Kirsten Gillibrand

Early life and education

Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik was born on December 9, 1966, in Albany, New York, the daughter of Polly Edwina (Noonan) and Douglas Paul Rutnik. Both her parents are attorneys, and her father has also worked as a lobbyist. Her parents divorced in the late 1980s. Gillibrand has an older brother and a younger sister. Her maternal grandparents were businessman Peter Noonan and Dorothea "Polly" Noonan,

Polly Noonan was a longtime confidante of Erastus Corning 2nd, the longtime mayor of Albany, New York. According to The New York Times, Corning, "in effect, disinherited his wife and children" and "left the Noonan family his insurance business".

During her childhood and college years, Gillibrand used the nickname "Tina"; she began using her birth name a few years after law school. and then enrolled at Dartmouth College. Gillibrand graduated magna cum laude in 1988. At Dartmouth, she was a member of the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority. She received her Juris Doctor from the UCLA School of Law and passed the bar exam in 1991.

Legal career

Private practice

In 1991, Gillibrand joined the Manhattan-based law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell as an associate. In 1992, she took a leave from Davis Polk to serve as a law clerk to Judge Roger Miner of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Albany.

Gillibrand's tenure at Davis Polk included serving as a defense attorney for tobacco company Philip Morris during major litigation, including both civil lawsuits and U.S. Justice Department criminal and civil racketeering and perjury probes. As a junior associate in the mid-1990s, she defended the company's executives against a criminal investigation into whether they had committed perjury in their testimony before Congress when they claimed that they had no knowledge of a connection between tobacco smoking and cancer. Gillibrand worked closely on the case and became a key part of the defense team. As part of her work, she traveled to the company's laboratory in Germany, where she interviewed scientists about the company's alleged research into the connection. The inquiry was dropped and it was during this time that she became a senior associate.

While working at Davis Polk, Gillibrand became involved in—and later the leader of—the Women's Leadership Forum, a program of the Democratic National Committee. Gillibrand has said that a speech to the group by Hillary Clinton inspired her: " was trying to encourage us to become more active in politics and she said, 'If you leave all the decision-making to others, you might not like what they do, and you will have no one but yourself to blame.' It was such a challenge to the women in the room. And it really hit me: She's talking to me."

In 2001, Gillibrand became a partner in the Manhattan office of Boies, Schiller & Flexner. In 2002 she informed Boies of her interest in running for office and was permitted to transfer to the firm's Albany office. She left Boies in 2005 to begin her 2006 campaign for Congress.

Public interest and government service

Gillibrand has said her work at private law firms allowed her to take on pro bono cases defending abused women and their children and tenants seeking safe housing after lead paint and unsafe conditions were found in their homes. After her time at Davis Polk, she served as Special Counsel to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Andrew Cuomo during the last year of the Clinton administration. Gillibrand worked on HUD's Labor Initiative and its New Markets Initiative, on TAP's Young Leaders of the American Democracy, and on strengthening Davis–Bacon Act enforcement.

In 1999, Gillibrand began working on Hillary Clinton's 2000 U.S. Senate campaign, focusing on campaigning to young women and encouraging them to join the effort. Many of those women later worked on Gillibrand's campaigns.

U.S. House of Representatives (2007–2009)

Elections

2006

Main article: 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

Gillibrand considered running for office in 2004, in New York's 20th congressional district, against four-term Republican incumbent John E. Sweeney, but Hillary Clinton believed circumstances would be more favorable in 2006 and advised her to wait until then. Traditionally conservative, the district and its electoral offices had been in Republican hands for all but four years since 1913, and as of November 2006, 197,473 voters in the district were registered Republicans and 82,737 were registered Democrats. Sweeney said in 2006 that "no Republican can ever lose ". Using New York's electoral fusion election laws, Gillibrand ran in 2006 on both the Democratic and Working Families lines; in addition to having the Republican nomination, Sweeney was endorsed by the Conservative and Independence parties.

During the campaign, Gillibrand got support from other Democratic Party politicians. Mike McNulty, a Democratic Congressman from the neighboring 21st congressional district, campaigned for her, as did both Hillary and Bill Clinton; the former president appeared twice at campaign events. Both parties poured millions of dollars into the respective campaigns.

Many saw Gillibrand as moderate or conservative. Michael Brendan Dougherty in The American Conservative wrote after her victory, "Gillibrand won her upstate New York district by running to the right: she campaigned against amnesty for illegal immigrants, promised to restore fiscal responsibility to Washington, and pledged to protect gun rights."

Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was an issue during the campaign. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $23,200 in contributions from the company's employees during her 2006 campaign.

The probable turning point in the election was the November 1 release of a December 2005 police report detailing a 9-1-1 call by Sweeney's wife, in which she claimed Sweeney was "knocking her around the house". The Sweeney campaign claimed the police report was false and promised to have the official report released by state police, but did not do so. Several months later, Sweeney's wife said her "disgrace" statement was coerced, and that her husband was physically abusive.{{cite web |access-date=July 25, 2007

By November 5, a Siena poll showed Gillibrand ahead of Sweeney 46% to 43%. She won with 53% of the vote.

2008

Main article: 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

After Gillibrand's win, Republicans quickly began speculating about possible 2008 candidates. Len Cutler, director of the Center for the Study of Government and Politics at Siena College, said that the seat would be difficult for Gillibrand to hold in 2008, with Republicans substantially outnumbering Democrats in the district.

Gillibrand was reelected in 2008 over former New York Secretary of State Sandy Treadwell, 62% to 38%. Treadwell lost despite significantly outspending Gillibrand and promising never to vote to raise taxes, not to accept a federal salary, and to limit himself to three terms in office. Campaign expenditures were the second highest in the nation for a House race. Democrats generally saw major successes during the 2008 congressional elections, credited in part to a coattail effect from Barack Obama's presidential campaign.

