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You Bet Your Life
American radio and television comedy quiz game show
American radio and television comedy quiz game show
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| image | You_Bet_Your_Life_(2021).svg |
| caption | Logo for the 2021 revival |
| genre | Comedy |
| Quiz show | |
| runtime | 24–25 minutes |
| creator | John Guedel |
| producer | John Guedel (1950-1961) |
| director | Robert Dwan |
| Bernie Smith | |
| composer | Jerry Fielding (1947–1952) |
| Jack Meakin (1952–1961) | |
| presenter | Groucho Marx |
| Buddy Hackett | |
| Bill Cosby | |
| Jay Leno | |
| narrated | Jack Slattery |
| George Fenneman | |
| Ron Husmann | |
| Robbi Chong | |
| Kevin Eubanks | |
| company | John Guedel Productions, in association with NBC (1950–1961) |
| Otter Creek Productions (2021–2023) | |
| Big Dog Productions (2021–2023) | |
| Fox First Run (2021-2023) | |
| location | NBC Studios Burbank |
| Hollywood, CA (1980–1981) | |
| WHYY-TV, Philadelphia (1992–1993) | |
| Fox Television Center Los Angeles (2021–2023) | |
| country | United States |
| network | ABC Radio (1947–1949) |
| CBS Radio (1949–1950) | |
| NBC Radio (1950–1960) | |
| NBC-TV (1950–1961) | |
| First-run syndication (1980–1981, 1992–1993, 2021–2023) | |
| first_aired | |
| last_aired | |
| num_seasons | 14 |
| num_episodes | 529 + 1 unaired |
| alt_name | The Groucho Show (1960–1961) |
Quiz show Bernie Smith Jack Meakin (1952–1961) Buddy Hackett Bill Cosby Jay Leno George Fenneman Ron Husmann Robbi Chong Kevin Eubanks Otter Creek Productions (2021–2023) Big Dog Productions (2021–2023) Fox First Run (2021-2023) Hollywood, CA (1980–1981) WHYY-TV, Philadelphia (1992–1993) Fox Television Center Los Angeles (2021–2023) CBS Radio (1949–1950) NBC Radio (1950–1960) NBC-TV (1950–1961) First-run syndication (1980–1981, 1992–1993, 2021–2023) You Bet Your Life is an American comedy quiz series that has aired on both radio and television. The original version was hosted by Groucho Marx of the Marx Brothers, with announcer and sidekick George Fenneman. The show debuted on ABC Radio on October 27, 1947, moved to CBS Radio debuting October 5, 1949, and went to NBC-TV and NBC Radio on October 4, 1950. Because of its simple format, it was possible to broadcast the show on both radio and television but not simultaneously. Many of the laughs on the television show were evoked by Groucho's facial reactions and other visual gimmicks, so the two versions were slightly different. The last episode in a radio format aired on June 10, 1960. The series continued on television for another year, recording the last season, beginning on September 22, 1960, with a new title, The Groucho Show.
You Bet Your Life has been revived three times since the original series ended, the most recent being a version hosted by Jay Leno that aired in first-run syndication from 2021 to 2023.
History
The mid-1940s were a lull in Groucho Marx's career. His radio show Blue Ribbon Town, sponsored by Pabst Blue Ribbon beer, had begun in March 1943 and had failed to catch on. Marx left the program in June 1944 and was replaced by vocalist Kenny Baker (who appeared with the Marx Brothers in 1939's At the Circus). The show ended two months later. Groucho also reluctantly appeared in two films with brothers Chico and Harpo Marx, A Night in Casablanca and Love Happy.
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During a radio appearance with Bob Hope in March 1947, Marx ad-libbed most of his performance after being forced to stand by in a waiting room for 40 minutes before going live on the air. The audience found Marx's ad libs very funny. John Guedel, the Hope program's producer, formed an idea for a quiz show and approached Marx about the subject.
After initial reluctance on Marx's part, Guedel was able to convince him to host the program once Marx realized the quiz would be only a backdrop for his contestant interviews and the storm of ad-libbing that they would elicit. Guedel also convinced Marx to invest in 50% of the show, in part by saying that he was "untouchable" at ad-libbing, but not at following a script.
As Marx and the contestants were ad-libbing, Guedel insisted that each show be filmed and edited before release to remove both the risqué and the less interesting material. The show for the studio audience ran longer than the broadcast version so some parts could be omitted.
