14th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment

1864: Battle of Cove Mountain, Battle of Lynchburg, Second Battle of Kernstown, Battle of Moorefield, Third Battle of Winchester, Battle of Fisher's Hill, Battle of Cedar Creek, Action at Nineveh | | James M. Schoonmaker | | William Blakeley | | Thomas Gibson | | John M. Daily | | Shadrack Foley | | Ashbell F. Duncan |

The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment (also known as the 159th Pennsylvania Volunteers) was a cavalry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Most of its fighting happened in the last half of 1863 and full year 1864. The regiment fought mainly in West Virginia and Virginia, often as part of a brigade or division commanded by Brigadier General William W. Averell and later Brigadier General William Powell.

The regiment was organized near Pittsburgh between August and November 1862. With the exception of one company from the Philadelphia area, its recruits were from western Pennsylvania. The regiment's original commander, Colonel James M. Schoonmaker, was one of the youngest regimental commanders in the Union Army at 20 years old. Pittsburgh attorney William Blakeley was the regiment's original lieutenant colonel.

The regiment saw significant action at the Battle of White Sulphur Springs, Battle of Droop Mountain, Battle of Moorefield, and the Third Battle of Winchester. The regiment had two officers and 97 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, while disease killed 296 enlisted men. The three original majors were Thomas Gibson, Shadrack Foley, and John M. Daily. Captain Thomas R. Kerr won the Medal of Honor for capturing a regimental flag at Moorefield where he was an advance scout, while Schoonmaker received the same award for action at the Third Battle of Winchester.

James M. Schoonmaker, of Pittsburgh, began recruiting during August 1862. At the time, he was a lieutenant in the Union's 1st Maryland Cavalry Regiment. With the exception of Philadelphia's Company A, recruiting was conducted in western Pennsylvania. The men were mustered into service from August 21 through November 4, 1862, for three years. The regiment was mustered into service on November 23, 1862, as the 14th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry. In Pennsylvania, the regiment was also known as the One Hundred and Fifty-Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, since it was the 159th regiment of any branch raised in Pennsylvania.

Original leadership was Schoonmaker as Colonel and William H. Blakeley as lieutenant colonel. Thomas Gibson, Shadrack Foley, and John M. Daily were majors commanding the First, Second, and Third battalions, respectively. Schoonmaker was only 20 years and four months old at the time, making him one of the youngest regiment commanders in the Union Army. The regiment spent time at Camp Howe and Camp Montgomery, near Pittsburgh, before moving to Hagerstown, Maryland on November 24, where it received horses, arms, and equipment. On December 28, the regiment moved to Harper's Ferry, Virginia, where it was assigned picket and reconnaissance (scouting) duty.

On May 7, 1863, a detachment of unmounted men was left in Harper's Ferry under the command of Major Foley, while the remaining portion of the regiment joined the 4th Separate Brigade of the VIII Army Corps at Grafton, Virginia (now West Virginia). Grafton had a terminal for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (a.k.a. B&O Railroad), and the Union Army used the railroad for hauling soldiers and supplies. The regiment was initially tasked with duty protecting the nearby communities of Philippi, Beverly and Webster. On May 23, Brigadier General William W. Averell took command of the brigade, relieving Brigadier General Benjamin S. Roberts. Averell's 4th Separate Brigade consisted of one cavalry regiment, three mounted infantry regiments, two infantry regiments, a cavalry battalion, and two batteries.

Col. Schoonmaker

On July 2, 1863, the 10th West Virginia Infantry Regiment was attacked by 1,700 Confederate soldiers and nearly surrounded near its camp in Beverly. Two squadrons of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, under the command of Major Gibson, were sent to Beverly, and arrived about four miles (6.4 km) north of town around 3:00 am on July 3. They surprised Confederate infantry along the Cheat River at about 8:00 am, and drove them back to a breastworks.

The regiment took part in the pursuit of Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia as it was retreating after the Battle of Gettysburg] to Virginia. On July 4, Major Foley led a force of 300 men (including men from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry and other regiments) that burned a bridge over the Potomac River and captured enemy soldiers. On July 13, Colonel Schoonmaker led most of the regiment as it was involved with capturing one of Lee's supply trains and several hundred prisoners. Foley's detachment rejoined the regiment shortly after July 15.

