Surf Wiki
Save to docs
history/military

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Libyan Army

Military forces in Libya

Military forces in Libya

FieldValue
unit_nameLibyan Army
native_nameرئاسة الأركان العامة للجيش الليبي
dates1951
country
typeArmy
roleLand warfare
colorsBlack, red
commander1Mohamed al-Menfi
commander1_labelCommander-in Chief
commander2Salaheddine al-Namroush (acting)
commander2_labelChief of General Staff
notable_commanders

Since the outbreak of the Libyan civil war in 2011, the unified pre-war Gaddafi armed forces dissolved. The pre-war Libyan Army () no longer exists.

The Libyan Armed Forces dissolved in the course of the first Libyan civil war from 2011, and after the second civil war, armed groups in Libya are generally divided between the Government of National Accord (GNA) based in Tripoli, which has a collection of militias, and Khalifa Haftar's "Libyan National Army" in and around Benghazi.

GNA forces have been fighting against various other factions in Libya, including the Islamic State. Most of the forces under the Tripoli government's command consist of various militia groups, such as the Tripoli Protection Force, and local factions from cities like Misrata and Zintan.

Factions

Libya is divided between the GNA in the west; the LNA in the east; and other factions. The Libyan National Army (LNA) evolved following the fall of Muammar Gaddafi. In 2014, the LNA came under the control of Khalifa Haftar and the House of Representatives, whose geographical location is in the eastern Libyan city of Tobruk.

In 2017, there was no truly unified army or air force under the Presidential Council's command, and only the Libyan Navy was fully operating under the GNA's control. The Tripoli government aimed to integrate many different militia groups into a regular command structure, and created a Presidential Guard. Prime Minister Sarraj hold the role of supreme commander of the army. The Libyan Army is commanded by the GNA Defense Ministry, which was initially led by Colonel Al-Mahdi Al-Barghathi from 2016 until he was removed in July 2018, at which point GNA Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj took on the role of defense minister. The Chief of the General Staff was Major General Abdel Rahman al-Taweel, from September 2017 until his removal in February 2019, being replaced by Lieutenant General Mohammed al-Shareef.

2017–2018

Since the establishment of the Government of National Accord in 2016 clashes continued to occur between different factions in Tripoli nominally loyal to the new UN-backed unity government, leaving hundreds dead. Khalifa al-Ghawil proclaimed the creation of a new government consisting of the former General National Congress. Elements of the Presidential Guard defected to the rebels and took over key buildings in the capital. Pro-GNA forces eventually were able to defeat the GNC coup attempt. Around mid-2017, militias allied to the GNA fully secured the capital. In August 2018 fighting broke out between different groups in Tripoli that were all nominally subordinated to the GNA's defense ministry, forcing Prime Minister Sarraj to call in other militias from different towns outside the capital. A unit called the 7th Brigade had rebelled, leading to its dissolution.

2019

On 6 April 2019, a joint operations room was formed in response to Khalifa Haftar's attack on Tripoli to coordinate their military forces. It is led by Western military zone commander Osama al-Juwaili and includes the heads of the Tripoli and Central military zones, the Counter-Terrorism Force, and representatives from the Presidential Guard and Military Intelligence Bureau.

In response to a common interest in defending Tripoli against the LNA, the armed militias that in mid 2019 composed the armed forces of the GNA coordinated with one another mainly by agreement among armed group commanders rather than by the official command structure. The militias remained mostly autonomous in decision-making while formally being integrated into the GNA chain of command. Lacher Wolfram, writing in a Security Assessment in North Africa publication, described this as "bottom-up integration" and a "remarkable development" that "could potentially serve as a starting point for the creation of properly integrated forces ... [with] loyalty to a unified command structure".

Military zones

On 1 June 2017, the GNA announced the creation of seven military zones throughout Libya. They include Tripoli, Benghazi, Tobruk, Sabha (Southern), Kufra, Central (from Misrata to Zuwetina), and Western (west of Tripoli to Jebel Nafusa) . The commanders of each zone were responsible for training and preparation of the forces in their area and answered to the Libyan army chief of staff. Not all of the territories accounted for were under the GNA's control at the time.

The leaders of the military zones are as follows.

