196017 March 1963PLN
[[File:No image.png100px]]Bernardino González Ruiz
(1911–2012)
Acting president17 March 196323 March 1963PAD
[[File:Roberto F. Chiari 1962.jpg100px]]Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón
(1905–1981)
Third tenure23 March 19631 October 1964PLN
[[File:No image.png100px]]Marco Aurelio Robles
(1908–1990)19641 October 19641 October 1968yearsPLN
[[File:A. Arias President of Panama (cropped).jpg100px]]Arnulfo Arias
(1901–1988)
Third tenure19681 October 196811 October 1968
(Deposed in a coup)PP
[[File:No image.png100px]]José María Pinilla Fábrega
(1919–1979)
Chairman of the Provisional Junta
Ruled jointly with Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla11 October 196818 December 1969National Guard
[[File:No image.png100px]]Colonel
Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla
(1918–2005)
Ruled jointly with José María Pinilla Fábrega11 October 196818 December 1969National Guard
[[File:President Demetrio Lakas (cropped).jpg100px]]Demetrio B. Lakas
(1925–1999)
Chairman of the Provisional Junta
from 1969 to 197219 December 196911 October 1972Independent
197211 October 197211 October 1978years
[[File:Aristides Royo (6713987733) (cropped).jpg100px]]Arístides Royo
(born 1940)197811 October 197831 July 1982Independent
(until March 1979)
PRD
[[File:De-la-espriella-crop.jpg100px]]Ricardo de la Espriella
(born 1934)31 July 198213 February 1984PRD
[[File:Jorge Enrique Illueca Sibauste, presidente de Panamá.png100px]]Jorge Illueca
(1918–2012)13 February 198411 October 1984Independent
[[File:Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino.jpg100px]]Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
(born 1938)198411 October 198428 September 1985PRD
[[File:Eric Arturo Delvalle.png100px]]Eric Arturo Delvalle
(1937–2015)
Acting president28 September 198526 February 1988PR
[[File:No image.png100px]]Manuel Solís Palma
(1917–2009)
Acting president26 February 19881 September 1989PRD
[[File:No image.png100px]]Francisco Rodríguez
(born 1938)
Provisional president1 September 198920 December 1989
(Deposed in the US invasion)PRD
[[File:Guillermo Endara 1993.jpg100px]]Guillermo Endara
(1936–2009)198920 December 19891 September 1994PP
[[File:Mr. Ernesto Perez Balladares (cropped).jpg100px]]Ernesto Pérez Balladares
(born 1946)19941 September 19941 September 1999yearsPRD
[[File:Mireya Moscoso in 2012.jpg100px]]Mireya Moscoso
(born 1946)19991 September 19991 September 2004yearsPP
[[File:Panama.MartinTorrijos.01.jpg100px]]Martín Torrijos
(born 1963)20041 September 20041 July 2009PRD
[[File:Ricardo Martinelli Presidente de Panamá.jpg100px]]Ricardo Martinelli
(born 1952)20091 July 20091 July 2014yearsCD
[[File:Juan Carlos Varela (2014).jpg100px]]Juan Carlos Varela
(born 1963)20141 July 20141 July 2019yearsPP
[[File:Laurentino Cortizo at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg100px]]Laurentino Cortizo
(born 1953)20191 July 20191 July 2024yearsPRD
[[File:Ceremonia de transmisión de mando de Panama (cropped).jpg100px]]José Raúl Mulino
(born 1959)20241 July 2024Incumbent
(Term ends on 1 July 2029)RM

Military dictators of Panama (1968–1989)

From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted a dictatorship over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)Term of officeMilitary affiliationNotesTook officeLeft officeTime in officeMilitary rule}}; color:black;"1Military rule}}; color:black;"2Military rule}}; color:black;"3
[[File:Omar Torrijos 1977.jpg100px]]Brigadier-General
Omar Torrijos
(1929–1981)11 October 196831 July 1981National GuardAssumed power in the 1968 coup d'état.
Styled as Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution from 11 October 1968.
Killed in an air crash.
[[File:No image.png100px]]Colonel
Rubén Darío Paredes
(born 1933)3 March 198212 August 1983National Guard
[[File:Manuel Noriega mugshot (3x4 cropped).jpg100px]]General
Manuel Noriega
(1934–2017)12 August 198320 December 1989National GuardStyled as Maximum Leader of the National Liberation from 15 December 1989.
Deposed in the US invasion.
Panama Defense Forces
(from 29 September 1983.)

