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Yuma County, Arizona
County in Arizona, United States
County in Arizona, United States
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| county | Yuma County |
| state | Arizona |
| flag | Flag_of_Yuma_County,_Arizona.svg |
| seal | Yuma County Arizona Seal.png |
| ex image | |
| founded year | 1864 |
| founded date | November 9 |
| seat wl | Yuma |
| largest city wl | Yuma |
| area_total_sq_mi | 5519 |
| area_land_sq_mi | 5514 |
| area_water_sq_mi | 5.1 |
| area percentage | 0.1 |
| population_as_of | 2020 |
| population_total | 203881 |
| pop_est_as_of | 2024 |
| population_est | 220310 |
| population_density_sq_mi | auto |
| time zone | Mountain |
| web | www.yumacountyaz.gov |
| district | 7th |
| district2 | 9th |
| named for | Yuma (Quechan) people |
Yuma County is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona, one of 15 counties in the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 203,881. The county seat is Yuma.
Yuma County includes the Yuma, Arizona Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.
Being 63.8% Hispanic in 2020, Yuma is Arizona's largest majority-Hispanic county.
History
Long settled by Native Americans of indigenous cultures for thousands of years, this area was controlled by the Spanish Empire in the colonial era. In the 19th century, it was part of independent Mexico before the Mexican–American War and Gadsden Purchase.
Yuma County was one of four original Arizona counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature. The county territory was defined as being west of longitude 113° 20' and south of the Bill Williams River. Its original boundaries remained the same until 1982, when La Paz County was created from its northern half.
The original county seat was the city of La Paz; in 1871 it was moved to Arizona City, later renamed as Yuma in 1873.
Economy
This county is the highest crop producer in the state by dollar value per year. Yuma County tops the list for the categories of vegetables + melons + potatoes + sweet potatoes at $782,293,000, and fruits + tree nuts + berries at $62,499,000. Overall this is the second (to Maricopa) producing county for all agricultural products at $1,143,068,000 per year and for organic production. Almost all of the dates (Phoenix dactylifera) in the state are grown here, about 10 e6lb worth $35 million per year. This is the second highest citrus producer behind Maricopa, a distant second in grapefruit, limes, and oranges but producing far more lemons. Some olives, clingstone peaches, and plums are grown here. Yuma County produces almost all of the vegetable seed grown in the state. The average farmer age is the lowest in the state, at 56.6 years.
During the winter agricultural season from November to March, some 40,000 Mexican workers cross the border daily to work in United States fields. The area is watered by the Colorado River, and the sector supplies a large part of the US leafy vegetables. The Yuma Lettuce Days festival and agritourism is connected to Yuma agriculture. In 2017 the county produced vegetables worth $782,293,000, ranking first in the state and third in the entire country, from 107,908 acre. Fruits brought $62,499,000, also first in the state, 56th out of 3000 counties in the country. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a valuable native crop here. From here it has also been introduced into cultivation in other countries.
The Sweetpotato Whitefly (Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci) is a common pest here. The county is planted with large extents of several crops which serve as hosts.
Date trees (Phoenix dactylifera) were planted here in the 2010s. In this county, plantations suffer from the Carob Moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae) and the Banks Grass Mite (Oligonychus pratensis).
Leaders in the county are aware their economy is tied to that of Mexican states on the other side of the border; both have to be considered. "There are automotive plants in Ciudad Juárez, across from El Paso; aerospace plants in Mexicali, southwest of Yuma; and medical devices’ manufacturers in Tijuana, near San Diego. On the American side, there is a mix of retail stores, warehouses and trucking companies..."
Because of Yuma County's location along the U.S.-Mexico border, large numbers of aliens entering the United States illegally pass through Yuma County. From October 2004 to July 2005, some 124,400 undocumented foreign nationals were apprehended in the area, a 46% increase over the previous year. In 2014, however, only 5,902 people were apprehended. The report from the Congressional Research Service stated, "...it is unclear how much of the drop-off is due to increased enforcement and how much is a result of the U.S. economic downturn and other systemic factors".
The Greater Yuma Economic Development Corp anticipates many agricultural jobs in the county will soon transition to robotics.
Government
The Board of Supervisors is the governing body of the county and a number of special districts. The board has members from five districts. The Board adopts ordinances, establishes programs, levies taxes, appropriates funds, appoints certain officials, and zones property and regulates development in the unincorporated area. In addition, members of the Board represent the county on numerous intergovernmental agencies.
In Arizona's first 52 years as a state, Yuma County was a primarily Democratic county, only voting for the Republican candidates four times in presidential elections prior to 1968. From 1968 onward, it has consistently voted for Republican presidential candidates. In 2016, county voters elected more Democrats to the Board than Republicans for the first time since 2004. However, their margins of victory have been reduced in recent years as the county has rapidly grown in population and become majority-Hispanic. Donald Trump only won the county by 560 votes over Hillary Clinton in the presidential election of 2016. However, Trump's margin did improve to over 4,000 votes as he won the county again in 2020 over Joe Biden.