  • Tripoli: Maj. Gen. Abdel Basset Marwan (from 14 March 2018) – Militia leader from Tripoli.
  • Western: Maj. Gen. Osama al-Juwaili (from 4 June 2017) – Zintan military council leader.
  • Central: Maj. Gen. Mohammed Ali Ahmed al-Haddad (from 4 June 2017) – Halbous Brigade leader from Misrata.
  • Southern (Sabha): Ali Kanna (from 6 February 2019) – Tuareg militia leader.
  • Kufra: Brig. Belgasim al-Abaj – tribal leader from Kufra.

Known units

  • Tripoli Protection Force
  • Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries
  • Libya Shield Force
  • Petroleum Facilities Guard
  • Tuareg militias in Fezzan
  • Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade
  • Abu Saleem Central Security Force
  • Omar Mukhtar force: 2000 Syrian National Army mercenaries funded at per month arriving in December 2019/January 2020; 650 arrived in Libya by 29 December and deployed to frontline positions in East Tripoli.
  • Turkish military advisory personnel: 35

Allies

One of the GNA main ally is Turkey. Turkey had deployed weapons and equipment to GNA troops even before the Government of National Accord (GNA) requested Turkish military support in December 2019. Turkey's engagement for the GNA is linked to its broader strategic interests in the Eastern Mediterranean: in November, Turkey and GNA leader Fayez al-Sarraj signed a defense cooperation deal. At the same time GNA and Turkey agreed one on maritime boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, where Turkey is locked in a dispute with regional rivals Greece, Cyprus, Egypt and Israel over access to sea regions rich in natural gas.

