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Yorta Yorta language

Pama–Nyungan language of southeastern Australia

Yorta Yorta language
Summary

Pama–Nyungan language of southeastern Australia

FieldValue
nameYorta Yorta
altnameYotayota
Murray–Goulburn
regionVictoria, Australia
ethnicityYorta Yorta (Pangerang, Kwatkwat)
extinctby 1960
ref
revived151 self-identified speakers (2021 census)
familycolorAustralian
fam1Pama–Nyungan
fam2Yotayotic
dia1Yaliba-Yaliba
iso3xyy
glottoyort1237
glottorefnameYorta Yorta
aiatsisD2

Murray–Goulburn

Yorta Yorta (Yotayota) is a dialect cluster, or perhaps a group of closely related languages, spoken by the Yorta Yorta people, Indigenous Australians from the junction of the Goulburn and Murray Rivers in present-day northeast Victoria. Dixon considers it an isolate.

Yorta Yorta clans include the Bangerang, Kailtheban, Wollithiga, Moira, Penrith, Ulupna, Kwat Kwat and Nguaria-iiliam-wurrung. The name is also spelled Jotijota, Jodajoda, Joti-jota, Yodayod, Yoda-Yoda, Yoorta, Yota, Yoti Yoti, Yotta-Yotta, Youta; other names are * Arramouro, Boonegatha, Echuca, Gunbowerooranditchgoole, Gunbowers, Kwart Kwart, Unungun, Wol-lithiga ~ Woollathura*.

The Yaliba Yaliba language of the Pikkolaatpan tribe is about 70% similar to the dialect of the Bangerang, suggesting they may be closely related languages rather than dialects.

Revival

Although the language is considered dormant due to contact with Europeans and forcible dislocation to missions, the Yorta Yorta have maintained many words. There have been strong moves of late to revive the language.

Two Yorta Yorta women, Lois Peeler and Sharon Atkinson, together with Dr Heather Bowe from Monash University, worked for several years to compile a comprehensive record of research material, entitled Yorta Yorta Language Heritage. This work provided a summary of existing written records, with reference to the spoken resources, and included introductory lessons in Yorta Yorta, together with English to Yorta Yorta and Yorta Yorta to English dictionaries.

Phonology

Consonants

LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalRetroflexVelarStopNasalLateralRhoticApproximant
()
()
()()
~()

A palatal lateral or the following retroflex consonants could have potentially been recorded. An alveolar rhotic sound could have been a trill or a flap.

Vowels

FrontCentralBackCloseMidOpen

is the rarest vowel. There are vowel-initial words Yorta-Yorta, due to the deletion of or sometimes before , but not in Yabula-Yabula.

Music

Indigenous pop, R&B, and soul singer [[Jessica Mauboy]] performs "[[Ngarra Burra Ferra]]" at the 2013 Mbantua Festival in [[Alice Springs, Northern Territory]], with [[Aboriginal Australian]] students from Yipirinya State Primary School, of which Mauboy is the official ambassador.

The track "Ngarra Burra Ferra" sung by indigenous artist Jessica Mauboy from the 2012 hit film The Sapphires is a song based on the traditional Aboriginal hymn "Bura Fera." The song is in the Yorta Yorta language and speaks of the Lord God's help in decimating a Pharaoh's armies. The chorus, Ngara burra ferra yumini yala yala, translates into English as "The Lord God drowned all Pharaoh's armies, hallelujah!" These lyrics are based on an ancient song in Jewish tradition known as the "Song of the Sea" or "Miriam's Song", as it was composed and sung by Miriam, older sister of the prophet Moses. It can be found in Exodus 15, especially verse 4, "Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea." Aboriginal communities of Victoria and southern New South Wales may be the only people in the world who still sing the piece (in Yorta Yorta).

References

References

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census".
  2. [http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/dse/nrenlwm.nsf/LinkView/7FA349BEAE0F5A3FCA256E8D00210309A4AD52AC7C448F1A4A256DEA0024EDD2 Yorta Yorta Co-operative Management Agreement] {{webarchive. link. (September 13, 2006)
  3. Bowe, Morey, Heather, Stephen. (1999). "The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) language of the Murray Goulburn : including Yabula Yabula". Pacific Linguistics.
  4. (13 September 2013). "The lyrics to Bura Fera". towalkwithyou.com.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

yotayotic-languages yorta-yorta
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