In 2024, Trump won Yuma County by over 20 percentage points against Kamala Harris, the best performance by a Republican since Ronald Reagan in 1984.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 5519 sqmi, of which 5514 sqmi is land and 5.1 sqmi (0.1%) is water. The lowest point in the state of Arizona is on the Colorado River in San Luis in Yuma County, where it flows out of Arizona and into Sonora in Mexico.
Yuma County is in the west, and northwestern regions of the north–south Sonoran Desert that extends through Sonora state of Mexico to the border of northern Sinaloa state. West of the county across the Colorado River in southeast California is the Colorado Desert, (a northwestern subregion of the Sonoran Desert). North of the county, with La Paz County the regions merge into the southeastern Mojave Desert. Southwest of Yuma County, is the entirety of Northwest Mexico, at the north shoreline of the Gulf of California, and the outlet of the Colorado River into the Colorado River Delta region, now altered with lack of freshwater inputs. Notable mountains in Yuma County include the Gila Mountains and the Tule Mountains.
Adjacent counties and municipalities
- La Paz County – north
- Maricopa County – east
- Pima County – southeast
- San Luis Rio Colorado Municipality, Sonora, Mexico – south
- Mexicali Municipality, Baja California, Mexico – southwest
- Imperial County, California – west
Major highways
- [[Image:I-8 (AZ).svg|20px]] Interstate 8
- [[Image:US 80 (AZ historic).svg|20px]] Historic U.S. Route 80
- [[Image:US 95.svg|20px]] U.S. Route 95
- [[Image:Arizona 195.svg|20px]] Arizona State Route 195
National protected areas
- Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (part)
- Imperial National Wildlife Refuge (part)
- Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (part)
Climate
Demographics
|align-fn=center 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2020
Racial and ethnic composition
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Yuma County, Arizona | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US04027&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 | website=United States Census Bureau | access-date= }} | title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Yuma County, Arizona | url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=050XX00US04027&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004 | website=United States Census Bureau | access-date= }} | 1990 | 1980 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 30% | |||||||||
| (61,123) | 35.3% | |||||||||
| (69,022) | 44.3% | |||||||||
| (70,956) | 54.4% | |||||||||
| (58,151) | ||||||||||
| Black alone (NH) | 1.7% | |||||||||
| (3,484) | 1.6% | |||||||||
| (3,169) | 2% | |||||||||
| (3,136) | 2.6% | |||||||||
| (2,776) | ||||||||||
| American Indian alone (NH) | 0.9% | |||||||||
| (1,888) | 1% | |||||||||
| (1,957) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (1,819) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (1,178) | ||||||||||
| Asian alone (NH) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (2,321) | 1% | |||||||||
| (2,041) | 0.9% | |||||||||
| (1,362) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (1,188) | ||||||||||
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0.1% | |||||||||
| (215) | 0.1% | |||||||||
| (204) | 0.1% | |||||||||
| (132) | ||||||||||
| Other race alone (NH) | 0.3% | |||||||||
| (622) | 0.1% | |||||||||
| (216) | 0.1% | |||||||||
| (131) | 0.2% | |||||||||
| (214) | ||||||||||
| Multiracial (NH) | 2.1% | |||||||||
| (4,225) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (2,230) | 1.1% | |||||||||
| (1,718) | — | |||||||||
| Hispanic/Latino (any race) | 63.8% | |||||||||
| (130,003) | 59.7% | |||||||||
| (116,912) | 50.5% | |||||||||
| (80,772) | 40.6% | |||||||||
| (43,388) |
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 203,881. Of the residents, 24.9% were under the age of 18 and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 37.1 years. For every 100 females there were 101.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 100.0 males. 84.9% of residents lived in urban areas and 15.1% lived in rural areas.
The racial makeup of the county was 44.3% White, 2.0% Black or African American, 1.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 25.1% from some other race, and 25.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 63.8% of the population.
Detailed counts and percentages for each race and ethnicity may be found in the table below.
There were 69,589 households in the county, of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 24.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
There were 92,048 housing units, of which 24.4% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 70.5% were owner-occupied and 29.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.5%.
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 195,751 people, 64,767 households, and 48,976 families residing in the county.{{cite web |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213030916/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US04027 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213191756/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US04027 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213024858/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US04027 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead
Of the 64,767 households, 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.4% were non-families, and 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.39. The median age was 33.8 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $40,340 and the median income for a family was $42,718. Males had a median income of $36,345 versus $27,262 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,418. About 17.6% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.{{cite web |access-date=January 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213035224/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US04027 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 160,026 people, 53,848 households, and 41,678 families residing in the county. The population density was 29 /mi2. There were 74,140 housing units at an average density of 13 /mi2. The county's racial makeup was 68.3% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.6% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 50.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.7% reported speaking Spanish at home Language Map Data Center.
