Wuhan Metro

History

Preliminary studies of urban rail transit systems were prompted by the city shortly after a Belgian Railways delegation visit in 1984. Following the demolition of the old Beijing-Hankou Railway, the city of Wuhan planned to utilize the corridor to construct the city's first rapid transit rail line. In September 1992, the Wuhan Metro Construction Group was established by Wuhan Municipal Construction Commission and a supervision group, led by the mayor Qian Yunlu, was subsequently formed in 1993 to facilitate the project's funding, planning, logistics, and organization. It took seven years before the city was able to fund construction.

In October 1999, the National Planning Commission (predecessor of the National Development and Reform Commission) approved the Wuhan "Light Rail" project (Line 1, phase 1), signalling the start of serious work on the rail transit project. On October 2, 2000, the Wuhan Municipal Government ratified the establishment of Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd., and contracted construction, operation, administration and related real estate development to the corporation.

In December 2000, the National Planning Commission accepted a feasibility report on the project and approved construction on phase 1 of Line 1. On December 23, 2000, the project broke ground and comprehensive construction began.

In 2002, with the anticipation of an economic boom and increasing demand for urban rail transit, Wuhan Municipal Government approved the city's first long-term rail transit master plan. On July 28, 2004, the ten-station long "light rail" line was opened to the public and entered revenue service in August. However, low ridership discouraged the city from funding the extension project, for which ground had been broken on December 15, 2005, and a 4-year delay in construction ensued. In April 2006, the NDRC ratified a six-year construction/operation plan, but it was not until a year later on April 9, 2007, that NDRC accepted the feasibility report for line 1, phase 2 (the extension project) and approved construction on the project.

In the interim, construction began on Fanhu station of the fully underground Line 2 on November 16, 2006, as a response to the six-year plan adopted by NDRC earlier. Construction also began on the underground line 4 stations of Wuchang railway station in June, and Wuhan railway station in September, as parts of the integral capital project to revamp and construct the Wuhan Railway Hub.

In May 2007, the Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission (HDRC) approved preliminary designs on Line 1, phase 2, and comprehensive construction subsequently commenced in June. On May 15, the city government approved the establishment of Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., which would replace the Wuhan Rail Transit Co., Ltd and assume its responsibilities and benefits.

On September 12, 2007, the NDRC accepted the feasibility report to Line 2, phase 1, and preliminary designs were approved by the HDRC in December 2007. However, it was not until September 2008 that land purchases and funding were facilitated and comprehensive construction began to take place. In October 2009, drilling of the Yangtze River tunnel started.

On March 13, 2009, the NDRC accepted a feasibility report to Line 4, phase 1. On May 13, 2009, the HDRC ratified preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 1. Comprehensive construction ensued on the Wuchang segment of Line 4. A more ambitious urban rapid transit plan was submitted for NDRC review in October 2009, and in late November, on-site panel investigations were conducted by China International Engineering Consulting Corporation.

In February 2010, Wuhan Metro's first commercial property was topped out in Hanxi 1st Road station. On July 29, Line 1 phase 2 entered revenue service from Dijiao to Dongwu Boulevard. Despite plans to extend the westernmost terminus to Jinshan Avenue in Dongxihu District, the station was never built. A short stub with crossover tracks was constructed behind Dongwu Boulevard. Zhuyehai, a station in Qiaokou District, remained non-operational in spite of the existence of complete platforms. Neither exits nor staircases had been built yet. It was due to open when the Wuhan IKEA store was completed in late 2014.

A revised and more detailed construction plan was accepted by the NDRC on January 31, 2011. The plan specified the city's plan to complete construction on Line 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 before 2017. Beginning on March 1, Line 1 subdivided its fare zones from 3 to 5 and lowered maximum fare per ride from 5 CNY to 4 CNY. Wuhan Tong cardholders will receive a 20 percent discount on single ride fares. On April 9, Line 1 welcomed its 100,000,000th customer, who was awarded a one-year pass to the Metro. On September 9, preliminary designs on Line 4, phase 2 (Hanyang segment) was approved by HDRC.

On February 17, 2012, the NDRC accepted a feasibility report on Line 3, phase 1, the fourth line in Wuhan Metro's grid and the first to cross the Han River, connecting the boroughs of Hankou and Hanyang. A feasibility report to Line 6—the second Hankou-Hanyang connection—was also approved by the NDRC on December 21, 2012. Seven days later, Line 2 entered revenue service, connecting some of the most populated areas of Hankou, Wuchang, and the Optics Valley.