Union Army plan

Averell received new orders, dated August 12, to retrieve law books from Lewisburg and attack several targets at points in between. Significant fighting began on the morning of August 26 west of White Sulphur Springs when Averell's advance guard was intercepted by Confederate troops.

A soldier from another regiment wrote that during the battle the 14th Pennsylvania "made one of the most daring charges of the war, not only facing a murderous storm of leaden hail from the front but also, to their surprise, received an enfilading fire along their flank from a large body of infantry concealed in a cornfield...." The charge was led by Colonel Schoonmaker and Captain John Bird from Company G. Bird was wounded, captured, and eventually taken to Libby Prison. Schoonmaker's horse was shot but he escaped on a dead soldier's horse.

Over 100 men from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry were killed, wounded, or captured in the battle—nearly half of all Union casualties. Fighting ended by the morning of the next day as both sides were almost out of ammunition. The battle became known as the Battle of White Sulphur Springs, and Averell was prevented from reaching Lewisburg.

Schoonmaker and the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, with most of the artillery, occupied the main road to Droop Mountain

On October 23, Averell was ordered to capture, or drive away, a Confederate force stationed near Lewisburg in Greenbrier County, West Virginia. After Lewisburg, Averell was to attack the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad near Dublin Station if practicable, and destroy the railroad bridge over the New River.

Averell departed on November 1, and his force was intercepted before it could get to Lewisburg. At Droop Mountain on the November 6, Schoonmaker commanded a portion of Averell's force that included the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry and most of the artillery. They created a diversion that enabled two of Averell's infantry regiments to flank the Confederate mountaintop position, causing Confederate troops to be partially surrounded before they fled south to Lewisburg. When the fighting was mostly over, Gibson's Battalion was used to pursue the retreating Confederates. The Confederate troops were soundly defeated, but many escaped and the raid on the railroad was called off.

Most of the regement narrowly eluded capture in the return from the Salem Raid

Averell's raid on the Salem depot of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad began on December 8, when his brigade departed from New Creek (present day Keyser, West Virginia). Colonel Schoonmaker was sick and hospitalized, so the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel William H. Blakeley. Majors Daily and Foley were also with the regiment, and Major Gibson led his independent command.

The objective of the raid was to destroy portions of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was armed with Spencer seven-shot carbines, Colt's Navy revolvers, and sabers. After moving over 200 miles (320 km) in rain and snow, Averell's force reached Salem, Virginia, on December 16. The brigade spent only six hours destroying railroad infrastructure because they discovered that Major General Fitzhugh Lee's Cavalry Brigade was on a train moving to Salem.

On the return north, Averell split his command with Averell leading one column and Lieutenant Colonel Blakeley leading the other. They needed to cross a bridge across the Jackson River near Covington, Virginia. Averell's column was able to cross the bridge, but Blakeley's column met Confederate troops on the evening of December 19. Company A from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry and Blakeley were in the front of the column, and they were able to cross the bridge to join Averell. The remaining portion of the column (including most of the regiment) was cut off from the bridge as it was burned to slow the Confederate pursuit.

Fighting continued all night, with most of the regiment on the wrong side of the burnt bridge and Averell's column moving north. Confederate officers contacted the regiment's Major Foley demanding surrender, but Foley refused—and men from the regiment began shouting "the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry never surrenders". A place about two miles (3.2 km) upriver was successfully used to ford the river, and Foley's assumed-captured force caught up with Averell in the Allegheny Mountains. Casualties for the regiment were six drowned, five wounded, and 25 captured in the attempted bridge crossing.

At the beginning of 1864, Averell's Brigade, including the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, had its winter quarters at Martinsburg, West Virginia. Averell was given command of the 2nd Cavalry Division, which included the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry in a brigade commanded by Colonel Schoonmaker. Brigadier General Duffié commanded the other brigade. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was commanded by Major Daily.