Equipment

Weapons

ModelimagetypeCalibreQuantityOriginNotesPistolSubmachine gunShotgunBattle rifle and assault rifleSniper rifleMachine gunGrenade-based weaponAnti-tank weapons
TT-33[[File:TT 33 Pistol.jpg210x210px]]Semi-automatic pistol7.62×25mm Tokarev
Makarov PM[[File:Пистолет Макарова.png210x210px]]Semi-automatic pistol9×18mm Makarov
last1=Jenzen-Jonesfirst1=N.R.last2=McCollumfirst2=Iantitle=Web Trafficking: Analysing the Online Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Libyaurl=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdfurl-status=deadarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516085143/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdfarchive-date=2017-05-16website=Small Arms Survey}}[[File:FN_Hi_Power.jpg210x210px]]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum
Glock 17[[File:GLOCK 17 Gen 4 Pistol MOD 45160305.jpg210x210px]]Automatic Pistol9×19mm Parabellum
SAR 9[[File:HK-SFP9 LSH.JPG210x210px]]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum
Caracal F[[File:Caracal F.JPG210x210px]]Semi-automatic pistol9x19mm ParabellumPurchased and issued to the Ministry of Interior of Libya staff.
Heckler & Koch MP5[[File:Heckler Koch MP5.jpg210x210px]]Submachine gun9×19mm Parabellum
FN P90[[File:P90 Official No Bg.png210x210px]]Submachine gunFN 5.7×28mm
Benelli M4 Super 90[[File:Benelli m4 2.jpg210x210px]]Semi-automatic shotgun12 gauge1800ItalyAn order were delivered prior of the start of the Libyan revolution of 2011, later used by Libyan special forces.
Winchester Model 1200[[File:Winchester 1200 Defender.png210x210px]]Pump-action shotgun12 gauge
MPT-55[[File:Turkish mpt 55 silhouette.png210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATOMPT-55K assault rifles supplied by Turkey.
title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010date=January 27, 2009publisher=Jane's Information Groupisbn=978-0-7106-2869-5editor1-last=Joneseditor1-first=Richard D.edition=35thlocation=Coulsdoneditor2-last=Nesseditor2-first=Leland S.}}[[File:HK G3.jpg210x210px]]Battle rifle7.62×51mm NATO
M4A1[[File:M4A1-flattop.png210x210px]]Carbine5.56×45mm NATO
M16[[File:M16A1 brimob.jpg210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO
Heckler & Koch G36[[File:Gewehr G36 noBG.png210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO600G36 (variants KV and E) were legally sold from Egypt in 2003, pressumably used by the Khamis Brigade/Special Forces (although this remains unclear), anti-Gaddafi forces, most notably the Tripoli Brigade, would later capture an unknown number of stockpiled G36 from the Bab al-Azizia armory.
AK-47[[File:AK-47 type II noBG.png210x210px]]Assault rifle7.62×39mm
title=Jane's infantry weapons, 2009-2010date=2009publisher=Jane's Information Groupothers=Richard, August 14- Jones, Leland S. Nessisbn=978-0-7106-2869-5edition=35location=Coulsdonoclc=769660119}}[[File:AKM automatkarbin - 7,62x39mm.jpg210x210px]]Assault rifle7.62×39mm
AK-103[[File:AK-103.JPG210x210px]]Assault rifle7.62×39mmFormerly used by Gaddafi Loyalists and later captured by anti-Gaddafi forces.
PM md. 63[[File:An Afghan Uniformed Police officer fires his AK-47 assault rifle at his assigned target while a Czech military police instructor watches and assists him on Swanson Small-Arms Range, Forward Operations Base 120201-A-BZ540-039.jpgframeless211x211px]]Assault rifle7.62×39mm
Zastava M70[[File:Zastava M70 AB2 noBG.png210x210px]]Assault rifle7.62×39mmYugoslavia
Norinco CQ[[File:NORINCO Type CQ 5'56x45mm assault rifle.jpg210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATOChinese unlicensed copy of M16 rifle, used by the National Liberation Army.
Type 65[[File:TwT65.JPG210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATOTaiwanTaiwanese copy of the M16 rifle
Beretta AR70/90[[File:Beretta AR70 noBG.png210x210px]]Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO
FN F2000[[File:FN F2000S noBG.png210x210px]]Bullpup assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO367Purchased from FN Herstal in 2008, delivery commenced in 2009, during the Libyan Civil War of 2011, Libyan rebels captured an unknown number of F2000 from Gaddafi loyalists.
FN FAL[[File:FN-FAL belgian noBG.png210x210px]]Battle rifle7.62×51mm NATO
Barrett M82[[File:Barrett-M82A1-Independence-Day-2017-IZE-048-white.jpg210x210px]]Anti-materiel rifle.50 BMG
SVD Dragunov[[File:SVD Dragunov-removebg-preview.png210x210px]]Sniper rifle7.62×54mmR
PSL[[File:Psl sniper rifle.jpeg210x210px]]Sniper rifle7.62×54mmRFormerly used by anti-Gaddafi forces.
PK[[File:PKM Machine Gun Iraq.jpgframeless205x205px]]General-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR
RPKLight machine gun7.62×39mm
RPD[[File:LMG-RPD-44.jpg210x210px]]Light machine gun7.62×39mm
FN Minimi[[File:FN MINIMI Standard Right.jpg210x210px]]Light machine gun5.56×45mm NATO
FN MAG[[File:FN MAG white background.jpg210x210px]]General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO
M2 Browning[[File:M2 machine gun at Musee de l Armee-IMG 7566-white.jpg210x210px]]Heavy machine gun.50 BMG
DShK[[File:Mitraliera DShK UM Cugir.jpg210x210px]]Heavy machine gun12.7×108mm
GM-94[[File:Гранатомет ГМ-94 - Интерполитех-2012 01.jpg210x210px]]Pump-action grenade launcher43×30mmUsed by anti-Gaddafi forces.
Daewoo K4[[File:K-4 Auto Grenade Launcher.jpg210x210px]]Automatic grenade launcher40×53mmFirst export customer
RPG-7[[File:Rpg-7.jpg210x210px]]Rocket-propelled grenade launcher40 mmUsed by both sides durning the Libyan Civil War.
M40[[File:M40 105 mm RR.jpg210x210px]]Recoilless rifle105 mmUS, Chinese and Iran made variants used.
SPG-9[[File:Spg 9 from libya.jpg210x210px]]Recoilless rifle73 mm smoothbore
9M14 Malyutka[[File:AT-3A Sagger missile.JPG210x210px]]Anti-tank guided missile125 mm
9K115 Metis[[File:POLK 9K115 Metis.jpg210x210px]]Anti-tank guided missile94 mmSupplied by Turkey to the GNA.
MILAN[[File:MILAN-VBLA.jpg210x210px]]Anti-tank guided missile115 mm
Supplied by Qatar during the 2011 Libyan Civil War.