Gillibrand's legal representation of Philip Morris was again an issue. Her campaign finance records showed that she received $18,200 from Philip Morris employees for her 2008 campaign, putting her among the top dozen Democrats in such contributions. Questioned during the campaign about her work on behalf of Philip Morris, Gillibrand said that she had voted in favor of all three anti-tobacco bills in that session of Congress. She said that she never hid her work for Philip Morris, and added that as an associate at her law firm, she had had no control over which clients she worked for. Davis Polk allowed associates to withdraw from representing clients about whom they had moral qualms.

House tenure

Upon taking office, Gillibrand joined the Blue Dog Coalition, a group of moderate to conservative Democrats. She was noted for voting against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, She opposed a 2007 state-level proposal to issue driver's licenses to illegal immigrants and voted for legislation that would withhold federal funds from immigrant sanctuary cities. Gillibrand also voted for a bill that limited information-sharing between federal agencies about firearm purchasers.

After taking office, Gillibrand became the first member of Congress to publish her official schedule, listing everyone she met with on a given day. She also published earmark requests she received and her personal financial statement. This "Sunlight Report", as her office termed it, was praised by in a December 2006 New York Times editorial as a "quiet touch of revolution" in a non-transparent system. Of the earmarking process, Gillibrand said she wanted whatever was best for her district and would require every project to pass a "greatest-need, greatest-good" test.

Committee assignments

In the House of Representatives, Gillibrand served on the following committees:

• Committee on Agriculture
  • Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research
  • Subcommittee on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture
  • Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry (chair)
• Committee on Armed Services
  • Subcommittee on Seapower and Expeditionary Forces
  • Subcommittee on Terrorism and Unconventional Threats

U.S. Senate (2009–present)

Appointment

On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama announced his choice of Hillary Clinton, the junior U.S. senator from New York, as Secretary of State. Clinton was confirmed by a vote of 94–2 on January 21, 2009. Just hours before being sworn in as Secretary of State, Clinton resigned her Senate seat, effective immediately. Obama's December announcement began a two-month search to fill her Senate seat. Under New York law, the governor appoints a replacement. A special election would then be held in November 2010 for the remainder of her term, which ended in January 2013.

Governor David Paterson's selection process began with a number of prominent names and high-profile New York Democrats, including Andrew Cuomo, Fran Drescher and Caroline Kennedy, vying for the spot. Gillibrand quietly campaigned for the position, meeting secretly with Paterson on at least one occasion. She said that she made an effort to underscore her successful House elections in a largely conservative district, adding that she could be a good complement to Chuck Schumer. On January 23, 2009, Paterson held a press conference to announce Gillibrand as his choice.

The response to the appointment in New York was mixed. Upstate New York media was generally optimistic about the appointment of an upstate senator, as none had been elected since Charles Goodell left office in 1971. Many downstaters were disappointed with the selection, with some media outlets stating that Paterson had ignored the electoral influence of New York City and downstate on state politics. One questioned whether Paterson's administration was aware of " statewide elections are won and lost". Gillibrand was relatively unknown statewide, and many voters found the choice surprising. One source stated, "With every Democrat in New York ... angling for the appointment, there was a sense of bafflement, belittlement, and bruised egos when Paterson tapped the junior legislator unknown outside of Albany."

Shortly before her appointment to the Senate was announced, Gillibrand reportedly contacted the Empire State Pride Agenda, an LGBT lobbying organization in New York, to express her full support for same-sex marriage, the repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy regarding gay and lesbian servicemembers, and the passage of legislation banning discrimination against transgender persons. The New York Observer wrote, "hours before Governor David Paterson called Gillibrand to inform her that she would replace Hillary Clinton in the Senate in the early morning hours of January 23, a member of the governor's camp reached out to Gillibrand to inform her that she needed to improve her lackluster standing with gay groups before she could win Paterson's appointment, according to one Democratic source".

Gillibrand was sworn in as a U.S. senator on January 26, 2009; at 42, she entered the chamber as the youngest senator in the 111th Congress. In April, Murphy won the seat against Republican Jim Tedisco by 399 votes and succeeded Gillibrand in the House until 2011.

Elections

2010

Main article: 2010 United States Senate special election in New York

Gillibrand had numerous potential challengers in the September 14, 2010, Democratic primary election. Some were obvious at the time of her appointment. Most notably, Representative Carolyn McCarthy was unhappy with Gillibrand's stance on gun control,{{#tag:ref|McCarthy has been a supporter of strict gun control since her husband was murdered in a 1993 commuter train shooting spree. Harold Ford, Jr., a former Congressman from Tennessee, considered a run but decided against it in March 2009.

Concerned about a possible schism in the party that could lead to a heated primary, split electorate, and weakened stance, high-ranking members of the party backed Gillibrand and requested major opponents not to run. and won the primary with 76% of the vote.

Despite what was expected to be a heated race, Gillibrand easily prevailed against former Republican congressman Joseph DioGuardi in her first statewide election. By the end of October, a Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showed Gillibrand leading 57%-34%. Gillibrand won the November election 63%–35%, carrying 54 of New York's 62 counties; the counties that supported DioGuardi did so by a margin no greater than 10%.

2012

Main article: 2012 United States Senate election in New York

Gillibrand's special election victory gave her the right to serve the rest of Clinton's second term, which ended in January 2013. Gillibrand ran for a full six-year term in November 2012. In the general election, she faced Wendy E. Long, an attorney running on both the Republican Party and Conservative Party lines. Gillibrand was endorsed by The New York Times and the Democrat and Chronicle. She won the election with 72.2% of the vote; in so doing, she surpassed Schumer's 71.2% victory in 2004 and achieved the largest victory margin for a statewide candidate in New York history. She carried all counties except for two in western New York.

2018

Main article: 2018 United States Senate election in New York

Gillibrand was reelected to a second term in the Senate, defeating Republican Chele Chiavacci Farley with 67% of the vote. During a campaign debate, she pledged that she would serve out a full six-year term if reelected. She was endorsed by the progressive groups Indivisible and the Working Families Party.

2024

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York

Gillibrand was reelected to a third full Senate term, defeating Republican nominee Mike Sapraicone with 58.9% of the vote.