In late April, Averell's division joined Brigadier General George Crook for dual raids on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. Averell led a cavalry force of 2,079 men and attacked further west from Crook. Averell abandoned an attack on a salt mine when he discovered his route to the mine was blocked by a larger force. He proceeded east toward Wytheville and its lead mine, to "prevent the enemy from concentrating against General Crook". On May 10, Averell's cavalry fought in the Battle of Cove Mountain. Schoonmaker's brigade started the fighting in the four-hour battle. In inconclusive fighting, Averell's cavalry was prevented from moving through Cove Gap to Wytheville and a lead mine. Union losses were 114 casualties. Averell's force escaped at night over the mountains using a difficult route, and eventually destroyed 26 bridges and portions of railroad track between Christiansburg and the New River.

Averell and Crook arrived in Staunton on June 8 as ordered by Hunter, and the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry and its detachment were reunited. The cavalry was reorganized on June 9, with Duffié in command of the 1st Division and Averell in command of the 2nd Division. Schoonmaker commanded one of three brigades in the 2nd Division, and it consisted of the 8th Ohio Cavalry Regiment and the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Major Daily commanded the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry.

Averell's division reached New London while Confederate reinforcements began arriving at Lynchburg

Advancing toward Lynchburg, Averell's division arrived in Lexington on June 11, with the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry in the advance. Schoonmaker's brigade drove away Confederate troops commanded by Brigadier General John McCausland—and cadets from the Virginia Military Institute (a.k.a. VMI). Hunter ordered the VMI buildings bombed and destroyed, and relieved Schoonmaker from command because Schoonmaker did not burn VMI immediately when he took the town. On the next day, Hunter ordered Schoonmaker to proceed south with his brigade, and handed Schoonmaker a paper that said Hunter's treatment of Schoonmaker "had been under a misapprehension".

At sunrise on June 17, Averell moved toward Lynchburg until it was about four miles (6.4 km) away. At that time, a battle began with Schoonmaker's brigade arriving first and deploying on the left side of the pike. The other two brigades arrived next. The cavalry fought dismounted until late in the afternoon, when it was replaced by infantry and artillery. Fighting continued on the next day with the cavalry back in front, although the Union forces were on the defensive instead of attacking. That evening the Union Army retreated westward. The regiment's casualties from June 10 through June 23 totaled 27. Losses for all divisions were 938.

Br. Gen. Averell

In early July, the regiment left Charleston, West Virginia, and took a three-day train ride with their horses from Parkersburg to the rail station at Martinsburg. They were part of the 1st Brigade, 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of West Virginia. The regiment, brigade, and division commanders were still the same, and Hunter was still commander of the Department of West Virginia, but Brigadier General Crook commanded the army in the field. While portions of the Union army were still arriving in the Martinsburg area, Averell's partial force won the July 20 Battle of Rutherford's Farm. Prior to the battle, Averell sent portions of the regiment to the east and west sides of the eventual battlefield, so the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry did not participate in the fighting.

On July 24, Crook ordered Averell to conduct a flanking maneuver near the Front Royal road to cut off what Crook believed was a small band of Confederates. By 11:00 am, Schoonmaker's brigade began the maneuver as the advance. Schoonmaker discovered a huge Confederate force trying to turn the Union left flank. Soon Averell's force of 1,500 men had 3,000 Confederate infantry soldiers on the right and 2,200 enemy cavalry soldiers on the left. While Crook's infantry was falling back, Confederate infantry tried to cut off Averell from the rest of Crook's army. Confederate infantry on foot could not outrace Averell's cavalry, but they did cause a panic—especially Schoonmaker's brigade that had absorbed the brunt of the initial attack. Union forces retreated through Winchester, continued across the Potomac River, and finally stopped at Hagerstown, Maryland. The Second Battle of Kernstown was a major defeat for Crook. Union casualties were 1,185 killed, wounded or missing; including 13 for the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry.