Timeline

ImageSize = width:1150 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:100 right:150 left:20 AlignBars = late

Colors = id:Independent value:gray(0.8) legend:Independent id:Conservative value:rgb(0.035,0.329,0.71) legend:Conservative_Party id:NatLiberal value:rgb(0.624,0.078,0.059) legend:National_Liberal_Party id:NatRev value:rgb(0.4,0,0.6) legend:National_Revolutionary_Party_→_Panameñista_Party id:Authentic value:rgb(0,0.659,0.349) legend:Authentic_Revolutionary_Party id:PatCoalition value:rgb(0.678,0.847,0.902) legend:National_Patriotic_Coalition id:DemAction value:rgb(0.608,0.263,0.89) legend:Democratic_Action_Party id:Military value:rgb(0.765,0.69,0.569) legend:Armed_Forces_of_Panama id:DemRev value:rgb(0,0.247,0.529) legend:Democratic_Revolutionary_Party id:Republican value:rgb(1,0.647,0) legend:Republican_Party id:DemChange value:rgb(0.165,0.533,0.608) legend:Democratic_Change id:Realizing value:rgb(0.043,0.463,0.753) legend:Realizing_Goals

id:liteline value:gray(0.8) id:line value:rgb(0.3,0.3,0.3) id:bg value:white

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Legend = columns:1 left:110 top:57 columnwidth:220

Define $now =

TextData = pos:(20,57) textcolor:black fontsize:s text:"Political Affiliation:"

BarData = bar:Brid bar:Arango bar:Aris bar:Boyd bar:Batista bar:Guerrero bar:Domingo_de_Obaldía bar:Mendoza bar:Arosemena bar:Porras_Barahona bar:Valdés bar:Urriola bar:Díaz bar:Tisdel_Lefevre bar:Chiari bar:HArosemena bar:Madrid bar:Alfaro_Jované bar:Demóstenes_Arosemena bar:EFernández bar:Samuel_Boyd bar:AArias bar:Guardia_Arango bar:Jiménez bar:Díaz_Arosemena bar:Chanis_Pinzón bar:Chiari_Remón bar:AArosemena bar:Remón_Cantera bar:Guizado bar:RArias bar:Guardia bar:Ruiz bar:Aurelio_Robles bar:Pinilla_Fábrega bar:Urrutia_Parrilla bar:Torrijos bar:Lakas bar:Royo bar:Paredes bar:Espriella bar:Noriega bar:Illueca bar:Barletta_Vallarino bar:Delvalle bar:Solís_Palma bar:FRodríguez bar:Endara bar:Balladares bar:Moscoso bar:MTorrijos bar:Martinelli bar:Varela bar:Cortizo bar:Mulino