Senate tenure

A member of the Democratic Party's relatively conservative Blue Dog faction while in the House, Gillibrand has moved her political positions and ideology toward a liberal, progressive position since her appointment to the Senate.

Gillibrand made national headlines in February 2009 for stating that she and her husband kept two guns under their bed. Her staff later indicated that Gillibrand no longer stored guns under her bed.

On April 9, 2009, a combined Schumer–Gillibrand press release said that the two strongly supported a Latino being nominated to the Supreme Court at the time of the next vacancy. Their first choice was Sonia Sotomayor. The two introduced her at Sotomayor's Senate confirmation hearing in July 2009.

During the lame duck session of the 111th Congress, Gillibrand scored a substantial legislative victory with the passage of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010. The military's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy, which barred openly gay and lesbian people from service, was responsible for the discharge of an estimated 14,500 service members since its creation in 1993. Gillibrand was at the forefront of the effort to repeal the ban and her advocacy was recognized as a major force behind the repeal's passage.

In January 2011, Gillibrand secured another significant win with the passage of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act. The Zadroga Act reopened the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund (VCF) and established the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP), which provides health benefits and medical monitoring to 9/11 first responders and survivors. After these legislative accomplishments, Gillibrand gained a more prominent national profile. In 2015, Gillibrand was the Senate lead on the successful reauthorization of the Zadroga Act, which effectively made the WTCHP permanent by renewing it for 75 years and extended the VCF for 5 years. In 2019, Gillibrand helped lead the effort to pass the Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund Act. The bill permanently funded the VCF, allowing individuals and families of individuals who were injured, sickened, or killed at a 9/11 crash site to file claims for compensation through 2090. President Trump signed the bill into law in July 2019. In the following years, the WTCHP faced growing costs due to medical inflation and increased participation by 9/11 responders and survivors, leaving the program with a projected shortfall of roughly $3 billion. Between 2022 and 2023, Gillibrand helped secure over $1.6 billion to narrow the WTCHP funding gap, as well as extend enrollment to previously excluded 9/11 first responders at the Pentagon and Shanksville crash sites.

In 2012, Gillibrand authored part of the STOCK Act, which extended limitations on insider trading by members of Congress. A version of the bill, merged by Senator Joe Lieberman with content from another bill by Senator Scott Brown, was passed by Congress and signed into law by Obama in April. In July 2023, Gillibrand introduced bipartisan legislation with Senator Josh Hawley to ban stock ownership outright for members of Congress, senior members of the executive branch, and their spouses and dependents.

In 2013, Gillibrand began a nearly decade-long fight to reform and professionalize the military justice system. She proposed bipartisan legislation to remove the prosecution of sexual assault cases from the military chain of command and give that responsibility to independent military prosecutors. The bill failed to gain enough votes to break a filibuster in March 2014, but after years of advocacy with her colleagues, Gillibrand's bill garnered the support of a bipartisan, filibuster-proof majority of senators. In 2022, Gillibrand successfully secured provisions in the National Defense Authorization Act to shift the authority for prosecuting sexual assault and certain other serious, non-military crimes from commanders to independent, trained military prosecutors called special trial counsels.

In December 2013, Gillibrand introduced the Family and Medical Insurance Leave (FAMILY) Act. This bill would have established a national paid family and medical leave program, allowing workers to take 12 weeks of paid time off to care for a newborn, recover from a serious illness, or care for a sick family member. After it failed to pass, Gillibrand reintroduced it multiple times over the following years, earning recognition as one of the Senate's most fervent advocates for paid family leave. In December 2023, she and Bill Cassidy co-founded the Senate Bipartisan Paid Family Leave Working Group, aiming to develop bipartisan proposals for a federal paid leave policy.

By 2013, Gillibrand had "skillfully aligned herself with causes with visible, moving human characters who have helped amplify her policy goals". For example, in campaigning for the repeal of the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy, she established a website with videos of gay and lesbian veterans telling their personal stories. She was less deferential to Senate seniority protocols and more uncompromising in her positions—such as combating sexual assault in the military—than most freshman senators, which sometimes caused friction with her Democratic colleagues. Senator Charles Grassley contrasted her approach with other New Yorkers of both parties, saying she was distinguished by "her determination and knowledge and willingness to sit down one on one with senators and explain what she is up to". Her fund-raising ability—almost $30 million from 2009 through 2013—helped her become a mentor to female candidates nationwide during that period.

In 2014, Gillibrand was included in the annual Time 100, Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.

In 2018, Politico named Gillibrand part of the "Hell-No Caucus", along with Senators Kamala Harris, Cory Booker, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders, for voting "overwhelmingly to thwart [Trump's] nominees for administration jobs", such as Rex Tillerson, Betsy DeVos, and Mike Pompeo; all the senators were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders at the time, and all five ran for president in 2020.

According to a FiveThirtyEight study, 12% of Gillibrand's votes matched Trump's position during his first term, the lowest among all senators.

In 2022, Gillibrand shepherded two pieces of legislation through Congress that enacted significant workplace reforms. The first, the Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act, voided forced arbitration clauses in cases of sexual assault and sexual harassment, allowing workplace sexual misconduct survivors to bring their cases to court rather than be forced into the often secretive and employer-friendly arbitration process. The second, the Speak Out Act, prohibits companies from enforcing non-disclosure agreements in cases of sexual harassment or sexual assault if those agreements were signed before the incident occurred, giving victims the ability to speak publicly about any alleged misconduct. Both bills passed the Senate unanimously and received broad bipartisan support in the House.

In June 2022, after more than a decade of advocacy, Gillibrand succeeded in passing legislation to make gun trafficking a federal crime. She first introduced the Gun Trafficking Prevention Act in 2009 after meeting the mother of Nyasia Pryear-Yard, a 17-year-old from Brooklyn who was killed by a stray bullet, and pledging to take action on guns. Gillibrand reintroduced the bill in every subsequent Congress after it failed to pass, ultimately renaming it the Hadiya Pendleton and Nyasia Pryear-Yard Gun Trafficking and Crime Prevention Act. In the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, Gillibrand helped craft bipartisan anti-gun trafficking legislation similar to her own, but it failed to pass the Senate after receiving 58 votes—not enough to overcome the 60-vote threshold. The core of Gillibrand's legislation passed in 2022 as part of the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA).