During late July and early August, Colonel Schoonmaker was running a camp for dismounted cavalry in Pleasant Valley, Maryland. Lieutenant Colonel Blakeley led a detachment from the dismounted cavalry camp that assisted Brigadier General Wesley Merritt's division in August, and he was badly injured in an incident with his horse. The remaining portion of the regiment was with Averell, who was stationed in Hagerstown and had troops guarding nearby fords along the Potomac River. Averell had only 1,260 men and two pieces of artillery in his command. Major Gibson, who had been leading an independent cavalry battalion, returned to the regiment, and was assigned command of the 1st Brigade. Captain Thomas R. Kerr was assigned command of the regiment.

Chambersburg ruins after burning on July 30, 1864

After Early's victory in the Second Battle of Kernstown, he sent two cavalry brigades north under the command of McCausland. On July 30, McCausland burnt the town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and then moved west. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, led by Major Gibson, entered the town's main street too late to save anything.

On August 3, Averell received an order to continue his pursuit of McCausland and attack "wherever found". He learned that McCausland was moving south toward Moorefield, West Virginia. Averell also received 500 reinforcements, increasing his force to 1,760 soldiers. McCausland's cavalry had about 3,000 riders plus a battery of four guns. McCausland set up camp in West Virginia on the pike where it crosses the South Branch Potomac River near Moorefield. His brigade camped on the south side of the river, while Bradley Johnson's Brigade camped on the north side.

After a pursuit that began in Chambersburg, Averell caught McCausland near Moorefield

Averell's main force continued south from Romney at 1:00 am on August 7. The force was led by a group of scouts dressed in Confederate uniforms, followed by the main force far enough behind that it could not be detected. The scouts were led by Captain Kerr of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Kerr selected his soldiers for the mission, and most were from Company C or D. They moved forward on foot in darkness and fog. At about 2:30 am, Kerr's scouts began deceiving and capturing various squads of pickets posted along the main road.

Early in the morning, about 60 of Kerr's scouts, wearing Confederate uniforms, entered Johnson's camp and calmly moved further south past the Confederate 1st Maryland Cavalry. Then Gibson's Brigade, including the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, attacked Johnson's surprised men, and captured more than they could control. Johnson himself was captured, but escaped after being sent to the rear unrecognized. Kerr was shot in the face and thigh, and his horse killed—yet he captured the flag of the 8th Virginia Cavalry and rode away on the color bearer's horse.

McCausland's Brigade had some warning of the attack, but was defeated and scattered by one of Averell's other brigades. In total, Averell captured 27 officers and 393 enlisted men, 4 artillery pieces, and 400 horses. The Confederate killed and wounded was unknown. Union losses were 7 killed and 21 wounded. A Union soldier estimated that the "loss to the enemy in killed, wounded and captured was near eight hundred". Captain Thomas R. Kerr, of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, was awarded the Medal of Honor.

In mid-August, Major General Philip Sheridan reorganized his cavalry. Brigadier General Alfred Torbert was made commander of the Cavalry Corps. Averell was made commander of the 2nd Division, with Schoonmaker and Colonel William H. Powell as his brigade commanders. Schoonmaker's 1st Brigade of cavalry regiments consisted of the 14th Pennsylvania, 22nd Pennsylvania, and 8th Ohio. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry would now be fighting in the Shenandoah Valley as part of a large army.

Schoonmaker's Brigade was part of the Union attack from the north.

On September 19, Sheridan's army of 40,000 soldiers defeated Early's army of 15,000 in the Third Battle of Winchester (a.k.a. the Battle of Opequon Creek). While a large portion of the Union Army attacked from the east, Averell's cavalry and an additional cavalry division attacked from the north. Major Foley had been wounded earlier in the month, so Captain Ashbel F. Duncan led the regiment.

Close to the north edge of town, Averell ordered Schoonmaker's brigade to capture Star Fort, which stood on a hill on the northwest side. The fort had a well-supported battery, and the brigade's first charge was unsuccessful. A new line of about 300 fighters from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was formed and led by Captain Duncan, who attempted to capture the fort's guns while another portion of the regiment moved around the flank of the enemy. While this was happening, Schoonmaker was notified that Duncan had been killed while partially up the hill. Schoonmaker hurried up the hill to lead in person, and found the badly–wounded Duncan still alive and mounted. The regiment captured one of the Confederate cannons and about 300 soldiers while the rest of the Confederates fled before they were surrounded.

