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Battle of Fisher's Hill

Battle of the American Civil War

Field	Value
conflict	Battle of Fisher's Hill
image	File:Map of the battlefield of Ceder Creek.jpg
caption	Battlefields of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, VA
partof	the American Civil War
date	September 21-22, 1864
place	Shenandoah County, Virginia
coordinates
result	Union victory
combatant1	USA United States (Union)
combatant2	CSA CSA (Confederacy)
commander1	Philip H. Sheridan
commander2	Jubal Early
units1	Army of the Shenandoah
units2	Army of the Valley
strength1	~35,000 ("present for duty")
29,444 (engaged)
strength2	9,500
casualties1	528
casualties2	1,234

29,444 (engaged) |}}

The Battle of Fisher's Hill was fought September 21–22, 1864, near Strasburg, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Despite its strong defensive position, the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early was defeated by the Union Army of the Shenandoah, commanded by Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan.

Background

Military situation

Main article: Valley Campaigns of 1864#Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign (August–October 1864), Third Battle of Winchester

Sheridan had almost 35,000 men in the Shenandoah Valley opposing Early, with just under 10,000. Early, following the Third Battle of Winchester, took a strong position. His right rested on the North Branch of the Shenandoah River. The left flank of his infantry was on Fisher's Hill. Confederate cavalry was expected to hold the ground from there to Little North Mountain. Maj. Gen. George Crook advised Sheridan to flank this position. His command was assigned to move along the wooded slopes of the mountain to attack the cavalry.

Opposing forces

Union

Confederate

Battle

Crook's attack began about 4 p.m. on September 22, 1864. The infantry attack pushed the Confederate troopers out of their way. Maj. Gen. Stephen Dodson Ramseur tried refusing the left flank of his division. Crook and Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts's division, of Horatio G. Wright's VI Corps struck Ramseur's line, pushing it in. Wright's remaining divisions and XIX Corps broke the Southern line.

Aftermath

The Confederates fell back to Waynesboro, Virginia. Brig. Gen. Alfred Torbert was sent into the Luray Valley with 6,000 cavalrymen to force his way through the 1,200 Confederate cavalrymen under Brigadier General Williams Wickham. Torbert was then supposed to move through the New Market and Luray Gap in Massanutten Mountain and come up behind Early and cut-off his retreat at Fisher's Hill. Torbert fell back after making a token effort against Wickham's force at Milford (present day Overall) and Early escaped.

Four Union Army enlisted men and one officer received the Medal of Honor in the action at Fisher's Hill.

Private James Connors, 43rd New York Infantry
Private John Creed, 23rd Illinois Infantry
Private George G. Moore, 11th West Virginia Infantry
Sergeant Sylvester D. Rhodes, 61st Pennsylvania Infantry
First Lieutenant Edward N. Whittier, 5th Battery Maine Light Artillery

Battlefield preservation

The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 362 acres of the battlefield. The preserved portion of the battlefield is marked by trails and interpretive signs.

Notes

References

Memoirs and primary sources

Early, Jubal A. A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America. Edited by Gary W. Gallagher. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. .
Sheridan, Philip Henry. Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army in Two Volumes, Vol. II. New York, New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1888.
U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

References

[https://web.archive.org/web/20150304073756/http://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va120.htm National Park Service].
''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=127&size=100 pages 107-112].
''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0090;node=waro0090%3A8;view=image;seq=1022;size=100;page=root pages 1002-1003].
40,000 (at Third Battle of Winchester) - 5,000 casualties (Third Battle of Winchester); ''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=81&size=100 page 61] and [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=132&size=100 pages 112-119].
''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=1031&size=100 page 1011].
''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=140&size=100 pages 120-124].
''Further information:'' Official Records, Series I, Volume XLIII, Part 1, [https://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0090&node=waro0090%3A8&view=image&seq=577&size=100 page 557].
[https://www.battlefields.org/preserve/saved-land] [[American Battlefield Trust]] "Saved Land" webpage. Accessed May 25, 2018.
[https://www.battlefields.org/visit/battlefields/fishers-hill-battlefield] [[American Battlefield Trust]] Fisher's Hill Battlefield page. Accessed May 28, 2018.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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