On April 12, 2013, the NDRC granted acceptance to a feasibility report of Line 8, phase 1, which connects Hankou and Wuchang via the Second Yangtze River Bridge corridor. Construction began in June 2013 and was completed in December 2017.

On 23 January 2020, the entire metro network was shut down, along with all other public transport in the city, including national railway and air travel, in an effort to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei.

On 28 March 2020, six lines (Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7) resumed operations, after a two-month lockdown. On 8 April 2020, Line 8 Phase 1 resumed operations. On 22 April 2020, Line 8 Phase 3, Line 11, Yangluo line resumed operations.

Timeline of network expansion

Lines

Line 1

Main article: Line 1 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 1 is a 37.788 km elevated urban rail line entirely located in the borough of Hankou. It runs a northwest–southeast route that approximately parallels with Jiefang Avenue for its entire length. There are 27 planned stations, among which 25 are operational. Line 1 operates 33 four-car train sets, 12 of which are manufactured by Changchun Railway Vehicles, and 21 by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd.

On July 28, 2004, the first phase of Line 1 began service from Huangpu Road to Zongguan. On July 28, 2010, Line 1 extended from both ends after the completion of phase 2. The phase 3 expansion, which extends the northeast terminus to Hankou North Station, entered revenue service on May 28, 2014. The phase 4 expansion, which extends to Jinghe Station from Dongwu Boulevard. The phase 4 opened on December 26, 2017. Line 1's color is blue.

Line 2

Main article: Line 2 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 2 is a 27.895 km underground subway connecting the boroughs of Hankou and Wuchang. Upon completion, Line 2 was the first subway in China to cross the mighty Yangtze River. It runs in a northwest–southeast route and crosses the Yangtze River near Jianghan Road, and Jiyuqiao in Wuchang. Tunnel drilling concluded on February 26, 2012. Revenue service of Line 2 began on December 28, 2012. Line 2 operates 41 six-car train sets, all of which were manufactured by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd.

Line 2 is mostly underground, except for Songjiagang and Hangkongzhongbu stations. It was extended towards both directions. The southern extension brought the southeast terminus from Optics Valley Square to Fozuling, and the northwest extension plan brought the northwest terminus from Jinyintan to Tianhe International Airport, providing convenient access for airport and residential areas en route. Early on, construction work on both extensions was expected to commence in 2013, and the tentative completion dates was set at 2015. In May 2014, it was reported that the construction work on the southern extension would start within 2014, with construction completed by February 19, 2019.

Nowadays, Line 2 only have 6 cars, but in the future, it is possible to add 2 more cars to carry more people during rush hours when 6 cars are not enough. Line 2's color is pink.

Line 3

Main article: Line 3 (Wuhan Metro)

Overall construction of Line 3 was approved by National Development and Reform Commission on February 23, 2012, and officially started on March 31, 2012. Line 3 went into operation on December 28, 2015. Line 3 cars are Type B and manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Line 3's color is dark yellow.

Line 4

Main article: Line 4 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 4 is mostly underground. It will run in an east–west route serving the Hanyang and Wuchang distincts. The first phase linking Wuchang and Wuhan railway stations opened on December 28, 2013; since that day, all three main railway stations of Wuhan are connected by the Metro. The second phase of Line 4 will crossing the Yangtze River to Hanyang opened in 2014. Line 4 cars are Type B and manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive. Line 4's color is light green.

Line 5

Main article: Line 5 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 5 started operation on 26 December 2021. Line 5's color is coral.

Line 6

Main article: Line 6 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 6 opened in 2016. And it is the first line of Wuhan Metro to use high capacity A size trains with overhead lines.. Line 6 uses Type A cars manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive. Line 6's color is green.

Line 7

Main article: Line 7 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 7 is a rapid transit line in Wuhan. The line runs from Huangpi Square in Huangpi District to Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen in Jiangxia District. It serves residential & business areas such as Nanhu, Wuhan CBD and Wuhan Financial street. Line 7 reserves Wuhan Metro's highest capacity rolling stock to date featuring 8 Type-A car train sets accommodating 2480 people, compared to the standard 6 cars found on other lines. It is also the fastest urban line in the system, with trains capable of reaching the speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) compared to 80 km/h (50 mph) on other lines. Line 7's color is orange.