On December 28, 1949, episode #49-13 was filmed as a visual test in preparation for the show to be broadcast on television. The president of Film Craft Productions, Regina Lindenbaum (who did the subsequent filming), cited it as the first television show filmed before a live audience. Most television histories incorrectly credit I Love Lucy with that achievement, but Lucy premiered a year after Marx's first filmed season. While filming both shows did indeed allow for greater control in post-production editing, the principal reason they were filmed was so that they could be produced in Hollywood before the advent of the "coaxial cable" that allowed live coast-to-coast broadcasts. They also produced clearer images for the West Coast than the fuzzy kinescope recordings that dominated network programming there in television's early days.
Gameplay
Gameplay on each episode of You Bet Your Life was generally secondary to Marx's comedic interplay with contestants and often with George Fenneman. Contestant teams usually consisted of one male and one female, most of whom were selected from the studio audience. Occasionally, famous or otherwise interesting figures were invited to play (e.g., a Korean-American contestant who was a veteran and had been a prisoner of war during the Korean War), or noteworthy sports figures like Joe Louis, Kenny Washington, Rocky Marciano, Don Drysdale, and Coach Red Sanders, among others.
Each episode began with the introduction "And now, here he is: the one, the only..." by Fenneman, who would pause, inviting the audience to finish the sentence by shouting in unison "GROUCHO!" The show's band would then play a portion of the tune "Hooray for Captain Spaulding", Marx's signature song. Marx next would be introduced to the first two contestants and engage in humorous conversations in which he would improvise his responses or employ prepared lines written by the show's writers after conducting pre-show interviews. In this way, some of Marx's supposed ad-libs were actually written ahead of time. The total number of contestants in each episode varied depending on the length of Marx's conversations and the time taken for gameplay in each segment. Generally, the 30-minute format of the televised show provided time for two or three two-person teams to play in each episode.
Suspense depended on whether a contestant would say the "secret word", a common word revealed to the audience at the outset of each episode. If one of the contestants said the word, a toy duck resembling Marx—with eyeglasses and a mustache—descended from the ceiling to bring a $100 prize. It would then be divided equally between that segment's two-person team. A cartoon of a duck with a cigar was also used in the opening title sequence. The duck was occasionally replaced with various other things, for example a wooden Indian figure, carrying the required $100 prize to the lucky team. In one episode, Groucho's brother, Harpo, came down instead of the duck, and in another a female model attired in a tight bodice and very short skirt came down in a birdcage with the money. In his conversations with contestants, Marx would at times direct their exchanges in ways to increase the likelihood that someone would say the secret word.
In November 1955, Marx announced on the air that he had noticed the success of big-money quiz programs (referring to, but not naming, The $64,000 Challenge) and declared that You Bet Your Life was itself going to raise its "Secret Word" bonus: from $100 to $101. This gimmick lasted until the end of the year.
Formats
Main game
After the contestants' introduction and interview, the actual game began. Couples were allowed to choose from a list of 20 available categories before the show; then they tried to answer a series of questions within that category. From 1947 to 1956, couples were asked four questions.
- 1947–1953 – Each couple began with $20, wagering part or all of their bankroll for each question.
- 1953–1954 – Each couple now began with $0, but selected values from $10 to $100 (going up in $10 increments). A correct answer added the value of the question to their bankroll, while an incorrect answer did nothing. According to co-director Robert Dwan in his book As Long As They're Laughing, Guedel changed the scoring format because too many couples were betting, and losing, most or all of their money.
- 1954–1956 – The format was slightly altered to start each couple with $100. Incorrect answers now cut their bankroll to that point in half.
- 1956–1959 – Two couples (reduced from three) answered questions until they either gave two consecutive incorrect responses or answered four consecutive questions correctly for a prize of $1,000.
- 1959–1961 – For the last two seasons, couples picked four questions worth $100, $200, or $300 each, potentially winning up to $1,200. Winning at least $500 qualified the team to go for the jackpot question.
From 1947 to 1956, if a couple ended their quiz with $25 or less, Marx would ask a very easy question so they could receive consolation money of $25 (later $100), which did not count toward the scores. The question was often patently obvious so there was virtually no chance that departing contestants would answer it incorrectly. Some examples include the following: "Who is buried in Grant's Tomb?", "When did the War of 1812 start?", "How long do you cook a three-minute egg?", and "What color is an orange?" The question about Grant's Tomb became such a staple of the show that both Marx and Fenneman were shocked when one man got the question "wrong" by answering "No one". As the contestant then pointed out, Grant's Tomb is an above-ground mausoleum. On another occasion, Marx and Fenneman were dumbfounded when a contestant answered "Me" when asked who was buried in Grant's tomb.