In August 2022, Gillibrand helped secure the passage of the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act, which included her bill to extend presumptive health benefits to veterans who were exposed to toxic burn pits. She initially introduced the legislation in 2020 to provide care and benefits to veterans who were present at burn pit sites during their military service and subsequently developed certain serious illnesses, removing the need for them to prove that their conditions were definitively burn pit-related.

Since the return of congressional earmarks in 2022, Gillibrand has ranked among the top members of Congress in terms of earmark funds secured. She obtained $230.6 million in earmarks for New York-based projects in 2022 and $267 million in 2023.

[[119th United States Congress]] committee assignments

Source:

Current

• Committee on Appropriations
  • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Department of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (ranking member)
• Committee on Armed Services
  • Subcommittee on Cybersecurity
  • Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
  • Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
• Special Committee on Aging (ranking member)
• Select Committee on Intelligence

Previous

Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (2009–2025)

Committee on Environment and Public Works (2009–2021)

Committee on Foreign Relations (2009–2011)

Caucus memberships

• Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
• International Conservation Caucus
• Senate Women's Caucus
• Sportsmen's Caucus
• Afterschool Caucuses

2020 presidential campaign

Senator from New York (2009–) Member of the House from New York (2007–2009)

Exploratory committee

In early 2019, on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Gillibrand announced the formation of an exploratory committee to consider running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. During her January 15 appearance, she said, "I am going to run", and the same day paperwork filed with the Federal Election Commission established the Gillibrand 2020 Exploratory Committee. Gillibrand had frequently been mentioned as a possible 2020 contender by the media before her announcement.

Campaign announcement and suspension

In a Twitter post on March 17, Gillibrand announced that she was officially running for president. Like other Democratic candidates, she pledged not to accept campaign donations from political action committees.

Gillibrand was invited to the first Democratic presidential debate, participating on the second night, on June 27. She was also invited to the second debate, again participating in the second night, on July 31.

Gillibrand suspended her campaign on August 28, 2019, citing her failure to qualify for the third round of Democratic primary debates. She neither met the polling threshold nor sustained the fundraising quota set as debate qualifications.

Political pundits during and after her campaign noted that her role in pushing Senator Al Franken to resign played a major role in her failure to garner support from donors and fellow Democrats. At the time, Franken faced allegations of sexual misconduct from eight women. Gillibrand was the first senator to call on him to resign, but Franken did so only after more than two dozen Democratic senators echoed this call. Gillibrand doubled down on her actions on numerous occasions, even after several Democrats expressed regret for calling for his resignation. Many high-profile fundraisers and donors refused to support her, saying her actions gave her the reputation that "she would eat her own". Other publications noted that her attempt to brand herself as "the feminist candidate" failed to differentiate her from her rivals.

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand}}During her tenure in the House of Representatives, Gillibrand was known as a [[Centrism

In May 2018, City & State reported that Gillibrand had "moved sharply leftward on economic issues, embracing a number of proposals to expand the social safety net and bolster lower-income families". In July 2018, The New York Times wrote that Gillibrand had "spent recent months injecting her portfolio with a dose of the kind of economic populism that infused Senator Bernie Sanders's campaign in the 2016 presidential primary".

On social issues, Gillibrand is generally liberal, supporting the legalization of cannabis, abortion rights, and helping to lead the successful repeal effort of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell". A supporter of Medicare-for-all since her first House run in 2006, she co-sponsored a 2017 Medicare-for-all bill introduced by Sanders and said that health care should be a right. Gillibrand also supports a federal jobs guarantee. Although she used to be one of the top recipients of corporate campaign donations, in 2018 she supported rejecting corporate PAC funds and invested heavily in online fundraising. Ninety-seven percent of donations to her 2018 campaign totaled $100 or less. She advocates government transparency, being one of a few members of Congress who release much personal and scheduling information.

In 2024, Gillibrand introduced a new bill to address traumatic brain injuries in military veterans and service members. She has been critical of the second Trump administration, particularly its firing of federal employees and proposed budget cuts.

#MeToo movement

Declaring a "zero tolerance" doctrine regarding accusations of sexual misconduct by members of Congress, Gillibrand was the first in her caucus to call on Senator Al Franken to resign. In November 2017, amid the MeToo movement, Gillibrand became the first high-profile Democrat to say that Bill Clinton should have resigned when his affair with Monica Lewinsky was revealed. In 2018, Clinton expressed disagreement with Gillibrand's opinion.

In 2019, a female former aide to Gillibrand criticized her for retaining a male staffer despite the aide's sexual harassment complaint against him. After a Politico inquiry brought new evidence to light, the aide was fired.

Controversies

In 2025, Kirsten Gillibrand drew criticism for her comments on former New York Governor and then-Democratic candidate for mayor of New York City Andrew Cuomo. Cuomo had resigned from his post as governor in disgrace after allegations of sexual harassment by dozens of women surfaced in August 2021. Gillibrand commented that she was troubled by the accusations, but did not call for his resignation, as she had for Franken. When Cuomo announced his candidacy for mayor, Gillibrand praised him, saying, "He has a lot of talent as an executive, he's been a very strong governor and done very good things for New York."

Accusations of Islamophobia

On June 26, 2025, two days after New York State Assemblyman Zohran Mamdani won the 2025 Democratic primary election for New York City mayor, Gillibrand appeared on Brian Lehrer's radio call-in show on WNYC. Responding to a caller who felt that Mamdani threatened the Jewish community, Gillibrand condemned Mamdani's defense of some pro-Palestine advocates using the term "intifada". She also complained about "past positions—particularly references to global jihad", prompting Lehrer to issue an on-air disclaimer that "we can find no evidence that [Mamdani] has supported Hamas or supported violent jihad". Gillibrand dismissed the disclaimer and continued to attack Mamdani's defense of the term "intifada" in the context of pro-Palestinian advocacy. When asked whether she would endorse Mamdani for mayor, Gillibrand declined, saying she did not know whether she had previously endorsed Democratic nominees for mayor and that it was not something she typically did. In 2021, Gillibrand had endorsed Eric Adams, the Democratic nominee for mayor.