Artillery

NameImageTypeOriginQuantityNotesRocket artillerySelf-propelled howitzerTowed howitzerMortarAnti-aircraft systems
Type 63 multiple rocket launcher[[File:H12 Type 63 multiple rocket launcher.JPG210x210px]]107mm MLRS1+Some were captured from the LNA.
BM-21 Grad[[File:Russian BM-21 Grad in Saint Petersburg.JPG210x210px]]122mm MLRS4+Some were captured from the LNA.
T-122 Sakarya[[File:RoketsanIDEF2015 (6).JPG210x210px]]122mm MLRS20+Supplied by Turkey
2S1 Gvozdika[[File:6742 - Moscow - Poklonnaya Hill - Tank.JPG210x210px]]122mm1+Formerly used by Gaddafi forces. Some were captured from the LNA.
Palmaria[[File:VCA Palmaria 155 mm.JPG210x210px]]155mm9+Some were captured from the LNA.
T-155 Fırtına[[File:Firtina obus kzlsngr.JPG210x210px]]155mmtitle=Turkey continues to send arms to Libya in violation of UN Security Council resolutions - Nordic Monitorurl=https://nordicmonitor.com/2022/06/turkey-continued-to-send-arms-to-libya-in-breach-of-un-security-council-resolutions/website=Nordic Research and Monitoring Networkaccess-date=18 June 2023date=23 June 2022}}
M114[[File:MAFM M114(M1) 155 mm Towed Howitzer.jpg210x210px]]155mmtitle=From Türkiye With Love: Tracking Turkish Military Donationsurl=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/12/from-turkiye-with-love-tracking-turkish.htmlaccess-date=2022-10-07website=Oryx}}
D-30[[File:122 mm Howitzer D-30 2017-12-24.JPG210x210px]]122mm2+Some were captured from the LNA.
M-46[[File:M46 130mm Gun of the Army of Republika Srpska.JPEG210x210px]]130mm6Captured from the LNA.
M1938[[File:Mortar-batey-haosef-3-2.jpg210x210px]]120mmUnknownUsed by anti-Gaddafi Forces during the 2011 Libyan Civil War.
ZPU[[File:Soviet-built ZPU-4 anti-aircraft machine gun.JPEG210x210px]]14.5mm Anti-aircraft gunUsed by both sides durning the 2011 Libyan Civil War. Mounted on technicals.
ZU-23-2[[File:Ali Hassan al-Jaber Brigade.jpg210x210px]]23mm Anti-aircraft gunMounted on technicals.
ZSU-23-4[[File:ZSU 23-4 'Shilka' mobile anti-aircraft vehicle - Museum of Army Flying, Hampshire, England.jpg210x210px]]23mm Self-propelled anti-aircraft gunUsed by both sides durning the 2011 Libyan Civil War.
KORKUT35mm Self-propelled anti-aircraft gunSupplied by Turkey.
QW-13[[File:QW-12_MANPADS_Army-2022_2022-08-20_2261.jpg210x210px]]Man-portable air-defense system
MIM-23 Hawk[[File:Romanian MIM-23 Hawk.jpg210x210px]]Medium-range Surface-to-air missile systemSupplied by Turkey.
Hisar O+[[File:Rocketlauncer.jpgframeless210x210px]]Medium-range Surface-to-air missile systemSupplied by Turkey to replace MIM-23 Hawk.