Duncan was shot seven times, and was carried off the field to die. Captain William W. Miles became the regiment's commander. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry had 14 of the 19 casualties for Schoonmaker's brigade. Schoonmaker was later awarded the Medal of Honor for the capture of the fort. Summarizing the battle, Confederate General Early wrote that his army "deserved the victory, and would have had it, but for the enemy's immense superiority in cavalry, which alone gave it to him".

The Battle of Fisher's Hill occurred on September 21–22, 1864. Sheridan's army again defeated Early's army. The battle took place further south of Winchester near the Valley Pike, slightly south of Strasburg, Virginia. In this battle, Schoonmaker's brigade attacked the front of the Confederate left while Crook's infantry flanked the Confederate left using a concealed approach from North Mountain. Early's men fled south in disorder, and were pursued by the other half of Averell's division, Powell's Brigade. Casualties were light for the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, one man wounded of the brigade's total of two. After the battle, Sheridan pressured his commanders to pursue Early's retreating army, and became impatient with Averell. On September 23, Averell was replaced with Powell. Averell chose two companies from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Companies A and H, to escort him to Winchester.

The 14th Pennsylvania was near Harrisonburg and Staunton in late September

Following the Battle of Fisher's Hill, the two armies continued south along the pike. Major Daily commanded the regiment while Schoonmaker commanded the 1st Brigade. Lieutenant Colonel Blakeley was in Pittsburgh for a court martial case, Major Gibson was under arrest, and Major Foley was still in a hospital for his wounds. Powell's Division patrolled the areas around Harrisonburg, Mount Crawford, and Staunton.

The division arrived at Weyer's Cave in the afternoon of September 26, and Schoonmaker's Brigade crossed the South River and attacked enemy cavalry. The brigade drove the Confederate cavalry east until it encountered infantry and artillery. Fighting until dark, the brigade returned to Weyer's Cave on the west side of the river. On the morning of September 27, a Confederate artillery shell flew through Schoonmaker's headquarters and exploded harmlessly beyond it. The 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was quickly formed in line and charged the enemy. Soon it was discovered that they were fighting as many as five Confederate divisions, and the regiment was driven back. The regiment contested its position so well that the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania ordered them to have an inscription on their regimental battle flag that read: "Weyer's Cave September 27th 1864 For Gallantry in Battle."

Near the close of the skirmish at Weyer's Cave, Major General George Armstrong Custer arrived to succeed Powell as commander of the division. Early's army moved to Staunton and Waynesboro, and Powell's/Custer's Division moved to Port Republic. For the next two weeks, much of the farming infrastructure (over 2,000 barns and 70 mills) and food between Harrisonburg and Staunton was destroyed by detachments from Sheridan's Army. Custer's 2nd Division, including the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, was among those assigned with this task. On September 30, Custer was transferred to command the 3rd Cavalry Division, and Powell returned to command the 2nd Cavalry Division.

Major Gibson

The Battle of Cedar Creek started as a surprise attack by Early's army in the early morning hours of October 19, 1864. Early struck the Union Army's left flank where the only Union cavalry nearby was the 1st Cavalry Brigade from Powell's (Second Cavalry) Division. The brigade was composed of three cavalry regiments: the 14th and 22nd Pennsylvania, and the 8th Ohio. The 1st Cavalry Brigade was commanded by Colonel Alpheus Moore of the 8th Ohio Cavalry, and Major Gibson commanded the (14th Pennsylvania) regiment.

The 14th Pennsylvania was awakened before daylight when pickets from the 8th Ohio Cavalry galloped into camp with Confederate cavalry following them and screaming the rebel yell. During the morning fighting, the "officer in command of the brigade" (Colonel Moore) refused to dismount his men to support the division of Brigadier General Thomas Devin. The battle appeared to be a defeat for the Union until General Sheridan arrived and rallied his troops for a Union victory. Only one soldier from the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry was wounded. After the battle, Colonel Moore was placed under arrest, and Major Gibson became commander of the 1st Brigade.