After her remarks, progressive New York politicians including New York City Councilman Chi Ossé called for Gillibrand to face a primary challenge in 2030. Gillibrand has also faced calls to resign, including from journalist Mehdi Hasan, who said she "should resign for falsely smearing Zohran Mamdani as a terrorist". When asked about Gillibrand's comments, Governor Kathy Hochul said she condemned any denigration of a person's religion or ethnicity. Gillibrand's office initially issued a statement saying she "misspoke" in the interview. On June 30, she called Mamdani to apologize for her remarks.

Personal life

Gillibrand met Jonathan Gillibrand, a British venture capitalist who later became a senior adviser for oceans and international environmental and scientific affairs at the U.S. State Department, on a blind date; he was planning to be in the U.S. for only a year while studying for his MBA at Columbia University, but stayed because of their developing relationship. They married in a Catholic church in Manhattan in 2001, and have two sons.

Gillibrand continued working until the day of her first son's birth and received a standing ovation from her House colleagues for doing so. In 2020, the Albany Times Union reported that Gillibrand and her family primarily lived in Washington, D.C. As of 2025, Gillibrand's U.S. Senate website says she resides in Albany.

Gillibrand was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa, a national leadership honor society, as an honoris causa initiate at SUNY Plattsburgh in 2012.

Published works

In 2014, Gillibrand published her first book, Off the Sidelines: Raise Your Voice, Change the World. The candid memoir was notable in the media upon release due to whisperings of a future presidential run as well as Gillibrand's claims of sexism in the Senate, including specific comments made to her by other members of Congress about her weight and appearance. Off the Sidelines debuted at number 8 on The New York Times Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction.

Electoral history

| |party = Democratic Party (United States) | |party = Republican Party (United States)