Jackpot question
In all formats, one of the two players on the team could keep their half of the winnings while the other risked their half. In this case, all amounts being played for were divided in half.
- 1947–1956 – The highest-scoring couple was given one final question for the jackpot, which began at $1,000 and increased by $500 each week until won. In the event of a tie, the tied couples wrote their answers on paper and all couples who answered correctly split the jackpot.
- 1956–1957 – For a brief period following the format change, couples who won the front game could wager half on another question worth $2,000.
- 1957–1959 – Winning couples now faced a wheel with numbers from 1–10, selecting one number for $10,000. If the number selected was spun, a correct answer to the jackpot question augmented the team's total winnings to that amount; otherwise, the question was worth a total of $2,000.
- 1959–1961 – For the last two seasons, the format was slightly altered to eliminate the risk and add a second number for $5,000.
Nielsen ratings
Seasonal Nielsen ratings covered the period between October and April of the following year. The rating number represents the percentage of homes tuned into that program.
| Season | Rating/Share | Place |
|---|---|---|
| 1950–51 | 36.0 | 17th |
| 1951–52 | 42.1 | 10th |
| 1952–53 | 41.6 | 9th |
| 1953–54 | 43.6 | 3rd |
| 1954–55 | 41.0 | 4th |
| 1955–56 | 35.4 | 7th |
| 1956–57 | 31.1 | 17th |
| 1957–58 | 30.6 | 10th |
| 1958–59 | N/A | Below the top 30 |
| 1959–60 | ||
| 1960–61 |
Nielsen also measured the radio version at tenth among radio shows in 1955.
Despite not being involved with the quiz show scandals, the show's popularity waned and You Bet Your Life fell out of the top 25. NBC stopped making the show in 1961.
Sponsorship
The radio program was sponsored by Allen Gellman, president of Elgin American, maker of watch cases and compacts, during its first two and a half seasons. Later, seasons of the television show (as well as the radio show, after January 1950) were sponsored by Chrysler, with advertisements for DeSoto automobiles incorporated into the opening credits and the show itself. Each show would end with Marx sticking his head through a hole in the DeSoto logo and saying, "Friends...go in to see your DeSoto-Plymouth dealer tomorrow. And when you do, tell 'em Groucho sent you." Still later sponsors included the Toni Company (Prom home permanent, White Rain shampoo) with commercials featuring Harpo and Chico Marx, Lever Brothers (Lux liquid, Wisk detergent), Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Geritol), and Lorillard Tobacco Co. (Old Gold cigarettes).
In 1953 the show became embroiled in controversy when its musical director, Jerry Fielding, was called to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and refused to testify, citing his rights under the Fifth Amendment. The show's sponsor, the DeSoto-Plymouth Dealers of America, demanded that Marx fire Fielding, and he complied. Fielding later accused HUAC of calling him up to testify because they wanted him to name Marx as a Communist sympathizer, and Marx himself later wrote, "That I bowed to sponsors' demands is one of the greatest regrets of my life."
Contestants
The interviews were sometimes so memorable that the contestants became celebrities; "nature boy" health advocate Gypsy Boots, entertainer Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez, comedians Phyllis Diller and Ronnie Schell, author Ray Bradbury, virtuoso cellist Ennio Bolognini, blues singer and pianist Gladys Bentley, strongmen Jack LaLanne and Paul Anderson, and actor John Barbour all appeared as contestants while working on the fringes of the entertainment industry.
Harland Sanders, who talked about his "finger-lickin'" recipe for fried chicken that he parlayed into the Kentucky Fried Chicken chain of restaurants, once appeared as a contestant. A guest purporting to be a wealthy Arabian prince was really writer William Peter Blatty; Groucho saw through the disguise, stating, "It was pretty obvious to me that you weren't an Arabian prince; I used to have an Arabian horse and I know what they look like." Blatty won $10,000 and used the money, after quitting his job, to support himself while he focused on establishing a career as a writer. He would later go on to write The Exorcist in 1971. No one in the audience knew the identity of contestant Daws Butler until he began speaking in the voice of cartoon character Huckleberry Hound. He and his partner in the episode went on to win the top prize of $10,000. Cajun politician Dudley J. LeBlanc, a Louisiana state senator and medicine showman, demonstrated his winning style at giving campaign speeches in French, also confessing (in a rare moment of candor) the truth about his signature nostrum, Hadacol: when asked what Hadacol was good for, LeBlanc admitted "about five million dollars for me last year." General Omar Bradley was teamed with an army private, and Marx goaded the private into telling Bradley everything that was wrong with the army. Professional wrestler Wild Red Berry admitted that the outcomes of matches were determined in advance, but that the injuries were real; he revealed a long list of injuries he had sustained.
