Backward invention

Definition

There are two definitions for a backward invention:

1. "Reintroducing earlier product forms that can be well adapted to a foreign country’s needs."
2. "Redesigning and producing a product for specific foreign markets after it is obsolete in industrialized countries."

Examples

The National Cash Register Company reintroduced a dumbed down version of its crank-operated cash register at a lower cost for South American and African markets.

Another example would be of the German book-publishing giant Bertelsmann in Ukraine, where the average person's salary is less and bookstores are hard to find. The old-fashioned book club is enjoying huge popularity there, whereas it has seen a decline in its Book-of-the-Month and Literary Guild units in both the United States and Europe. In Ukraine, however, these clubs are seeing profit margins triple the 4% global average. Bertelsmann also finds that these clubs draw a younger following than in the United States. The publisher also keeps prices low because its main competitor in Ukraine is the open air book market, where books sell very cheaply.

References

References

1. "Backwards Invention". Monash Business School.
2. "Marketing Management by Philip Kotler, Keller, Koshy and Jha 12th edition". Pearson.
3. "Courtland L. Bovee, John V. Thill". Marketing Encyclopedia.
4. "Glossary of MarketingTerminology". Mridul Greenwold.
5. (2009). "Marketing Management by Philip Kotler, Keller, Koshy and Jha 13th edition Pg 600". Pearson.