References

Informational notes

Citations

References

1. (April 13, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand Fast Facts". CNN.com.
2. "U.S. Senate: Committee Assignments of the 119th Congress".
3. Tumulty, Karen. (January 23, 2009). "Kirsten Gillibrand".
4. Roberts, Sam. (January 31, 2009). "Gillibrand's Grandmother Also Wielded Political Power, but From the Wings". [[The New York Times]].
5. Shapiro, Walter. (July 8, 2009). "Who's Wearing the Pantsuit Now?: The story of Kirsten Gillibrand's polite meteor ride to the top". [[Hachette Filipacchi Médias]].
6. Rodrick, Stephen. (June 7, 2009). "The Reintroduction of Kirsten Gillibrand". [[New York (magazine).
7. Franco, James V.. (February 11, 2011). "Sen. Gillibrand and her family will soon call Rensselaer County home".
8. "kirsten gillibrand". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com.
9. Zengerle, Jason. (April 17, 2018). "Kirsten Gillibrand, the Senator From the State of #MeToo". GQ.
10. Powell, Michael. (January 23, 2009). "Senate Choice: Folksy Centrist Born to Politics". [[The New York Times]].
11. Ayers, Sydney. (October 11, 2012). "{{'-}}Nashville' star Connie Britton '89 sits down to discuss her new show".
12. Caitlin, McDevitt. (October 8, 2013). "Connie Britton on roomie Kirsten Gillibrand". Politico.
13. Perret, Anya. (January 23, 2009). "Gillibrand '88 picked for N.Y. Senate seat". [[The Dartmouth]].
14. (February 9, 2009). "Gillibrand Says D'Amato Isn't in the Picture". The New York Times.
15. (January 26, 2009). "UCLA law alumna appointed U.S. senator from New York". [[University of California, Los Angeles]].
16. Van Meter, Jonathan. (November 2010). "In Hillary's Footsteps: Kirsten Gillibrand".
17. McShane, Larry. (January 23, 2009). "Who is Kirsten Gillibrand? New York congresswoman to take Clinton's Senate seat". [[Daily News (New York)]].
18. Spector, Joseph. "2011 Income For Wendy Long And Husband: $1.2M".
19. "Biography of Kirsten Gillibrand". Dartmouth College Office of Alumni Relations.
20. (November 1, 2006). "NYSVoter Enrollment Statistics by District". [[New York State Board of Elections]].
21. Romano, Andrew. (November 3, 2010). "Murphy's Law: One Democrat's defeat explains how the party lost the House". [[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]].
22. O'Brien, Tim. (November 9, 2006). "Gillibrand Brings Clout to House". Times Union.
23. (August 20, 2007). "Congressional Elections: New York's 20th Congressional District 2006 Election, Total Raised and Spent". [[OpenSecrets]] (opensecrets.org).
24. Dougherty, Michael Brendan. (April 6, 2009). "Rebranding Gillibrand". [[Ron Unz]].
25. Odato, James. (October 16, 2008). "Gillibrand's tobacco past includes Philip Morris". [[Albany Times-Union]].
26. (November 2009). "John & Gayle Sweeney Stand Side-By-Side, Firing Back". [[WTEN]].
27. Benjamin, Elizabeth. (November 5, 2006). "Siena: Gillibrand 46, Sweeney: 43". Times Union.
28. (December 4, 2008). "2008 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections.
29. Hornbeck, Leigh. (November 5, 2008). "Gillibrand is Repeat Winner". Times Union.
30. [http://www.dailygazette.com/news/2008/oct/28/1028_treadwell/ Gillibrand, Treadwell spending millions] {{Webarchive. link. (June 29, 2013 , ''The Daily Gazette'' (Schenectady, NY) October 28, 2006. Quote: "The amount Kirsten Gillibrand and Sandy Treadwell are spending on their campaign for the 20th Congressional District seat so far this year is the second highest in the nation for a House race, according to both the Federal Election Commission and a campaign watchdog Web site.")
31. Nasaw, Daniel. (July 23, 2008). "US elections: Congressional Democrats aim to ride Obama wave to red-state victories". The Guardian.
32. Jacobson, Louis. (November 7, 2008). "Obama's Coattails Were Long but Not Flowing".
33. (March 26, 2009). "As New Lawyer, Senator Was Active in Tobacco's Defense". [[The New York Times]].
34. Thompson, Maury. (October 3, 2008). "Gillibrand votes no to bailout bill". [[The Post-Star]].
35. Powell, Michael. (February 1, 2009). "Gillibrand Hints at a Change of Mind on Immigration". The New York Times.
36. Semple, Kirk. (January 27, 2009). "Gillibrand's Immigration Views Draw Fire". The New York Times.
37. (April 11, 2019). "Fact-checking Gillibrand's claim NRA 'is largely funded' by gun makers". CNN Politics.
38. (December 14, 2006). "Congress and the Benefits of Sunshine". The New York Times.
39. Hernandez, Raymond. (May 15, 2007). "Barely in Office, but G.O.P. Rivals Are Circling". The New York Times.
40. Hernandez, Raymond. (March 21, 2007). "Earmarked for Success?". The New York Times.
41. Joint Committee on Printing. (August 9, 2007). "Standing Committees of the House". [[United States Government Printing Office]].
42. Hernandez, Javier C.. (January 23, 2009). "Paterson Announces Choice of Gillibrand for Senate Seat". The New York Times.
43. (December 2, 2008). "From Foe to Secretary of State". Times Union.
44. Silverleib, Alan. (January 23, 2009). "N.Y. Governor Names Clinton Successor". Cable New Network (CNN).
45. Germano, Sara. (January 28, 2009). "Upstate/Downstate Divide in Gillibrand Coverage". Columbia University.
46. (January 25, 2009). "Week in Review: Some of the Top Stories in the Capital Region". Times Union.
47. Stein, Sam. (February 23, 2009). "Kirsten Gillibrand Reached Out To Gay Rights Group". HuffPost.
48. Horowitz, Jason. (January 26, 2009). "How (and Why) Gillibrand Got Right With Gays". Observer.
49. (April 23, 2009). "Unofficial Combined Machine and Paper Results for NY 20th Congressional District". [[New York State Board of Elections]].
50. Hakim, Danny. (January 22, 2009). "With Kennedy Out, N.R.A. Becomes Issue". The New York Times.
51. Brune, Tom. (June 4, 2009). "McCarthy Won't Seek Gillibrand's Senate Seat". [[Newsday]].
52. (March 2, 2009). "Ford: Dems 'Bullied Me Out' of N.Y. Senate Race". Fox News.
53. Hernandez, Javier C.. (September 15, 2010). "In Tight Republican Race, DioGuardi Is Chosen to Face Gillibrand". The New York Times.
54. (September 14, 2010). "2010 Primary Election Results". New York State Board of Elections.
55. "Election 2010 Results: New York". The New York Times.
56. (October 27, 2010). "Cuomo Leads By 20 Points In New York Gov Race, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Gillibrand Stuns Gop Challenger". Quinnipiac University Polling Institute.
57. Tumulty, Brian. (June 27, 2012). "Wendy Long captures Senate Republican primary, will face Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand". [[The Journal News]].
58. Lewis, William. (June 22, 2012). "Long would champion small gov't is elected to U.S. Senate". TimesLedger.
59. Editorial. (October 21, 2012). "Kirsten Gillibrand for New York". [[The New York Times]].
60. Editorial. (October 20, 2012). "Send Kirsten Gillibrand back to the Senate". [[Democrat and Chronicle]].
61. "New York Overview". CNN.
