Alex Mooney

Early life, education, and early career

Mooney's mother, Lala, was a Cuban refugee who escaped political imprisonment at age 21, shortly after the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Her older brother is former Miami mayor Xavier Suarez, and Mooney is the cousin of former Miami mayor Francis Suarez. His great-grandparents on his father's side were Irish-born. His father, Vincent, grew up in Long Island, New York. Mooney was born in 1971 in Washington, D.C., and raised in Frederick, Maryland. He graduated from Frederick High School, where he was elected president of the student government.

In 1993, Mooney received his B.A. in philosophy from Dartmouth College. While attending Dartmouth, he ran for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Grafton County's 10th district. He finished in last place with 8% of the vote. In 2007, Mooney was elected to the Dartmouth College Association of Alumni's executive committee. In early 2008, he traveled to New Hampshire to testify in support of a state bill that would require legislative approval for amendments that the private Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College wished to make to its charter.

After college, Mooney interned for U.S. Representative Ed Royce and then served as staff assistant to U.S. Representative Roscoe Bartlett. In 1995, he became a legislative analyst for the House Republican Conference.

Maryland Senate

From 1999 to 2011, Mooney represented Maryland's 3rd district, which covers parts of Washington and Frederick counties, in the Maryland Senate. He served as the National Journalism Center's executive director from 2005 to 2012.

Elections

In 1998, Mooney defeated incumbent Republican John W. Derr in the primary election and Democrat Ronald S. Bird in the general election. In 2002, he was reelected, defeating Democrat Sue Hecht with 55% of the vote. In 2006, he won reelection with 52% of the vote against Candy Greenway. In 2010, Democrat Ronald N. Young, Mayor of Frederick, defeated him 51%–49%.

Committee assignments

In the Maryland State Senate, Mooney was a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee, the Joint Committee on Investigation, the Joint Committee on Federal Relations, and the Education, Health and Environmental Affairs Committee. He served on the Maryland Rural Caucus, the Taxpayers Protection Caucus, and the Maryland Veterans Caucus.

Post-Senate career

Chair of the Maryland GOP

On December 11, 2010, Mooney was elected chair of the Maryland Republican Party. He was chair until early 2013.

2012 congressional election

Main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland#District 6

Maryland's redistricting based on the 2010 census significantly redrew the boundaries of incumbent Roscoe Bartlett's 6th district. The district lost all of heavily Republican Carroll County, as well as some Republican-leaning parts of Baltimore, Frederick and Harford counties, while gaining a heavily Democratic spur of Montgomery County. In 2008, Barack Obama took 40% of the vote in the old 6th, but would have won 56% in the new 6th. After creating an exploratory committee to challenge Bartlett in the Republican primary, Mooney decided not to run against him.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2014

In March 2012, Mooney filed as a candidate in the 2014 Republican primary for Maryland's 6th congressional District. He subsequently had to withdraw his candidacy because he was still Bartlett's part-time outreach director at the time he filed to run. House ethics rules do not allow congressional staffers to remain employed in a congressional office while campaigning.

Mooney subsequently moved to Charles Town, West Virginia, a small town on the state's eastern tip, and declared his candidacy for . The district includes most of the West Virginia portion of the Washington media market. Seven-term Republican incumbent Shelley Moore Capito was giving up the seat to run for the United States Senate. During his campaign, some West Virginia Democrats accused Mooney of being a carpetbagger since he had recently moved to West Virginia.

Mooney received the Republican nomination on May 13, 2014, beating six other candidates. He finished first in 15 of the 17 counties in the congressional district, with 36.02% of the vote.

Mooney defeated Democrat Nick Casey in the 2014 general election, 47% to 44%. He won Berkeley County, in the state's Eastern Panhandle, by 5,000 votes, which was more than his overall margin of 4,900 votes. Like Charles Town, Berkeley is part of the Washington media market. Mooney was also helped by long coattails from Capito, who carried every county in the state.

Mooney became the first Latino elected to West Virginia's congressional delegation in the state's history.