Vehicles

ModelImageOriginVariantNumberDetailsMain battle tanksInfantry fighting vehiclesArmored carsArmoured personnel carriersMilitary engineering vehiclesTank destroyersTrucks
T-54/T-55[[File:T-55_4.jpg210x210px]]
T-55A
T-55E59+Some were captured from the LNA.
T-62[[File:Soviet T-62M MBT Standard Battle Tank (28072746444).jpg210x210px]]
T-62M
T-62MV20Captured from LNA forces.
T-72[[File:ParkPatriot2015part2-19.jpg210x210px]]T-72
T-72M13+Some were captured from LNA forces.
M60 Patton[[File:Egyptian Army M60A1 tank.jpg210x210px]]
M60A13title=M60 tanks transferred to Libyaurl=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/m60-tanks-transferred-to-libyawebsite=Janes.comaccess-date=18 June 2023language=en}}
home made tanks in Zawiya, LibyaLibya?home made from 2015 to fight against Islamic States
BMP-1[[File:Tanks outside of Misrata (18) (8289625370).jpg210x210px]]Some were captured from the LNA.
BMP-2[[File:BMP-2 - TankBiathlon14part1-12.jpg210x210px]]
Ratel IFV[[File:SANDF Armed Forces Day 2017 - South African Army Ratel IFV (32921886001).jpg210x210px]]South Africa Republic of South Africa (1961–1994)Ratel 20
Ratel 602Captured from the LNA.
EE-9 Cascavel[[File:EE-9 Cascavel 2 in the Musée des Blindés, France, pic-5.JPG210x210px]]Brazil Military dictatorship in Brazil2+Some were captured from the LNA.
FNSS ACV-15[[File:RoketsanIDEF2015 (13).JPG210x210px]]ACV-AAPCSupplied by Turkey.
Steyr 4K-7FA
Mbombe 6[[File:Mbombe-infanteriegevegsvoertuig,_Waterkloof_Lugmagbasis.jpg210x210px]]
KADDB Al-Wahsh[[File:Royal Tank Museum 98.jpg210x210px]]5+Captured from the LNA.
BMC Kirpi[[File:Patrouille turque Kobané 5 novembre 2019.jpg210x210px]]Kirpi IISupplied by Turkey.
BMC Vuran[[File:Kirpi.jpg210x210px]]Supplied by Turkey.
Lenco BearCat[[File:Cleveland Police SWAT-Rescue Lenco Bearcat G3 - Ohio (52915399058).jpg210x210px]]G3
Nimr[[File:AJBAN_440A_-_IDET_2017_(1).JPG210x210px]]Ajban1+Captured from the LNA.
STREIT Group Cougar[[File:Kraz-Cougar.jpg210x210px]]/
}4Captured from the LNA.
STREIT Group Spartan[[File:Spartan-APC UAE Desert Sand.jpg210x210px]]/
3Captured from the LNA.
Panthera T6[[File:UA 47th bde Panthera T6.jpg210x210px]]3Captured from the LNA.
Panthera F9[[File:Сирийский перелом в Новосибирске 21.jpg210x210px]]/
1Captured from the LNA.
HMMWV[[File:High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV).tiff210x210px]]3+Part of a batch of 200 vehicles sent by the US to Libya in 2012. Some were captured from the LNA.
Centurion AVRE[[File:Centurion-AVRE-165-Fosgene.jpg210x210px]]AVRE 105
9P157-2 Khrizantema-S[[File:Oboronexpo2014part3-33.jpg210x210px]]
Toyota Land Cruiser[[File:Toyota Land Cruiser 16.09.20 JM (3).jpg210x210px]]HZJ 79Used as technicals.
Iveco Trakker[[File:Bangladesh Army Iveco 380 prime mover (24456581804).jpg210x210px]]Trakker 3801Captured from the LNA.
KAMAZ[[File:KAMAZ-5350 military truck of Russia.jpg210x210px]]?2Captured from the LNA.