62. Pillifant, Reid. (November 7, 2012). "Gillibrand breaks Schumer's record, still 'vulnerable'". CapNY, LLC.
63. Zremski, Jerry. (November 6, 2018). "Kirsten Gillibrand easily defeats Chele Farley for re-election to U.S. Senate". [[The Buffalo News]].
64. "Archived copy".
65. Rauh, Grace. (October 25, 2018). "Gillibrand Pledges in Debate to Serve Next Six Years if Re-Elected".
66. "Indivisible".
67. "Indivisible".
68. "Working Families".
69. (March 4, 2018). "Gillibrand aligns herself with progressive causes at Working Families Party rally".
70. "New York Republicans back ex-NYPD detective, businessman Mike Sapraicone as candidate for U.S. Senate".
71. (November 5, 2024). "New York Senate Results 2024".
72. Cupp, S.E.. (March 12, 2013). "The flip-flopping nature of Kirsten Gillibrand". MSNBC.
73. Malone, Clare. (December 21, 2017). "What Is Kirsten Gillibrand Up To?". Five Thirty Eight.
74. (February 16, 2009). "Gillibrand Sleeps With Guns Under Her Bed".
75. Glueck, Katie. (December 25, 2012). "Report: Gillibrand shifts on guns".
76. Cramer, Ruby. (December 18, 2012). "Kirsten Gillibrand No Longer Keeps Guns Under Her Bed".
77. (April 9, 2009). "Schumer, Gillibrand Make Direct Appeal to President Obama Recommending He Nominate the First Ever Latino to the Supreme Court Should a Vacancy Occur During His Term". Senate Offices of Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand.
78. Halbfinger, David M.. (July 13, 2009). "Gillibrand Gets the Gavel on Big Stage". The New York Times.
79. (September 20, 2011). "US military lifts ban on openly gay troops". The Guardian.
80. Horowitz, Jason. (August 3, 2009). "The Time Is Right, Now, for Gillibrand on Gay Rights".
81. Kornacki, Steve. (December 20, 2010). "What 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' did for Kirsten Gillibrand". Capital New York.
82. Maloney, Carolyn B.. (January 2, 2011). "H.R.847 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010".
83. Joseph, Cameron. (February 4, 2019). "How Gillibrand Defied The Odds To Get 9/11 First Responders Long-Awaited Help".
84. "About the Victim Compensation Fund {{!}} VCF".
85. "Laws - World Trade Center Health Program".
86. Halbfinger, David M.. (December 22, 2010). "Gillibrand Gains Foothold With Victory on 9/11 Aid". New York Times.
87. Reid Pillifant. (December 21, 2010). "The Education of Kirsten Gillibrand".
88. Mann, Brian. (December 22, 2010). "Sen. Gillibrand's moment". [[North Country Public Radio]].
89. Tumulty, Brian J.. "Zadroga 9/11 health legislation included in must-pass spending bill".
90. "Senate votes to make 9/11 victims fund permanent as first responders, Jon Stewart look on".
91. Rogers, Alex. (July 23, 2019). "Congress passes 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund extension championed by Jon Stewart {{!}} CNN Politics".
92. Edelman, Adam. (July 29, 2019). "Trump signs bill ensuring 9/11 victims fund will never run out of money".
93. (September 9, 2022). "Medical program for 9/11 survivors, responders is running out of money".
94. (December 8, 2023). "World Trade Center Health Program gets $676 million in final defense bill".
95. Grim, Ryan. (January 26, 2012). "STOCK Act: Insider Trading Bill To Receive Senate Vote Next Week". [[Huffington Post]].
96. Condon, Stephanie. (April 4, 2012). "Obama signs STOCK Act to ban 'congressional insider trading'". CBS Interactive Inc..
97. Nazzaro, Miranda. (July 19, 2023). "Bipartisan senators unveiling measure to ban stock ownership by lawmakers, administration officials". The Hill.
98. Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY. (June 4, 2013). "S.967 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): A bill to amend title 10, United States Code, to modify various authorities relating to procedures for courts-martial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and for other purposes.".
99. McVeigh, Karen. (June 7, 2013). "Sexual assault victims say military's promises of reform don't go far enough". The Guardian.
100. (March 6, 2014). "Gillibrand's assault bill derailed".
101. (May 13, 2021). "Military Justice Overhaul Reaches Key Level of Support in Senate". Wall Street Journal.
102. Donnelly, John M.. (December 7, 2022). "Gillibrand calls new NDAA 'huge milestone' in military justice".
103. Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY. (February 7, 2017). "S.337 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): A bill to provide paid family and medical leave benefits to certain individuals, and for other purposes.".
104. (December 13, 2013). "A Federal Proposal for Paid Family Leave". The New York Times.
105. Bryant, Miranda. (February 6, 2021). "Congress is 'better poised than ever' to pass paid family leave bill, lawmakers say". The Guardian.
106. Antonioli, Justis. (March 8, 2025). "Bipartisan Momentum on Paid Family Leave Policy in the 118th Congress {{!}} Bipartisan Policy Center".
107. (December 6, 2013). "New York's Junior Senator, Doggedly Refusing to Play the Part". The New York Times.
108. D'Amato, Alfonse. (April 23, 2014). "Kirsten Gillibrand: The U.S. Senate's rising Democratic star".
109. (April 6, 2018). "The Hell-No Caucus: How five 2020 contenders voted on Trump's nominees".
110. Bycoffe, Aaron. (July 3, 2020). "Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump".
111. Walsh, Deirdre. (February 10, 2022). "Congress approves bill to end forced arbitration in sexual assault cases". NPR.
112. "Senate passes bill ending forced arbitration in sexual misconduct cases".
113. Price, Michelle L.. (December 7, 2022). "Biden signs #MeToo law curbing confidentiality agreements".
114. Caldwell, Leigh Ann. (February 10, 2022). "Senate passes bill ending forced arbitration in sexual misconduct cases".
115. Samuels, Robert. (June 24, 2019). "A grieving community changed Kirsten Gillibrand's mind on guns. They are still waiting for her to deliver on her promises.". Washington Post.
116. Zremski, Jerry. (June 14, 2022). "Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand's crackdown on gun trafficking included in compromise".
117. Pillifant, Reid. (March 4, 2013). "Gillibrand combines her anti-gun trafficking bill with Leahy's".
118. (April 18, 2013). "New Gun Measures Considered by the Senate".
119. Hernandez, Estefania. (June 29, 2022). "Gillibrand, Adams praise criminalization of gun trafficking".
120. (August 2, 2022). "Amid protests, Senate passes health care for vets exposed to toxic burn pits".
121. Horton, Alex. (September 15, 2020). "Jon Stewart urges health-care law for veterans exposed to toxic burn pits". The Washington Post.
122. (April 1, 2022). "As Earmarks Return to Congress, Lawmakers Rush to Steer Money Home". The New York Times.
123. Lai, Stephanie. (February 5, 2023). "As G.O.P. Rails Against Federal Spending, Its Appetite for Earmarks Grows". The New York Times.
124. "U.S. Senate: Committee Assignments of the 119th Congress".
125. (May 2023). "Members". Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus.