Other celebrities, already famous, occasionally teamed up with their relatives to win money for themselves or for charities. On February 6, 1958, silent-film star Francis X. Bushman and his wife Iva Millicient Richardson appeared on the show and won $1,000 by successfully answering questions in a geography quiz. Arthur Godfrey's mother Kathryn was a contestant on another episode and held her own with Marx. Edgar Bergen and his then 11-year-old daughter Candice also teamed up with Marx and his daughter Melinda to win $1,000 for the Girl Scouts of the USA, with Fenneman taking on the role of quizmaster for that segment.
Other celebrity guests included Jayne Mansfield, Edith Head, Mickey Walker, Howard Hill, General Clarence A. Shoop, Louise Beavers, Irwin Allen, Frankie Avalon, Lord Buckley, Sammy Cahn, Ray Corrigan, Sam Coslow, Don Drysdale, Kenny Washington, Hoot Gibson, physicist and host of Exploring Albert Hibbs, Tor Johnson, Ward Kimball, Ernie Kovacs, Laura La Plante, Liberace, Joe Louis, Bob Mathias, Irish McCalla, screenwriter and author Mary Eunice McCarthy, Harry Ruby, Max Shulman, Fay Spain, Colonel John Paul Stapp, National Champion Football Coach Red Sanders, John Charles Thomas, Pinky Tomlin, Rocky Marciano and his mother, Charles Goren, and Johnny Weissmuller. In 1961 Marx's brother Harpo appeared to promote his just-published autobiography, Harpo Speaks.
Cigar incident
The show's most notorious remark supposedly occurred as Marx was interviewing Charlotte Story, who had borne 20 children (the exact number varies in tellings of the urban legend). When Marx asked why she had chosen to raise such a large family, Mrs. Story is said to have replied, "I love my husband"; to which Marx responded, "I love my cigar, but I take it out of my mouth once in awhile." The remark was judged too risqué to be aired, according to the anecdote, and was edited out before broadcast.
Marion and Charlotte Story were indeed parents of 20 children and had appeared as contestants on the radio version of the show in 1950. Audio recordings of the interview exist, and a reference to cigars is made ("With each new kid, do you go around passing out cigars?"), but there is no evidence of the infamous line.*
- about the "I love my cigar..." urban legend at Snopes.com Marx and Fenneman both denied that the incident took place. "I get credit all the time for things I never said," Marx told Roger Ebert, in 1972. "You know that line in You Bet Your Life? The guy says he has seventeen kids and I say, 'I smoke a cigar, but I take it out of my mouth occasionally'? I never said that." Marx's 1976 memoir recounts the episode as fact, but co-writer Hector Arce relied mostly on sources other than Marx himself—who was by then in his late eighties and mentally compromised—and was probably unaware that Marx had specifically denied speaking the legendary line. Snopes surmised the line may have been conflated with another exchange with a girl who had 16 siblings; in that episode, Marx asked the girl how her father felt about having 17 children. She replied "my daddy loves children," and Marx responded "Well, I like pancakes, but I haven't got a closet full of them!"
Success in reruns
It was customary practice, established in radio, for a successful network series to take the summer months off and return in the fall. A summer-replacement series, usually a musical or comedy half-hour, would fill the established time slot for 13 weeks until the parent program returned. You Bet Your Life was the first network TV series to continue into the summer months, with reruns of some of the previous season's better episodes. To inform the public that these summer broadcasts were repeats and not new programs, the summer show was titled The Best of Groucho, and 13 reruns were selected each year, beginning in 1952.
Toward the end of ''You Bet Your Life'''s network run in 1961, NBC's syndication department was already preparing new versions of the 1954-1961 shows, with all mentions of the original sponsor removed or cropped out of the picture, and a bright light superimposed on Marx's microphone to obscure the NBC call letters. This is why some shots in the syndicated versions appear grainy and less focused. By deleting the sponsor's logo, the image zoomed in on what remained on the screen, sometimes cropping out a contestant while the screen showed only Marx.
- PUBLICATION: Additional Examples Separating Unpublished From Published Versions - Using as example a television program :depicting changes in You Bet Your Life episodes when adapted to Best of Groucho episodes, at Tree-view chart on Copyright Law (David P. Hayes) :* Groucho supplement to preceding
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