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1988 South Korean legislative election

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Field	Value
country	South Korea
flag_year	1984
type	legislative
previous_election	1985 South Korean legislative election
previous_year	1985
next_election	1992 South Korean legislative election
next_year	1992
turnout	75.77% (8.80pp)
seats_for_election	All 299 seats to the National Assembly
majority_seats	150
election_date	26 April 1988
image1	Roh Tae-woo - cropped, 1989-Mar-13.jpg
leader1	Roh Tae-woo
party1	Democratic Justice Party
color1
last_election1	148 seats
seats1	125
seat_change1	23
popular_vote1	6,670,494
percentage1	33.96%
swing1	1.29pp
leader2	Park Yeong-suk
party2	Peace Democratic Party
last_election2	Did not exist
seats2	70
seat_change2	New
popular_vote2	3,783,279
percentage2	19.26%
swing2	New
leader4	Kim Myeong-yun
party4	Reunification Democratic Party
last_election4	Did not exist
seats4	59
seat_change4	New
popular_vote4	4,680,175
percentage4	23.83%
swing4	New
image5	Kim Jong-pil.png
leader5	Kim Jong-pil
party5	New Democratic Republican Party
last_election5	Did not exist
seats5	35
seat_change5	New
popular_vote5	3,062,506
percentage5	15.59%
swing5	New
title	Speaker
before_election	Lee Jae-hyung
before_party	Democratic Justice Party
after_election	Kim Jae-soon
after_party	Democratic Justice Party
map_size	300px
map_caption	Results by constituency
map_image	1988_South_Korea_Legislative_Election_result_map.svg

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 26 April 1988. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Justice Party (DJP), which won 125 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 75.8%. This was the first time the ruling party did not win a majority in the National Assembly since 1960, the first free and fair elections in Korean history. In January 1990, the DJP merged with other two opposition parties, leaving the Kim Dae-jung-led Peace Democratic Party to be the sole opposition party.

Electoral system

Of the 299 seats, 224 were elected in single-member districts via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were allocated via proportional representation at the national level among parties that won five or more seats in constituencies. One-half of those seats would be awarded to the top party (which was then eliminated from further consideration for national seats), with the remainder allocated based on vote share.

Political parties

Parties	Leader	Ideology	Seats	Status	Last election
Democratic Justice Party}}"		Democratic Justice Party	Roh Tae-woo	Conservatism
Reunification Democratic Party}}"		Reunification Democratic Party	Kim Myeong-yun	Liberalism	Did not exist
Peace Democratic Party}}"		Peace Democratic Party	Park Yeong-suk
New Democratic Republican Party}}"		New Democratic Republican Party	Kim Jong-pil	Conservatism
Democratic Korea Party}}"		Democratic Korea Party	Yu Chi-song	Liberalism
New Korean Democratic Party}}"		New Korean Democratic Party	Shin Do-hwan
Korean National Party}}"		Korean National Party	Lee Man-sup	Conservatism
	New Socialist Party		Socialism		Dissolved
	New Democratic Party	Ryu Gap-jong	Liberalism		Dissolved

The governing Democratic Justice Party (DJP) had recently elected President Roh Tae-woo. While remaining the largest party, the DJP lost an absolute congressional majority. The party was hindered by a stronger opposition and the unpopularity of former party leader and President Chun Doo-hwan.

The opposition Peace Democratic Party led by veteran opposition leader Kim Dae-jung became the second largest party, winning more seats than another opposition Reunification Democratic Party (RDP). This was vindication for Kim Dae-jung, who came had come third in the 1987 South Korean presidential election. However, the election also showed the party's limitations, coming in as third place after DJP and RDP in popular vote and only winning seats in the Honam and Sudogwon, and nowhere outside of them.

For Kim Young-sam's Reunification Democratic Party the election was a major setback, winning third most seats in congress. This was after Kim had placed second in the first democratic presidential election, just ahead of Kim Dae-jung.

The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP) led by former prime Minister Kim Jong-pil came a distant fourth. However, thanks to the failure of the DJP to win an absolute majority, the oppositions emerged as the major powerbrokers in the new National Assembly.

In January 1990, the DJP merged with the parties of Kim Young-sam and Kim Jong-pil to form the Democratic Liberal Party, with the former becoming its nominee in the 1992 presidential elections.

There were 224 constituency seats and 75 at large seats elected from lists in proportion to parties' share of constituency seats.

Results

By city/province

Region	Total
seats	Seats won	DJP	PDP	RDP	NDRP	HDP	Ind.	Democratic Justice Party (1987)}}"	Peace Democratic Party}}"	Reunification Democratic Party}}"	New Democratic Republican Party}}"	Hankyoreh Democratic Party}}"	Independents}}"	Seoul	42	Busan	15	Daegu	8	Incheon	7	Gwangju	5	Gyeonggi	28	Gangwon	14	North Chungcheong	9	South Chungcheong	18	North Jeolla	14	South Jeolla	18	North Gyeongsang	21	South Gyeongsang	22	Jeju	3	Constituency total	224	87	54	46	27	1	9	PR list	75	38	16	13	8	0	0	Total	299	125	70	59	35	1	9
10	17	10	3	0	2
1	0	14	0	0	0
8	0	0	0	0	0
6	0	1	0	0	0
0	5	0	0	0	0
16	1	4	6	0	1
8	0	3	1	0	2
7	0	0	2	0	0
2	0	2	13	0	1
0	14	0	0	0	0
0	17	0	0	1	0
17	0	2	2	0	0
12	0	9	0	0	1
0	0	1	0	0	2

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II'', p420 {{ISBN. 0-19-924959-8

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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