Williamson County, Illinois

History

Williamson County was formed from Franklin County on February 28, 1839, and was named for Williamson County, Tennessee. Many of its settlers were from the Uplands South, traveling via the Ohio River from Kentucky and Virginia. |publication-date = 1989 |editor-last = Keller |editor-first = William E. |url-access = registration

File:Williamson County Illinois 1839.png|Williamson County at the time of its creation in 1839

It became a center of coal mining, attracting numerous European immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Labor tensions rose as workers sought to unionize and improve their wages and conditions. Mine owners resisted and several episodes of violence resulted during strikes and other work actions. Williamson County is often referred to as "Bloody Williamson," due to several outbreaks of violence that have few parallels in American history.{{Citation | url-access = registration

These include the Bloody Vendetta (1876), armed confrontation between families and associates during the waning days of Reconstruction; the Carterville Massacre (1899), a Coal Strike (1906), the Herrin Massacre (1922), the Klan War (1924–1926), and the Birger/Shelton Gang War (1926).

During the so-called Klan War, a mob of perhaps 1,300 men were deputized by the local sheriff. Starting on February 1, 1924, the posse began raiding the homes of local mine workers, mostly Italian immigrants. The Klan was inspired by both nativist and Prohibitionist fervor. Violence continued sporadically between bootleggers and the Klan. Twenty people were killed before peace was restored.

In June 1915, a Sicilian miner accused of the fatal shooting of a wealthy local resident was lynched in Johnston City, Illinois by a mob. The Illinois National Guard was deployed to prevent rioting between the miner's supporters and opponents. They were also later ordered to various locations repeatedly during the 1920s to separate warring parties and attempt to keep order.

The northwest section of the county suffered extensive damage during the Tri-State Tornado of 1925. The county was also struck by two tornadoes on May 29, 1982, which killed 10 people in the Marion, Illinois tornado outbreak. On May 8, 2009, the cities of Carterville, Herrin, and Marion were severely damaged by the May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 444 sqmi, of which 420 sqmi is land and 24 sqmi (5.4%) is water.

Adjacent counties

• Franklin County (north)
• Saline County (east)
• Pope County (southeast)
• Johnson County (south)
• Union County (southwest)
• Jackson County (west)

National protected area

• Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Major highways

• [[File:I-24.svg|20px]] Interstate 24
• [[File:I-57.svg|20px]] Interstate 57
• [[File:US 45.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 45
• [[File:Illinois 13.svg|20px]] Illinois Route 13
• [[File:Illinois 37.svg|20px]] Illinois Route 37
• [[File:Illinois 148.svg|20px]] Illinois Route 148
• [[File:Illinois 149.svg|20px]] Illinois Route 149
• [[File:Illinois 166.svg|20px]] Illinois Route 166

Transit

• Rides Mass Transit District
• South Central Transit
• Greyhound Lines
• List of intercity bus stops in Illinois

Airport

Veterans Airport of Southern Illinois in Marion is the local airport.

Climate and weather

|Marion, Illinois |19|38|3.26 |23|44|3.17 |33|55|4.45 |42|66|4.54 |52|75|4.93 |61|83|4.32 |65|87|3.89 |63|86|3.72 |55|79|3.13 |43|68|3.06 |34|55|4.77 |24|43|3.72 | access-date = January 27, 2011 Williamson County lies on the border between humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. It is subject to both cold Arctic air and hot, humid tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico and, along with the rest of the midwestern United States, is home to some of the largest temperature extremes in the world.

The region has four distinct seasons. Spring is the wettest season and produces erratic severe weather ranging from tornadoes to winter storms. Summers are hot and humid, with only occasional and brief respite, and the humidity often makes the heat index rise to temperatures feeling well above 100 °F. Fall is mild with lower humidity and can produce intermittent bouts of heavy rainfall, with the first snow flurries usually forming in late November. Winters are cold with periodic snow and temperatures often below freezing; however, thaws are usually frequent. Winter storm systems, such as Alberta clippers and Panhandle hooks, can bring days of heavy freezing rain, ice pellets, and snowfall.

The normal high temperature in July is 90 °F, and the normal low temperature in January is 19 °F, although this varies from year to year. Both 100 and temperatures can be seen on an average 2 or 3 days per year. In recent years, average temperatures have ranged from a low of 19 °F in January to a high of 88 °F in July, although a record low of -25 °F was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 113 °F was recorded in August 1977. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.06 in in October to 4.93 in in May.

