XVI Corps (German Empire)

Formation

By a law of 27 January 1890, it was decided to separate Alsace-Lorraine provinces in military affairs. It stipulated that from 1 April 1890 the entire power of the Army of the German Empire should be twenty army corps (Guards, I - XVII, I and II Bavarian). The All-highest Cabinet Order (Allerhöchste Kabinettsorder, AKO) of 1 February 1890 authorised the formation of the XVI and XVII Army Corps.

The XVI Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1890 in Metz as the Generalkommando (headquarters) for Lorraine. Its headquarters was in the fortress of Metz. It took command of 33rd Division (formerly 30th Division of XV Corps) and 34th Division formed on the same date. It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate but joined the 5th Army at the start of the First World War.

Peacetime organisation

The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each. Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule: :V, VI, VII, IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments) :II, XIII, XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment :I, VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments) :the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades). Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more :Foot Artillery Regiment :Jäger Battalion :Pioneer Battalion :Train Battalion

World War I

Organisation on mobilisation

On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured. 33rd and 45th Cavalry Brigades were withdrawn to form part of the 6th Cavalry Division and the 34th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, XVI Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions, 8 machine gun companies (48 machine guns), 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.

Combat chronicle

At the outbreak of World War I, the Corps was assigned to the 5th Army. It fought on the Western Front in Lorraine. It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 3rd Army, Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front.

Commanders

The XVI Corps had the following commanders during its existence:

References

Bibliography

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References

1. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
2. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
3. {{harvnb. Ellis. Cox. 1993
4. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
5. {{harvnb. Haythornthwaite. 1996
6. They formed the [[Guards Cavalry Division (German Empire). Guards Cavalry Division]], the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army.
7. {{harvnb. War Office. 1918
8. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
9. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
10. 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers)
11. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
12. [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/militaer.html verwaltungsgeschichte.de page]
13. {{harvnb. Cron. 2002
14. {{harvnb. Ellis. Cox. 1993
15. "meuse-argonne.com".
16. [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/militaer.html German Administrative History] Accessed: 12 May 2012
17. [http://www.deutsche-kriegsgeschichte.de/akrkgk.html German War History] Accessed: 12 May 2012
18. [http://home.comcast.net/~jcviser/army/AKXVI.htm The Prussian Machine] Accessed: 12 May 2012