Beginning November 10, the 21st New York Cavalry Regiment was assigned to the 1st Brigade of Powell's 2nd Division. Colonel William B. Tibbits, from the 21st New York Cavalry, was assigned to command the 1st Brigade, relieving Major Gibson. Separately, Major Daily was dismissed for absence without leave effective November 11, but reinstated seven months later as a lieutenant colonel. The 2nd Division fought a portion of Major General Lunsford L. Lomax's cavalry division on November 12 near Nineveh, Virginia, but it was Powell's 2nd Brigade that won the fight after a retreat by the 1st Brigade.

Powell's Division skirmished near Rude's Hill for about six hours on November 23. Afterwards, it went into camp between Front Royal and Winchester. While cooking turkeys on Thanksgiving Day (November 24), the regiment was attacked by Mosby's guerrillas. Mosby was quickly chased off by the regiment, and ten of Mosby's men were killed or wounded. The historian of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry wrote that probably "no regiment in the Civil War had more encounters with Mosby or lost so many killed and wounded or captured by Mosby".

Major Gibson was assigned command of the 1st Brigade on December 7. A few weeks later on December 17, Captain William Miles of Company I led 100 men on a scouting expedition toward Ashby's Gap. Mosby ambushed this scouting party from a woods near Millwood, Virginia, killing Miles and about a dozen others. About 20 others were wounded, and nearly everybody else was captured. Mosby set one man free after slashing his face with a saber, allowing him to return to camp to tell the story of the ambush. The wounded and dead were recovered on the next day. Mosby sent his prisoners to Libby Prison.

The regiment's winter camp was located in Winchester. The organization of Sheridan's Middle Military Division at the end of 1864 had Powell in command of the 2nd Cavalry Division, Tibbits in command of the division's 1st Brigade, and Schoonmaker in command of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lieutenant Colonel Blakeley, who had been dismissed, was restored to commission. Powell resigned from the army during January. The regiment's final expedition of the winter began on February 19, 1865, and ended with Major Gibson and his men ambushed by Mosby between Ashby's Gap and the Shenandoah River. Gibson's horse was shot and fell on him, although he was eventually able to find another horse and escape. Gibson's loss was one officer wounded, and 80 men missing.

The regiment left winter camp on April 4, and moved up the Shenandoah Valley. Major Foley resigned on April 6. Confederate General Lee surrendered at Appomattox on April 9, and the regiment was ordered to Washington on April 20. For the next month, they camped in Virginia at Arlington, Fairfax Court House, and Alexandria. The men of the regiment whose term of enlistment expired prior to October 1, 1865, mustered out in late May and early June. Lieutenant Colonel Blakeley resigned effective June 6.

The remainder of the regiment was consolidated into six companies and left the Washington area on June 11. They arrived in Fort Leavenworth in Kansas on June 28, and the reinstated Major Daily was promoted to lieutenant colonel on that day. Most of the men mustered out on July 31, including Colonel Schoonmaker. On August 5, Company A escorted General Grenville M. Dodge on a trip across the plains. The remaining men other than Company A were mustered out on August 24. Company A, after returning from its western plains trip, mustered out on November 2.

The regiment fought mostly as part of a brigade or division commanded by William W. Averell. Later in the war, they were often part of a division commanded by William H. Powell. The regiment did most of its fighting in West Virginia and Virginia. It began its fighting in Beverly, West Virginia, on July 3, 1863. Its last fight was in Virginia at Ashby's Gap on February 19, 1865. In between, members of the regiment fought in nearly 90 skirmishes and battles. In 31 of those engagements, the regiment suffered casualties. The regiment had two Medal of Honor winners, and two of its men (Schoonmaker and Gibson) commanded brigades. During the war, the regiment lost 2 officers and 97 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded. Disease resulted in the death of 296 enlisted men.

• List of Pennsylvania Civil War units

• National Park Service - James Martinus Schoonmaker

• Regimental Flag

• Recruiting poster

• 14th PA Cavalry marker at Droop Mountain