References

References

  1. "Libyans United In Grief For Army Chief Killed In Plane Crash".
  2. Ali H. M.Abo Rezeg (20 March 2018). [https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/cairo-eyes-unification-of-libyan-military-establishment/1094591 Cairo eyes unification of Libyan military establishment]. [[Anadolu Agency]].
  3. Nicholas Norbrook (22 June 2016). [https://www.theafricareport.com/1282/libyan-army-gains-ground-against-is-in-sirte/ Libyan army gains ground against IS in Sirte]. ''[[The Africa Report]]''.
  4. Wehrey, Frederic (19 March 2019). [https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2019/03/19/a-minister-a-general-militias-libyas-shifting-balance-of-power/ A Minister, a General, and the Militias: Libya's Shifting Balance of Power]. ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''.
  5. [https://www.france24.com/en/20180831-libya-dozens-killed-days-clashes-near-capital-tripoli-militias Dozens dead after days of clashes near Libyan capital]. [[France24]]. Published 31 August 2018.
  6. [https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/09/01/serraj-appoints-chief-of-staff/ Serraj appoints military chief of staff]. ''Libya Herald''. Published 1 September 2017.
  7. Lewis, Aidan (31 August 2016). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKCN1162RO Libyan forces prepare for last push against Islamic State in Sirte]. ''[[Reuters]]''.
  8. Szuba, Jared (5 April 2019). [https://thedefensepost.com/2019/04/05/libya-haftar-lna-advances-tripoli/ Haftar's Libyan National Army advances on Tripoli as western militias mobilize]. ''The Defense Post''.
  9. [http://www.libyatimes.net/news/112-pro-karah-officer-tipped-for-top-military-post Pro-Karah Office Tipped for Top Military Post]. ''The Libya Times''. Published 14 March 2018.
  10. [https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/pc-president-forms-joint-military-operations-room-war-rocks-tripoli-yet-again PC President forms joint military operations room as war rocks Tripoli yet again] {{Webarchive. link. (24 April 2019 . ''Libya Observer''. Published 6 April 2019.)
  11. Ayyub, Saber.[http://www.marsad.ly/en/2016/01/21/opposing-reactions-to-appointment-of-unity-governments-defence-minister/ Opposing reactions to appointment of unity government’s defence minister] {{webarchive. link. (18 August 2016 . ''Libya Herald''. Published 21 January 2016.)
  12. [https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libyan-presidential-council-gives-its-defense-minister-sack Libyan Presidential Council gives its Defense Minister the sack] {{Webarchive. link. (22 April 2019 . ''Libya Observer''. Published 29 July 2018.)
  13. [https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/lieutenant-general-mohammed-al-sharif-takes-office-libyas-chief-staff Lieutenant General Mohammed Al-Sharif takes office as Libya's Chief of Staff]. ''Libya Observer''. Published 14 March 2019.
  14. "Clashes erupt in Libyan capital". [[The Washington Post]].
  15. "Rival group seizes Libya's UN-backed government offices".
  16. (16 October 2016). "Presidential Guard defects and pledges allegiance to Al-Ghweil Salvation Government".
  17. (15 March 2017). "Ceasefire reached in Tripoli after three days of bloody fighting". Libyan Express.
  18. (15 March 2017). "Libya govt forces overrun Tripoli militia headquarters". Arab News.
  19. (30 August 2018). "Notorious militia leader returns to ignite Libya conflict".
  20. (2019 <!--). "Who is fighting whom in Tripoli? How the 2019 civil war is transforming Libya's military landscape".
  21. [https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/06/01/pc-decides-to-divide-the-country-into-seven-military-zones/ PC decides to divide the country into seven military zones]. ''Libya Herald''. 1 June 2017.
  22. [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20170602-libya-to-be-divided-into-7-military-zones/ Libya to be divided into 7 military zones]. ''[[Middle East Monitor]]''. Published 2 June 2017.
  23. Mahmoud, Khalid (27 May 2018). [https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1281651/libya-sarraj-discusses-situation-south Libya: Sarraj Discusses Situation in South]. ''[[Asharq al-Awsat]]''.
  24. [https://www.libyaherald.com/2017/06/04/pc-appoints-military-commanders/ PC appoints military commanders]. ''Libya Herald''. Published 4 June 2017.
  25. [https://www.panapress.com/Fayez-al-Sarraj-parleys-with-som-a_630577245-lang2-free_news.html Fayez al-Sarraj parleys with some Libyan military commanders]. [[PanaPress]]. Published 4 March 2019.
  26. [https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/libya-al-sirraj-appoints-ali-kanna-commander-sabha-military-zone Libya: Al-Sirraj appoints Ali Kanna commander of Sabha military zone]. ''Libya Observer''. Published 6 February 2019.