126. "Members". Afterschool Alliance.
127. Johnson, Jenna. (January 15, 2019). "Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tells Stephen Colbert she will run for president". [[Washington Post]].
128. (January 15, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand to enter 2020 presidential race". CNN.
129. "Form 3P for Gillibrand 2020".
130. Segers, Grace. (January 15, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand formally enters 2020 race with announcement on Colbert's "Late Show"". CBS News.
131. (January 15, 2019). "Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand tells Stephen Colbert she will run for president". The Washington Post.
132. "Form 1 for Gillibrand 2020 Exploratory Committee".
133. (December 12, 2017). "Already on the 2020 radar, Kirsten Gillibrand catapulted into the spotlight by President Trump". The Washington Post.
134. (October 20, 2018). "Gillibrand's (Lack of) Spending in 2018 Offers Hints of 2020". The New York Times.
135. Goldmacher, Shane. (March 17, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand Officially Enters 2020 Democratic Race". The New York Times.
136. Gillibrand, Kirsten. (March 17, 2019). "I'm running for president. Let's prove that brave wins".
137. Overby, Peter. (February 1, 2019). "Democratic Presidential Candidates Say 'No' To Corporate PAC Money".
138. Segers, Grace. (August 29, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand drops out of the presidential race". [[CBS News]].
139. Weissert, Will. (August 28, 2019). "Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand ends once-promising presidential bid".
140. (August 28, 2019). "Kirsten Gillibrand Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Presidential Race". [[The New York Times]].
141. Oprysko, Caitlin. (January 16, 2019). "Gillibrand downplays potential for donor backlash over Franken scandal: 'That's on them'".
142. Prokop, Andrew. (December 7, 2017). "Al Franken just announced he'll resign from the Senate after 8 women alleged sexual misconduct".
143. (July 22, 2019). "Franken says he 'absolutely' regrets resigning from Senate".
144. (February 12, 2018). "Kirsten Gillibrand Only Regrets Not Calling For Al Franken To Quit Sooner".
145. (November 29, 2018). "Franken scandal haunts Gillibrand's 2020 chances".
146. (July 3, 2019). "The ghost of Al Franken and the mystery of the Gillibrand campaign's failure to launch".
147. Viebeck, Elise. (January 20, 2019). "'I will stand up for what I believe in' Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand says — but what she believes quickly changed as she moved from House to Senate". The Washington Post.
148. (January 23, 2000). "Paterson Picks Gillibrand for Senate Seat". The New York Times.
149. (August 28, 2019). "Where Kirsten Gillibrand stands on the biggest 2020 issues".
150. Cooper, Ryan. (April 11, 2017). "Kirsten Gillibrand 2020? Not with her Wall Street problem.". The Week.
151. Ngo, Emily. (July 14, 2018). "The evolution of Kirsten Gillibrand". Newsday.
152. Amira, Dan. (February 2, 2009). "Gillibrand Dropping Controversial Positions Like They're Hot".
153. Dlouhy, Jennifer A.. (February 27, 2009). "Gillibrand Backs Gun Control Bill". Times Union (Albany).
154. Adler, Ben. (May 1, 2018). "Gillibrand swings left on economics". City & State.
155. (June 5, 2019). "2020 hopeful Gillibrand unveils plan to legalize marijuana". Associated Press.
156. "Issues: Right to Choose". Office of Senator Kirsten Gillibrand.
157. (July 24, 2018). "As Gillibrand Pushes Left, Her Economic Agenda Tilts to Populism". The New York Times.
158. (July 15, 2017). "'Medicare for All' Isn't Sounding So Crazy Anymore". The New York Times.
159. (December 15, 2010). "Kirsten Gillibrand on Government Reform". [[On the Issues]].
160. (July 17, 2024). "Gillibrand outlines new legislation to address traumatic brain injuries in U.S. service members".
161. Benninger, Matthew. (February 20, 2025). "Sen. Gillibrand 'demanding answers' for Trump's firing of FAA employees".
162. "Call Your Senator: Sen. Gillibrand on Trump 2.0 {{!}} The Brian Lehrer Show".
163. Lansford, Anna. (January 31, 2025). "Gillibrand Slams Trump Policy That Would Gut Social Security Administration, Make It Harder For Seniors To Receive Benefits".
164. (December 16, 2017). "Kirsten Gillibrand, Long a Champion of Women, Finds the Nation Joining Her". The New York Times.
165. Steinhauer, Jennifer. (November 16, 2017). "Bill Clinton Should Have Resigned Over Lewinsky Affair, Kirsten Gillibrand Says". The New York Times.
166. Spector, Joseph. (May 31, 2018). "Bill Clinton: Kirsten Gillibrand 'living in a different context' on resignation remark". Democrat and Chronicle.
167. (March 11, 2019). "Former Gillibrand aide resigned in protest over handling of sex harassment claims".
168. Thompson, Alex. (March 19, 2019). "Top Gillibrand aide to leave amid questions over sexual harassment investigation".
169. (March 4, 2021). "Double standard? Gillibrand in spotlight after Cuomo scandal".
170. "Democrats shying away from criticizing Andrew Cuomo".
171. Lehrer, Brian. (June 26, 2025). "Call Your Senator: Sen Gillibrand on Trump's 'Big Beautiful Betrayal,' Mamdani's Victory and More". WNYC.
172. Stuart, Tessa. (June 27, 2025). "N.Y. Senator 'Misspoke' When She Falsely Claimed Zohran Mamdani Condoned 'Global Jihad'".
173. Khurshid, Samar. "Eric Adams Launches General Election Campaign With De Blasio's Endorsement".
174. Ossé, Chi. "Senator Kirsten Gillibrand is one of the most EMBARASSING, DO NOTHING Democrats of our state (maybe even country).
     She needs to be primaried as soon as possible.".
175. Hasan, Mehdi. (June 26, 2025). "Medhi Hasan on Bluesky".
176. Coltin, Jeff. (July 1, 2025). "Gillibrand apologizes to Mamdani over 'jihad' comments". [[Politico]].
177. (June 14, 2020). "Gillibrand lists Rensselaer County home for sale".
178. "About".
179. "U.S. Presidents and Current Leaders in Federal Government".
180. Gillibrand, Kirsten. (2014). "Off the Sidelines: Raise Your Voice, Change the World". [[Ballantine Books]].
181. Torregrosa, Luisita Lopez. (September 4, 2014). "The Gillibrand mystique: Is memoir a step along presidential pathway?". The Washington Post Magazine.
182. Rhodan, Maya. (August 27, 2014). "Senator Says Male Colleague Told Her 'You're Even Pretty When You're Fat'".
183. Fowler, Tara. (August 27, 2014). "Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand: 'I Will Help Hillary Get Elected'". [[People (magazine).
184. Pillifant, Reid. (September 19, 2014). "Gillibrand book debuts on Times' best-seller list". CapNY, LLC.
185. (December 14, 2006). "2006 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections.
186. (September 14, 2010). "New York, Class I Special Election Senate Primary Results". Politico.
187. (December 13, 2008). "2010 Election Results". New York State Board of Elections.
188. "Archived copy".
189. "Certified November 5, 2024 General Election Results, approved 12.09.2024".