Williamson County has thunderstorms about 50 days a year on average. Thunderstorms contribute over half of the annual precipitation. Especially in the spring, these storms can often be severe, with high winds, large hail and tornadoes.

Some late autumns feature the warm weather known as Indian summer; some years see roses in bloom as late as early December.

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2013

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 67,153. The median age was 41.9 years; 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.3 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 87.7% White, 4.3% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.2% Asian,

59.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 41.0% lived in rural areas.

There were 28,145 households in the county, of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 46.4% were married-couple households, 18.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 28.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 31,818 housing units, of which 11.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 69.1% were owner-occupied and 30.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 14.1%.

Racial and ethnic composition

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 66,357 people, 27,421 households, and 17,999 families residing in the county.{{cite web |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213011740/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US17199 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213184852/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US17199 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213011251/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US17199 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead

Of the 27,421 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.4% were non-families, and 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 40.1 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,579 and the median income for a family was $50,929. Males had a median income of $41,428 versus $30,901 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,164. About 13.3% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.3% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.{{cite web |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213012542/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US17199 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead

Communities

Cities

• Carbondale (mostly in Jackson County)
• Carterville
• Creal Springs
• Herrin
• Hurst
• Johnston City
• Marion (seat) (partly in Johnson County)

Villages

• Bush
• Cambria
• Colp
• Crainville
• Energy
• Freeman Spur (partly in Franklin County)
• Pittsburg
• Spillertown
• Stonefort (mostly in Saline County)

Census-designated places

• Blairsville
• Crab Orchard
• Whiteash

Other unincorporated communities

• Attila
• Corinth
• Crenshaw
• Dewmaine
• Dog Walk
• Dykersburg
• Fergestown
• Hudgens
• New Dennison
• No. 9
• Paineville
• Palzo
• Paulton
• Pulleys Mill
• Stiritz
• Willeford

Ghost towns

• Chamness
• Clifford
• Dewmaine
• Halfway
• Halfway (Little Juarez)

Precincts

The following precincts are not voting precincts, but represent the 12 Congressional townships in Williamson County. Most have multiple voting precincts.

• Blairsville
• Carterville
• Corinth
• Crab Orchard
• Creal Springs
• East Marion
• Grassy
• Herrin
• Lake Creek
• Southern
• Stonefort
• West Marion

Education

School districts include:

K-12:

• Carrier Mills-Stonefort Community Unit School District
• Carterville Community Unit School District 5
• Crab Orchard Community Unit School District 3
• Frankfort Community Unit School District 168
• Galatia Community Unit School District 1
• Herrin Community Unit School District 4
• Johnston City Community Unit School District 1
• Marion Community Unit School District 2
• Zeigler-Royalton Community Unit School District 188

Secondary:

• Carbondale Community High School District 165
• Vienna High School District 133

Elementary:

• Giant City Community Consolidated School District 130
• New Simpson Hill Consolidated District 32

Government and infrastructure

United States Penitentiary, Marion is located in Southern Precinct in Williamson County.

Politics

Williamson County has been solidly Republican on the national level, voting for the Republican candidates for U.S. president since 2000.

References

References

1. (March 2025). "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020–2024". U.S. Department of Commerce.
2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
4. (May 31, 2011). "Last Call; The Rise & fall of Prohibition". Simon & Schuster.
5. [http://strangefruitandspanishmoss.blogspot.com/2016/09/june-10-1915-joe-strando.html "SLAYER LYNCHED BY ILLINOIS MOB"], ''Belvidere Daily Republican'' (Belvidere, Illinois), June 11, 1915; accessed February 2, 2017
6. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates Tables". United States Census Bureau.
7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau.
8. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library.
9. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau.
10. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau.
11. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
12. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
13. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
14. "1980 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Illinois- Table 14 - Persons by Race and Table 16 (p. 18-28) - Total Persons and Spanish Origin Persons by Type of Spanish Origin and Race (p. 29-39)".
15. "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Illinois - Table 6 - Race and Hispanic Orogin".
16. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Williamson County, Illinois".
17. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Williamson County, Illinois".
18. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Williamson County, Illinois".
19. included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
20. included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
21. not an option in the 1980 Census
22. not an option in the 1990 Census
23. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Williamson County, IL". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
24. Geography Division. (April 9, 2021). "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Southern precinct, IL". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
25. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".