  27. [https://www.libyaherald.com/2018/05/02/kufra-tribes-gather-for-peace-and-vow-support-to-lna/ Kufra tribes gather for peace and vow support to LNA]. ''Libya Herald''. Published 2 May 2018.
  28. Carlino, Ludovico (7 February 2019). [https://www.janes.com/article/86223/appointment-of-anti-lna-commander-in-southern-libya-indicates-tripoli-s-intent-to-recover-territory-taken-by-the-lna Appointment of anti-LNA commander in southern Libya indicates Tripoli’s intent to recover territory taken by the LNA]. ''[[Jane's]]''.
  29. [http://www.addresslibya.com/en/archives/41192 Dabbashi: Ali Kanna wanted to grant Libyan nationality to Malian Tuaregs in 2011] {{Webarchive. link. (23 April 2019 . ''Address Libya''. Published 7 February 2019.)
  30. (27 May 2017). "Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade seizes Hadba Prison, kills two guards as fighting intensifies". Libyan Express.
  31. (16 December 2016). "Renewed militia clashes shake Tripoli". Libya Herald.
  32. (2020-01-15). "Exclusive: 2,000 Syrian fighters deployed to Libya to support government". [[The Guardian]].
  33. "Turkish parliament approves sending troops to Libya". DW.
  34. Jones, Richard D.. (5 January 2009). "Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010". Jane's Information Group.
  35. "Libyan Makarov".
  36. "Web Trafficking: Analysing the Online Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Libya".
  37. (9 March 2015). "Arms diversion in Libya: An update". [[Armament Research Services]] (ARES).
  38. Fux, Eric. (2011-05-01). "ANALYSE » Blog Archive » Bericht van het front in Libië".
  39. "Benelli M4 Super 90 (M1014 JSCS)".
  40. Giorgio Beretta Mercoledì. (2011-02-27). "L'Italia ha inviato 11mila Beretta semiautomatici al regime di Gheddafi".
  41. "Winchester Model 1200".
  42. (January 27, 2009). "Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010". Jane's Information Group.
  43. "Libya - SALW Guide".
  44. "Gewehre kommen aus Ägypten".
  45. "Rebellen nutzen G36-Gewehre".
  46. "Heckler & Koch schickt Ermittler".
  47. "Regierung sieht keine Fehler".
  48. "G36 in use by Trippoli Bridade".
  49. Rottman, Gordon L.. (2011-05-24). "The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles". Osprey Publishing.
  50. (2009). "Jane's infantry weapons, 2009-2010". Jane's Information Group.
  51. Jenzen-Jones, N. R.. (2011-10-31). "Update II: AK-103 Exports to Libya".
  52. ""World Infantry Weapons: Libya"".
  53. (2011-12-12). "Small Arms of the 2011 Libyan Conflict – Cataloguing the Weapons of War".
  54. "T65 (Type 65)".
  55. "FN F2000 sold to Gaddafi Regime".
  56. Taylor, Alan. "DIY Weapons of the Libyan Rebels - The Atlantic".
  57. "Romanian PSL in use by anti-Gaddafi forces".
  58. McNab, Chris. (2017). "The FN Minimi Light Machine Gun: M249, L108A1, L110A2, and other variants".
  59. (September 2015). "The Russian GM-94 Grenade Launcher". Armament Research Services (ARES).
  60. "S&T Daewoo Succeeded in First Exporting K4 Automatic Grenade Machine Gun to Libya".
  61. Neville, Leigh. (2018). "Technicals : non-standard tactical vehicles from the great Toyota war to modern special forces".
  62. (10 March 2011). "Libya: How the opposing sides are armed".
  63. (21 August 2019). "Who's Fighting Whom in Tripoli: How the 2019 Civil War is Transforming Libya's Military Landscape". Small Arms Survey.
  64. (15 December 2014). "Armed Groups and Guided Light Weapons: 2014 Update with MENA Focus (Research Note 47)". Small Arms Survey.
  65. (2020-05-31). "Turkey Deploys T-122 Sakarya and T-155 Firtina in Libya".
  66. (15 February 2023). "The Military Balance 2023". Routledge.
  67. (23 June 2022). "Turkey continues to send arms to Libya in violation of UN Security Council resolutions - Nordic Monitor".
  68. "From Türkiye With Love: Tracking Turkish Military Donations".
  69. (19 July 2011). "الثوارعلى مشارف البريقة (01) Ajdabiya 2011.07.17 .MP4".
  70. Rawnsley, Adam. "Libya's Got Vlad's Missiles and Kim's Guns".
  71. "ZSU-23-4 (Shilka)".
  72. (2024-08-10). "Turkey replace Hawk air defense system with HİSAR-O100 in Libyan base".
  73. "Disaster at Tarhuna: When Haftar Lost Another Stronghold In Crushing Defeat To The GNA".
  74. "M60 tanks transferred to Libya".
  75. (3 March 2016). "Libyan army makes tracks with home-made tank force".
  76. (12 June 2017). "Final report of the Panel of Experts on Libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011) (S/2017/466)". ReliefWeb.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

military-of-libya
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Libyan Army — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report