2016

In 2016, Mooney defeated Republican primary challenger Marc Savitt, 72.9%-27.1%. In the general election, Mooney defeated Democratic state delegate Mark Hunt, 58.2%-41.8%.

2018

In 2018, Mooney defeated former U.S. State Department official Talley Sergent, 53.9%-43.0%.

2020

In 2020, Mooney defeated Republican primary challenger Matt Hann, 71.7%-28.3%. In the general election, he defeated energy policy analyst Cathy Kunkel, 63.1%-36.9%.

2022

West Virginia lost a congressional seat as a result of the 2020 United States census. The legislature dismantled Mooney's old district and divided the state into northern and southern districts, and abandoned its longtime practice of starting the numbering in the north. Instead, most of the western portion of the old 2nd, including Charleston, was combined with the bulk of the old 3rd district to form a new 1st district. Meanwhile, most of the eastern portion of the old 2nd, including Mooney's home, was merged with the old 1st district, represented by six-term Republican David McKinley, to form the new 2nd district. Both McKinley and Mooney announced plans to run for reelection. Although the new 2nd was geographically more McKinley's district than Mooney's, Mooney won the Republican primary on May 10, 2022.

Tenure

Mooney was sworn in on January 3, 2015. On March 26, 2015, he introduced H.R. 1644, the Supporting Transparent Regulatory and Environmental Actions in Mining Act (STREAM Act). The House passed the bill on January 19, 2016, by a vote of 235–188.

Ethics investigations

In two May 2022 reports, the Office of Congressional Ethics determined that Mooney had "likely violated House rules and federal law" by accepting impermissible gifts and using official resources for personal purposes. The reports found that Mooney and his family had accepted more than $10,800 from a company tied to Mooney on a vacation to Aruba; that Mooney had stayed at a Capitol Hill home owned by the same company's founders for free approximately 20 times from 2015 to 2021, using it for lodging, congressional business, and campaign events; that Mooney had regularly diverted official resources (including staff time) for personal and family matters, and sometimes for campaign activities; and that Mooney had "likely" provided false testimony and withheld evidence in the course of an OCE investigation against him. Mooney denied any misconduct.

Committee assignments

• United States House Committee on Financial Services

Caucus memberships

• Freedom Caucus
• Congressional Western Caucus
• Republican Study Committee
• Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans
• Second Amendment Caucus

2024 U.S. Senate election

On November 15, 2022, Mooney announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in 2024, seeking to challenge incumbent Democratic senator Joe Manchin.

In the Republican party primary, Mooney drew support from the right wing faction of the party, notably by influential Senators Ted Cruz, Rand Paul, and Mike Lee, as well as former Freedom Caucus chair Jim Jordan. His main opponent was incumbent governor Jim Justice, who gained support from the establishment wing of the party including endorsements from incumbent Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell and, ultimately, former President Donald Trump. Justice ultimately defeated Mooney, 61.8% to 26.5%.

Post-legislative career

In February 2025, Mooney became a senior advisor to NumbersUSA.

Political positions

Gold standard

Mooney supports a return to the gold standard.

Foreign and military policy

Mooney was among 60 Republicans to oppose condemning Trump's action of withdrawing forces from Syria. Along with Matt Gaetz and a handful of Republicans, Mooney broke with his party and voted to end assistance to Saudi Arabia in the War in Yemen.

In 2021, Mooney was one of 14 Republican representatives to vote against a resolution condemning the Myanmar coup d'état. It was unclear why Mooney voted against the measure.

In June 2021, Mooney was one of 49 House Republicans to vote to repeal the 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq.

In 2023, Mooney was among 47 Republicans to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21, which directed President Joe Biden to remove U.S. troops from Syria within 180 days.

Marijuana policy

Mooney has a "B" rating from NORML for his voting record on cannabis-related matters.

Immigration

Mooney voted against the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 1158), which effectively prohibits ICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs).

In 2022, NumbersUSA, which seeks to reduce both legal and illegal immigration, gave him a 98% score; in 2019–20, the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which also supports immigration controls, gave him a 100% rating.

Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election result

In December 2020, Mooney was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state.

In the days leading up to the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count, he said he had not decided whether he would vote to certify, choosing to decide on the House Floor after listening to debate. Mooney did not support the objection to Arizona's electoral votes, which was sponsored by Senator Ted Cruz. Mooney was in the House Chamber listening to the certification debate when Trump supporters attacked the United States Capitol. He hid in the gallery with other members of Congress before being removed to a safe place.

After the Capitol was secure and Congress returned to certify the results, Mooney supported the objection to certifying Pennsylvania's electoral votes, as sponsored by Senator Josh Hawley. Mooney claimed that Pennsylvania violated election laws, ignored its constitution and that the "legislature was subverted." In response to his decision, the Charleston Gazette-Mail editorial board charged him with "subverting democracy" and said that he and Representative Carol Miller were complicit in the Capitol attack by their unwavering support of Trump.

On January 11, 2021, the Democrats introduced a resolution to call on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to remove Trump in response to the attack on the Capitol. When the resolution was presented, Mooney objected, saying that Congress "should not adopt a resolution of this magnitude without any debate on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. It is wrong to have sent members of Congress home and then try to adopt without any debate a precedent-setting resolution that could imperil our Republic."

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

Mooney was among the 71 Republicans who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.

Electoral history

West Virginia

Maryland

• 2010 race for Maryland State Senate – District 3 :{|class="wikitable" width="500px" |- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome |- |Ronald N. Young, Dem. |22,710 |51.1% |Won |- |Alex X. Mooney, Rep. |21,666 |48.7% |Lost |- |Other Write-Ins |75 |0.2% |Lost |}
• 2006 race for Maryland State Senate – District 3 :{|class="wikitable" width="500px" |- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome |- |Alex X. Mooney, Rep. |21,844 |51.9% |Won |- |Candy O. Greenway, Dem. |20,111 |47.8% |Lost |- |Other Write-Ins |104 |0.2% |Lost |}
• 2002 race for Maryland State Senate – District 3 :{|class="wikitable" width="500px" |- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome |- |Alex X. Mooney, Rep. |21,617 |55.0% |Won |- |C. Sue Hecht, Dem. |17,654 |44.9% |Lost |- |Other Write-Ins |66 |0.2% |Lost |}
• 1998 race for Maryland State Senate – District 3 :{|class="wikitable" width="500px" |- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome |- |Alex X. Mooney, Rep. |18,399 |56% |Won |- |Ronald S. Bird, Dem. |14,212 |44% |Lost |}

New Hampshire

• 1992 Race for New Hampshire State House – Grafton 10 :{|class="wikitable" width="500px" |- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome |- |Sharon Nordgren, Dem. |3,540 |18.96% |Won |- |Marion L. Copenhaver, Dem. |3,484 |18.66% |Won |- |Elizabeth L. Crory, Dem. |3,286 |17.60% |Won |- |Robert Guest, Dem. |3,219 |17.24% |Won |- |Linde McNamara, Rep. |1,820 |9.75% |Lost |- |Fred Carleton, Rep. |1,742 |9.33% |Lost |- |Alex X. Mooney, Rep. |1,580 |8.46% |Lost |}

Personal life

Mooney and his wife, Grace Mooney, live in Charles Town, West Virginia, with their three children. Mooney is Roman Catholic.