There were 53,848 households, out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.27.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $32,182, and the median income for a family was $34,659. Males had a median income of $27,390 versus $22,276 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,802. About 15.5% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.9% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Communities
Cities
- San Luis
- Somerton
- Yuma (county seat)
Town
- Wellton
Census-designated places
- Avenue B and C
- Aztec
- Buckshot
- Dateland
- Donovan Estates
- Drysdale
- El Prado Estates
- Fortuna Foothills
- Gadsden
- Martinez Lake
- Orange Grove Mobile Manor
- Padre Ranchitos
- Rancho Mesa Verde
- Tacna
- Wall Lane
- Wellton Hills
- Yuma Proving Ground
Other unincorporated communities
- Mohawk
- Roll
Ghost towns
- Arizona City
- Castle Dome
- Castle Dome Landing
- Colorado City
- Dome
- Filibusters Camp
- Fortuna
- Gila City
- Hyder
- Kofa
- La Laguna
- Mission Camp
- Owl
- Pedrick's
- Polaris
Indian reservations
- Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
- Cocopah Indian Reservation
County population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Yuma County.
† county seat
| Rank | City/Town/etc. | Population (2010 Census) | Municipal type | Incorporated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | † Yuma | 93,064 | City | 1914 |
| 2 | Fortuna Foothills | 26,265 | CDP | |
| 3 | San Luis | 25,505 | City | 1979 |
| 4 | Somerton | 14,287 | City | 1918 |
| 5 | Avenue B and C | 4,176 | CDP | |
| 6 | Wellton | 2,882 | Town | 1970 |
| 7 | Donovan Estates | 1,508 | CDP | |
| 8 | Martinez Lake | 798 | CDP | |
| 9 | Gadsden | 678 | CDP | |
| 10 | Rancho Mesa Verde | 625 | CDP | |
| 11 | Tacna | 602 | CDP | |
| 12 | Orange Grove Mobile Manor | 594 | CDP | |
| 13 | El Prado Estates | 504 | CDP | |
| 14 | Dateland | 416 | CDP | |
| 15 | Wall Lane | 415 | CDP | |
| 16 | Drysdale | 272 | CDP | |
| 17 | Wellton Hills | 258 | CDP | |
| 18 | Padre Ranchitos | 171 | CDP | |
| 19 | Buckshot | 153 | CDP | |
| 20 | Aztec | 47 | CDP | |
| 21 | Yuma Proving Ground | 0 | CDP |
Education
There are two high school districts operating in the county: Antelope Union High School District and Yuma Union High School District. Elementary school districts include:
- Crane Elementary School District
- Gadsden Elementary School District
- Hyder Elementary School District
- Mohawk Valley Elementary School District
- Somerton Elementary School District
- Wellton Elementary School District
- Yuma Elementary School District
Notes
References
;Specific
;General
- "Cross-Border, Cross-Purposes". The Economist. August 27 – September 2, 2005.
References
- "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
- "2020 Census". United States Census Bureau.
- "Yuma County Sheriff's Office: History".
- Wagoner, Jay J.. (1970). "Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history". University of Arizona Press.
- Walker, Henry (1986). ''Historical Atlas of Arizona,'' p. 32. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. {{ISBN. 978-0806120249 {{dead link. (July 2024)
- (2017). "Census of Agriculture - State and County Profiles - Arizona".
- (2017). ""Naked Dates"? Harvest for the Middle Eastern Fruit Wraps up in Yuma County".
- (2017). "National Agricultural Statistics Service - 2017 Census of Agriculture - Volume 1, Chapter 1: State Level Data".
- (May 9, 2016). "Sweat Vinaigrette".
- "Winter Lettuce Production". [[University of Arizona]].
- (2019). "Industrial and Food Crops". [[Springer Nature Switzerland AG]].
- (1996). "Cotton Insects and Mites: Characterization and Management". [[Cotton Foundation]].
- (1999). "Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor". [[Springer Tokyo]].
- (2015). "Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges". [[Springer International Publishing Switzerland]].
- ''Economist'', August 27, 2005
- Holan, Angie Drobnic. (September 27, 2015). "Ben Carson claimed program that led to 97% illegal immigration drop has been 'abolished'".
- [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/us/politics/yuma-county-arizona-latinos-trump.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-2&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.®ion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article Fernanda Santo, "In Arizona County Where Latinos Have an Edge, So Did Trump"], ''New York Times,'' December 13, 2016; accessed December 13, 2016
- [[Tucson. "City of Tucson".
- "Board of Supervisors {{!}} Yuma County".
- "Committees served by Board Members {{!}} Yuma County".
- Santos, Fernanda. (December 13, 2016). "In Arizona County Where Latinos Have an Edge, So Did Trump". The New York Times.
- "Dave Leip's Atlas of United States Presidential Elections".
- "Our Campaigns".
- (August 23, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
- "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau.
- "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau.
- "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
- "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau.
- "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau.
- "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Yuma County, Arizona".
- "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Yuma County, Arizona".
- "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Yuma County, Arizona".
- "Arizona: 1990".
- "General Social and Economic Characteristics: Arizona".
- (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
- (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
- (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
- "2010 U.S. Census website". [[United States Census Bureau]].
- "2010 Census Block Maps - Geography - U.S. Census Bureau".
- Geography Division. (December 22, 2020). "2020 Census - School District Reference Map: Yuma County, AZ". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
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