Line 8

Main article: Line 8 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 8 currently consists of two separate parts. Line 8 Phase 1 was opened in 2017, and Line 8 Phase 3 was opened in 2019. Presently there are 12 stations on the Phase 1 section and 3 on the Phase 3 section. The Phase 2 that is connecting the two parts in 2021. Line 8's color is grey.

Line 11

Main article: Line 11 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 11 Phase 1 from Wuhandong railway station to Gediannan Railway station was opened on 1 October 2018 on National Day and Line 11 Phase 2 and 3 from Wuhandong railway station to Jiaan Road station opened on 27 December 2024. Line 11 uses Type A cars manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Line 11's color is yellow.

Line 16

Main article: Line 16 (Wuhan Metro)

Line 16 has a maximum speed of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) and has seven underground stations and five elevated stations. The line started operation on 26 December 2021. Line 16's color is fuchsia.

Yangluo Line (Line 21)

Main article: Yangluo line

The Yangluo Line is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Wuhan Metro system. The line in its current form runs from Houhu Boulevard to Jintai, a total distance of 34.575 km. The line connects the urban area of Hankou and Yangluo, Xinzhou District. Yangluo Line's color is magenta.

Services

Service routes

Short turns are used on Line 2, Line 4, and Line 7, while the other lines only operate the full length of the route. As far as Line 2, Line 4, and Line 7 are concerned, the short turns alternate with the full routes.

• Line 2
  • Short turn: Jinyintan — Wuhandong Railway Station
  • Full route: Tianhe International Airport — Fozuling
• Line 4
  • Short turn: Yulong Road — Wuhan Railway Station
  • Full route: Bailin — Wuhan Railway Station
• Line 7
  • Short turn: Julong Blvd — Banqiao
  • Full route: Hengdian — Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen

Opening hours

The operating hours start at 6:00 on weekdays and 6:30 on weekends & holidays. The last trains of Line 16, Line 19 and Yangluo Line depart from the origin stations at 22:00 or 22:30, while other lines at 23:00. See the table below for more details.

Ticketing

Fares vary based on the distance travelled. The specific charging standards are as follows:

The single-journey tokens, the multi-day passes, the contactless Wuhantong cards, the China T-union cards and the UnionPay cards are accepted. In addition, Wuhan metro introduced the mobile payment. The travelers can open the Alipay APP on the mobile phones, click on "Transport", and select "Wuhan". After completing identity verification, the travelers will obtain a QR code for the metro pass to enter and exit the metro faregates by having the QR code scanned. |File:Passengers exit or enter Wuhan Metro system by QR code (1).jpg|Wuhan Metro introduced QR code payment across the whole network. |FILE:Ticket of Wuhan Metro.jpg|Single journey token |FILE:Optics Valley Square Station Ticket Machine.jpg|Ticket vending machines |FILE:Qushuilou Station (2).jpg|Faregates |FILE:琴台站（4）.jpg|Customer service center

Discount

Most passagers enter and exit the system using a proximity card called Wuhan Tong, which is available at all metro stations. Passagers who pay metro fare with a Wuhan Tong Card can receive a 10% discount. Besides the metro, Passengers can also pay tram, bus, and ferry fees by Wuhan Tong within Wuhan.

Multi-day pass

There are three kinds of multi-day pass cards valid for one, three, and seven days respectively.

• One-day pass: ¥18 each and valid for 1 day;
• Three-day pass: ¥45 each and valid for 3 days;
• Seven-day pass: ¥90 each and valid for 7 days. Cardholders may enjoy one, three, or seven days of unlimited rides in the metro system. The multi-day pass cards are available at the Customer Service Centres in the metro stations. In addition, a RMB 20 deposit is charged for each multi-day pass card.

Amenities

thumb|220px|Lift on the platform 4G LTE services are provided in all stations and trains. As Line 1 was put into operation earlier, it lacks in some facilities. For more amenity information, please see the table below. It is worth mentioning that most of the restrooms are set outside the paid area.

Food ban

Wuhan was the first city on the Chinese mainland to ban food and drinks on the subway on December 28, 2013, dishing out fines of up to RMB200. On 1 April 2020, a nationwide food ban was enacted, which also includes conduct rules cracking down on bad subway etiquette, such as stepping on seats, lying down on a bench or floor and playing music or videos out loud.