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bar:Brid from: 03/11/1903 till: 04/11/1903 color:Conservative text:"Demetrio H. Brid" bar:Arango from: 04/11/1903 till: 20/02/1904 color:NatLiberal text:"José Agustín Arango" bar:Aris from: 04/11/1903 till: 20/02/1904 color:Independent text:"Tomás Arias" bar:Boyd from: 04/11/1903 till: 20/02/1904 color:NatLiberal from: 01/10/1910 till: 05/10/1910 color:NatLiberal text:"Federico Boyd" bar:Batista from: 09/11/1903 till: 07/12/1903 color:NatLiberal text:"Manuel Espinosa Batista bar:Guerrero from: 20/02/1904 till: 23/06/1907 color:Conservative from: 27/12/1907 till: 01/10/1908 color:Conservative text:"Manuel Amador Guerrero" bar:Domingo_de_Obaldía from: 23/06/1907 till: 27/12/1907 color:NatLiberal from: 01/10/1908 till: 01/03/1910 color:NatLiberal text:"José Domingo de Obaldía" bar:Mendoza from: 01/03/1910 till: 01/10/1910 color:NatLiberal text:"Carlos Antonio Mendoza" bar:Arosemena from: 05/10/1910 till: 01/10/1912 color:NatLiberal text:"Pablo Arosemena" bar:Porras_Barahona from: 01/10/1912 till: 01/10/1916 color:NatLiberal from: 12/10/1918 till: 30/01/1920 color:NatLiberal from: 01/10/1920 till: 01/10/1924 color:NatLiberal text:"Belisario Porras Barahona" bar:Valdés from: 01/10/1916 till: 03/06/1918 color:NatLiberal text:"Ramón Maximiliano Valdés" bar:Urriola from: 03/06/1918 till: 01/10/1918 color:NatLiberal text:"Ciro Luis Urriola" bar:Díaz from: 01/10/1918 till: 12/10/1918 color:Conservative text:"Pedro Antonio Díaz" bar:Tisdel_Lefevre from: 30/01/1920 till: 01/10/1920 color:NatLiberal text:"Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre" bar:Chiari from: 01/10/1924 till: 01/10/1928 color:NatLiberal text:"Rodolfo Chiari" bar:HArosemena from: 01/10/1928 till: 03/01/1931 color:NatLiberal text:"Florencio Harmodio Arosemena" bar:Madrid from: 03/01/1931 till: 16/01/1931 color:Independent from: 05/06/1932 till: 01/10/1936 color:NatRev text:"Harmodio Arias Madrid" bar:Alfaro_Jované from: 16/01/1931 till: 05/06/1932 color:NatLiberal text:"Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované" bar:Demóstenes_Arosemena from: 01/10/1936 till: 16/12/1939 color:NatLiberal text:"Juan Demóstenes Arosemena" bar:EFernández from: 18/12/1939 till: 18/12/1939 color:NatRev text:"Ezequiel Fernández" bar:Samuel_Boyd from: 18/12/1939 till: 01/10/1940 color:NatRev text:"Augusto Samuel Boyd" bar:AArias from: 01/10/1940 till: 09/10/1941 color:NatRev from: 24/11/1949 till: 09/05/1951 color:NatRev from: 01/10/1968 till: 11/10/1968 color:NatRev text:"Arnulfo Arias" bar:Guardia_Arango from: 09/10/1941 till: 15/06/1945 color:Independent text:"Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango" bar:Jiménez from: 15/06/1945 till: 07/08/1948 color:NatLiberal text:"Enrique Adolfo Jiménez" bar:Díaz_Arosemena from: 07/08/1948 till: 28/07/1949 color:NatLiberal text:"Domingo Díaz Arosemena" bar:Chanis_Pinzón from: 28/07/1949 till: 20/11/1949 color:NatLiberal text:"Daniel Chanis Pinzón" bar:Chiari_Remón from: 20/11/1949 till: 24/11/1949 color:NatLiberal from: 01/10/1960 till: 17/03/1963 color:NatLiberal from: 23/03/1963 till: 01/10/1964 color:NatLiberal text:"Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón" bar:AArosemena from: 09/05/1951 till: 01/10/1952 color:Authentic text:"Alcibíades Arosemena" bar:Remón_Cantera from: 01/10/1952 till: 02/01/1955 color:PatCoalition text:"José Antonio Remón Cantera" bar:Guizado from: 02/01/1955 till: 29/03/1955 color:PatCoalition text:"José Ramón Guizado" bar:RArias from: 29/03/1955 till: 01/10/1956 color:PatCoalition text:"Ricardo Arias" bar:Guardia from: 01/10/1956 till: 01/10/1960 color:PatCoalition text:"Ernesto de la Guardia" bar:Ruiz from: 17/03/1963 till: 23/03/1963 color:DemAction text:"Bernardino González Ruiz" bar:Aurelio_Robles from: 01/10/1964 till: 01/10/1968 color:NatLiberal text:"Marco Aurelio Robles" bar:Pinilla_Fábrega from: 11/10/1968 till: 18/12/1969 color:Military text:"José María Pinilla Fábrega" bar:Urrutia_Parrilla from: 11/10/1968 till: 18/12/1969 color:Military text:"Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla" bar:Torrijos from: 11/10/1968 till: 31/07/1981 color:Military text:"Omar Torrijos (de facto)" bar:Lakas from: 18/12/1969 till: 11/10/1978 color:Independent text:"Demetrio B. Lakas" bar:Royo from: 11/10/1978 till: 31/07/1982 color:DemRev text:"Arístides Royo" bar:Paredes from: 03/03/1982 till: 12/08/1983 color:Military text:"Rubén Darío Paredes (de facto)" bar:Espriella from: 31/07/1982 till: 13/02/1984 color:DemRev text:"Ricardo de la Espriella" bar:Noriega from: 12/08/1983 till: 20/12/1989 color:Military text:"Manuel Noriega (de facto)" bar:Illueca from: 13/02/1984 till: 11/10/1984 color:Independent text:"Jorge Illueca" bar:Barletta_Vallarino from: 11/10/1984 till: 28/09/1985 color:DemRev text:"Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino" bar:Delvalle from: 28/09/1985 till: 26/02/1988 color:Republican text:"Eric Arturo Delvalle" bar:Solís_Palma from: 26/02/1988 till: 01/09/1989 color:DemRev text:"Manuel Solís Palma" bar:FRodríguez from: 01/09/1989 till: 20/12/1989 color:DemRev text:"Francisco Rodríguez" bar:Endara from: 20/12/1989 till: 01/09/1994 color:NatRev text:"Guillermo Endara" bar:Balladares from: 01/09/1994 till: 01/09/1999 color:DemRev text:"Ernesto Pérez Balladares" bar:Moscoso from: 01/09/1999 till: 01/09/2004 color:NatRev text:"Mireya Moscoso" bar:MTorrijos from: 01/09/2004 till: 01/07/2009 color:DemRev text:"Martín Torrijos" bar:Martinelli from: 01/07/2009 till: 01/07/2014 color:DemChange text:"Ricardo Martinelli" bar:Varela from: 01/07/2014 till: 01/07/2019 color:NatRev text:"Juan Carlos Varela" bar:Cortizo from: 01/07/2019 till: 01/07/2024 color:DemRev text:"Laurentino Cortizo" bar:Mulino from: 01/07/2024 till: $now color:Realizing text:"José Raúl Mulino"

Latest election

Main article: 2024 Panamanian general election

References

References

  1. (22 June 2017). "Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage". Latin Post.
  2. (2 April 2016). ".:: SomosPanama.com ::.".
  3. (July 2024). "General Election 2024, Election of the President".
  4. "TE Presents Final Electoral Census".
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