References

References

1. {{CongLinks
2. (10 September 2025). "Ethics watchdog asks DOJ to probe Mooney for alleged lobbying against federal law". Charleston Gazette-Mail.
3. Wagner, John. (February 9, 2013). "Alex X. Mooney announces resignation as Maryland GOP chairman".
4. Dresser, Michael. (November 24, 2012). "Defeats lead to calls for Maryland Republican chief's ouster".
5. Wagner, John. (April 21, 2013). "New Maryland GOP chairwoman Waterman seeks pickups in legislature".
6. (November 4, 2014). "West Virginia, the nation's least Hispanic state, elects its first Latino congressman". [[Fox News Channel.
7. "West Virginia's GOP Rep. Mooney announces 2024 Senate run".
8. "Home".
9. Van Buren, Eleanor. (October 29, 2020). "Don't Throw Out Your Intern ID Badge. You May Want It When You're in Congress". [[Roll Call]].
10. "Ourcampaigns.com". Ourcampaigns.com.
11. "Dartmouth Alumni". Trustees of Dartmouth College.
12. Gregg, John. (January 22, 2008). "College Charter Bill Advances". The Valley News.
13. Desmon, Stephanie. (October 21, 2002). "Frederick Senate race has harsh tone; 'Dirty' maneuvering marks contentious contest between Hecht, Mooney". [[The Baltimore Sun]].
14. (2014). "Gubernatorial Primary – September 15, 1998". Washington County Board of Elections.
15. (2014). "2002 Gubernatorial General – Official Results". Maryland State Board of Elections.
16. (2014). "Official 2006 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
17. (2014). "2010 General Election Official Results". Maryland Local Board of Elections.
18. "Ourcampaigns.com". Ourcampaigns.com.
19. (November 11, 2011). "Republicans Outnumber Dems Running for GOP Rep's Maryland Seat". Fox News.
20. Ford, C. Benjamin. (November 18, 2011). "GOP candidates lining up to take on Bartlett". Gazette.Net.
21. Pershing, Ben. (December 1, 2011). "State GOP chair Alex Mooney to challenge Roscoe Bartlett in primary". The Washington Post.
22. Pershing, Ben. (January 10, 2012). "State GOP Chair Alex Mooney won't challenge Bartlett in primary". The Washington Post.
23. Pershing, Ben. (September 20, 2012). "Bartlett aide, state GOP head Alex Mooney drops candidacy to comply with ethics rules". The Washington Post.
24. Kilar, Steve. (September 22, 2012). "Bartlett aide admits he erred by not disavowing his own candidacy". The Baltimore Sun.
25. Ford, C. Benjamin. (March 19, 2013). "Mooney's West Virginia move surprises Maryland GOP". Gazette.Net.
26. Messina, Lawrence. (July 14, 2013). "2014 field growing in W.Va. federal races". Sunday Gazette-Mail.
27. (July 10, 2014). "At the Races – Roll Call's Politics Blog West Virginia Newcomer Battles Carpetbagger Label". Roll Call.
28. (2014). "Statewide Results: Primary Election – May 13, 2014". West Virginia Secretary of State.
29. Walshe, Shushannah. (May 13, 2014). "Tea Party's Alex Mooney Wins West Virginia GOP House Primary". ABC News.
30. Vergaris, Brock. (November 4, 2014). "GOP's Mooney wins W.Va. 2nd congressional seat". [[The Journal (West Virginia newspaper).
31. "West Virginia Senate results -- 2014 Election Center -- Elections and Politics from CNN.com".
32. (April 23, 2016). "Mooney faces 2nd District GOP challenger; 5 Dems square off". The Tampa Tribune.
33. "NYT West Virginia Primary Results".
34. (November 16, 2016). "West Virginia U.S. House 2nd District Results: Alex Mooney Wins". The New York Times.
35. (November 8, 2016). "West Virginia Statewide Results General Election – November 8, 2016 Official Results". West Virginia Secretary of State.
36. "Election Night Reporting".
37. "Election Night Reporting".
38. "Alex Mooney wins Republican nomination for 2nd Congressional District".
39. Mooney, Alexander X.. (2016-01-19). "Actions - H.R.1644 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Supporting Transparent Regulatory and Environmental Actions in Mining Act".
40. Chris Marquette, [https://rollcall.com/2022/05/23/rep-alex-mooney-likely-violated-house-rules-and-federal-law-ethics-office-concludes/ Rep. Alex Mooney 'likely violated House rules and federal law,' ethics office concludes], ''Roll Call'' (May 23, 2022).