Rolling stock

Main article: Wuhan Metro rolling stock

|File:Rolling stock NO. A62 of Wuhan Metro Line 1.jpg|Line 1 |File:Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Line 2 2018-02-05 (1).jpg|Line 2 |File:Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Line 3 2018-02-13.jpg|Line 3 |File:NO. D51 train of Wuhan Metro Line 4.jpg|Line 4 |File:Rolling stock of Wuhan Metro Line 5.jpg|Line 5 |File:武汉地铁6号线列车在金银湖停车场（7）.jpg|Line 6 |File:Train No. G10 of Wuhan Metro Line 7 at Yufu Rd station.jpg|Line 7 |file:武汉地铁8号线列车(3).jpg|Line 8 |File:Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Line 11 02APR2018 (05).jpg|Line 11 |File:Rolling stock of Wuhan Metro Line 16.jpg|Line 16 |File:Rolling stock of Wuhan Metro Line 19 (13).jpg|Line 19 |File:Rolling Stock of Wuhan Metro Yangluo Line (3).jpg|Yangluo Line |File:Train Interior of Wuhan Metro Line 7 (1).jpg|Train interior of Line 7 |File:武汉轨道交通11号线车厢内部 (2).jpg|Train interior of Line 11 |File:武汉地铁8号线三金潭车辆段.jpg|Sanjintan Depot of Line 8 |File:Wuhan Metro Line 5 train cab.jpg|Train cab of Line 5, which is the first fully automated (GoA4) metro line in Wuhan

Signalling

Wuhan Metro Line 1 is the first one equipped with moving block system in China. All the lines are equipped with CBTC. A fully automated, driverless train system (GoA4), provided by Traffic Control Technology Corporation Limited, has been applied to Line 5 since 26 December 2021.

Ridership

Since 2012, the ridership of the entire network has grown as the new lines or sections come into operation every year. The following data were released by the Wuhan Statistics Bureau, however, the data before 2007 are unavailable. The sudden drop in ridership in 2020 was due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in China, with Hubei, and Wuhan specifically being the worst affected area in China. |File:Wangjiawan Station during the morning rush hour (2).jpg|Wangjiawan Station |File:Wuhan Business District Station Rush Hour (2).jpg|Wuhan Business District Station |File:Xianggang Road Station (Wuhan Metro) during the evening rush hour (1).jpg|Xianggang Road Station

Future expansion

thumb|220px|Wuhan Metro future expansion diagram A number of lines are under construction. Line 12 will be a loop line. Line 9, 10, as well as Line 13, are being planned by the municipal authority.

Stations

Main article: List of Wuhan Metro stations

Almost all stations, except the stations on Line 1, are equipped with platform screen doors. There is a plan that stations on Line 1 will be equipped with platform screen doors in the future. The metro stations are equipped to be disabled and elderly friendly, with an automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. The stations are also equipped with non-slip flooring, grip-rails, audio announcements and Braille to help visually challenged passengers.

Gallery

|File:Zhuyeshan Station 03.jpg|Station entrance |File:Guidepost of Wuhan Metro.jpg|Guidepost |File:Wuhan Business District Station 09.jpg|The concourse of Wuhan Business District Station |File:Huangpu Road Station in 2017 (6).jpg|The concourse of Huangpu Road Station, Line 8 |File:Widened Platform of Wuhan Metro Line 1 Huangpu Road Station.jpg|The widened platform of Huangpu Road Station, Line 1 |File:Wuhan Metro Line 7 Pangxiejia Station Platform (2).jpg|The platform of Pangxiejia Station, Line 7 |File:Tianhe International Airport Station (Metro) 02.jpg|Tianhe International Airport Station |File:Xujiapeng Station (3).jpg|The platform of Xujiapeng Station, Line 8 |File:Sanyang Rd. Station, Wuhan Metro Line 7 (2).jpg|Transfer passage in Sanyang Road Station |File:Hall of Matoutan Park Station.jpg|The concourse of Matoutan Park Station |File:Hall of Luoxiong Road Station.jpg|The concourse of Luoxiong Road Station |File:Hall of Hanzheng Street Station (1).jpg|The concourse of Hanzheng Street Station |File:English zhongnan & hongguang.svg|Continuous cross-platform transfer on Line 2 & 4

Network map

| frame-lat = 30.56 | frame-long = 114.25 | frame-width = 750 | frame-height = 470

Notes

References

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