41. The OCE transmitted the reports to the [[House Ethics Committee]], which opened an investigation into Mooney's conduct.Felicia Sonmez, Amy B Wang and Marianna Sotomayor, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/05/23/house-ethics-committee-investigating-reps-cawthorn-jackson-mooney/ House Ethics Committee investigating Reps. Cawthorn, Jackson, Mooney], ''Washington Post'' (May 23, 2022).
42. (October 20, 2015). "What is the House Freedom Caucus, and who's in it?". Pew research center.
43. "Members". Congressional Western Caucus.
44. "Member List". Republican Study Committee.
45. "Members of the Caucus on U.S. - Türkiye Relations & Turkish Americans". Turkish Coalition of America.
46. McElhinny, Brad. (November 15, 2022). "Mooney announces for Senate, revving up race to take on Manchin". [[West Virginia MetroNews]].
47. EVERETT, BURGESS. (6 May 2024). "‘Waste of a seat’: Manchin’s succession becomes a magnet for anti-establishment Republicans".
48. EVERETT, BURGESS. (4 August 2023). "Republicans have a plan to oust Manchin. This conservative won’t get out of the way.".
49. Hannahs, Alyssa. (2024-05-15). "Gov. Jim Justice wins West Virginia GOP Senate primary".
50. (February 4, 2025). "GOP holds up AIB nominations, balking at a justice, prepping for State of the State, more notes". [[Maryland Matters]].
51. Mooney, Alex. (March 25, 2018). "Steel and Aluminum? Let's Talk About Gold". WSJ.
52. Mooney, Alexander X.. (2021-05-25). "H.R.3526 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): To provide for the first true audit of gold owned by the United States in more than 65 years, and subsequent audits every 5 years.".
53. (May 27, 2021). "U.S. Congressman Seeks Full Audit of America's Gold Reserves".
54. Willis, Derek. (August 12, 2015). "Opposes Withdrawal of U.S. Forces in... - H.J.RES.77: Opposing the decision to end certain United...".
55. (November 19, 2019). "The Small But Brave Cadre of Conservative Anti-War Republicans".
56. (March 19, 2021). "14 House Republicans vote against a measure condemning military coup in Myanmar". CNN.
57. (June 17, 2021). "House votes to repeal 2002 Iraq War authorization".
58. (2021). "Final vote results for roll call 172".
59. (March 8, 2023). "H.Con.Res. 21: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of … -- House Vote #136 -- Mar 8, 2023".
60. (March 8, 2023). "House Votes Down Bill Directing Removal of Troops From Syria".
61. "Alex Mooney (R - WV)".
62. "H.R. 1158: DHS Cyber Hunt and Incident Response Teams Act … -- House Vote #690 -- Dec 17, 2019".
63. "Alex Mooney's Ratings and Endorsements".
64. (December 5, 2020). "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president".
65. Liptak, Adam. (2020-12-11). "Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election". The New York Times.
66. (2020-12-11). "Order in Pending Case". [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
67. Diaz, Daniella. "Brief from 126 Republicans supporting Texas lawsuit in Supreme Court". [[CNN]].
68. (January 6, 2021). "West Virginia congressional delegation weigh in on Electoral College count". WCHS.
69. (January 8, 2021). "Certification Vote Divides W.Va., Ohio Delegations". The Intelligencer.
70. (January 6, 2021). "W.Va. congressional representative says he was equipped with 'escape hood'". WCHS.
71. (January 8, 2021). "Gazette-Mail editorial: Miller, Mooney wrong to try and thwart election". Charleston Gazette-Mail.
72. (January 11, 2021). "Mooney objects to Pelosi bid to invoke 25th Amendment on Trump by unanimous consent". WV News.
73. Gans, Jared. (May 31, 2023). "Republicans and Democrats who bucked party leaders by voting no". [[The Hill (newspaper).
74. "State Senate Results". Maryland State Board of Elections.
75. "State Senate Results". Maryland State Board of Elections.
76. (1993). "Manual for the General Court".
77. "About".
78. (January 24, 2021). "Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress".