Willacy County, Texas

History

Willacy County was formed in 1911 from parts of Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, and originally included what is now Kenedy County; it was named for state senator John G. Willacy. Kenedy was split from Willacy in 1921, when the long-settled ranchers of the northern (Kenedy) part of the county sought to separate from the newly arrived farmers of the southern part.

The Bermuda onion was introduced to Willacy County in 1912. It grew well and slowly displaced ranchland in the southern part of the county, becoming the most important crop. For many years, the town of Raymondville held an annual Onion Festival, using the tag line, "The Breath of a Nation". In 1940, the first oil wells were sunk in the county's Willamar Oil Field; today, oil production is a major part of the local economy, although increasingly eclipsed by natural gas. Also in the 1940s, sorghum was introduced to the county, gradually displacing cotton and other crops. Cattle ranching remains a substantial economic activity, as well.

In the early 2010s, wind turbines began to be built in the rural part of the county east of U.S. Highway 77, a number expanded later in 2020. The turbines became an icon to the county's identity, with their being visible from northern Cameron County and eastern Hidalgo County. Power-line infrastructure was also improved in this period.

In recent years, the county has come under scrutiny for police deaths with two in custody deaths in two years. In 2023, the county paid $1,000,000.00 to the family of John Ray Zamora after Zamora died in custody according to attorney Israel G. Perez III.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 784 sqmi, of which 194 sqmi (25%) are covered by water. The county borders the Gulf of Mexico.

Major highways

• [[Image:I-69E (TX).svg|25px]] [[Image:US 77.svg|20px]] Interstate 69E/U.S. Highway 77
• [[Image:Texas 186.svg|20px]] State Highway 186
• [[Image:Texas FM 498.svg|20px]] Farm to Market Road 498

Adjacent counties

• Kenedy County (north)
• Cameron County (south)
• Hidalgo County (west)

National protected areas

• Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge (part)
• Padre Island National Seashore (part)

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1850–2010 2010 2020

Racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 20,164. The median age was 36.3 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 15.8% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 112.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 116.1 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 43.4% White, 2.5% Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian,

There were 5,714 households in the county, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 47.0% were married-couple households, 16.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.6% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 6,770 housing units, of which 15.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.5% were owner-occupied and 25.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.7%.

64.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 35.6% lived in rural areas.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, 22,134 people, 5,764 households, and 4,607 families were living in the county. Of all households, 46.0% had children under 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder no wife, and 20.1% were not families. About 32.9% of all households contained an individual who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28, and the average family size was 3.73.

Of the population, 85.8% of residents were White (10.1% non-Hispanic white), 2.1% Black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% Native American, 9.3% of some other race and 1.8% of two or more races. 87.2% of residents were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

In the county, the age distribution was 26.8% under 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $22,881, and for a family was $25,399. The per capita income for the county was $10,800. 39.4% of families and 43.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.5% of those under age 18 and 38.3% of those age 65 or over. The county's per-capita income makes it among the poorest counties in the United States.

Education

School districts that serve Willacy County include:

• Lasara Independent School District
• Lyford Consolidated Independent School District
• Raymondville Independent School District
• San Perlita Independent School District

In addition, residents are allowed to apply for magnet schools operated by the South Texas Independent School District.

All of the county is in the service area of Texas Southmost College.

Media

• Raymondville Chronicle & Willacy County News – Official Site
• KFRQ 94.5FM – Official Site
• KKPS 99.5FM – Official Site
• KNVO 101.1FM – Official Site
• KVLY 107.9FM – Official Site

Prisons

Raymondville is the location of three private prisons, all adjacent to each other:

• the Willacy County Correctional Center (closed 2015)
• the Willacy County Regional Detention Center
• and Willacy County State Jail

Indictments

On November 18, 2008, a Willacy County grand jury indicted a number of political figures, including Vice President Dick Cheney and former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. Two state district judges were also indicted along with State Senator Eddie Lucio, Jr. --

Politics

Like most majority-Hispanic counties in the Rio Grande Valley, Willacy is a staunchly Democratic county. However, in recent years the county has voted increasingly more Republican, keeping up with the trend of other counties in the Rio Grande Valley. Republican candidate Donald Trump would win the county in the 2024 presidential election. The only other times the county voted for the Republican candidate were in 1972 with Richard Nixon and Dwight D. Eisenhower's victories in 1952 and 1956.

Communities

Cities

• Lyford
• Raymondville (county seat)
• San Perlita

Census-designated places

• Lasara
• Los Angeles
• Port Mansfield
• Ranchette Estates
• Santa Monica
• Sebastian
• Zapata Ranch

Unincorporated community

• Lyford South

References

References

1. "Willacy County, Texas".
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. (2008). "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". [[Newberry Library.
4. (December 4, 2023). "Texas Rangers investigating Willacy County inmate's death".
5. (December 27, 2023). "Family of RGV man killed after arrest reach $1 million settlement".
6. (December 26, 2023). "Willacy County pays $1m for inmate's death amid police brutality claims".
7. (December 26, 2023). "Willacy County paying family $1 million in beating death lawsuit".
8. (December 26, 2023). "Willacy County to pay family of man who died in jail $1M, attorney says".
9. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
10. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". [[US Census Bureau]].
11. "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010". Texas Almanac.
12. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Willacy County, Texas".
13. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Willacy County, Texas".
14. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Willacy County, Texas".
15. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
16. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
17. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
18. [[United States counties by per capita income]]
19. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Willacy County, TX". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
20. "About". [[South Texas Independent School District]].
21. [https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.130.htm Texas Education Code, Sec. 130.204. TEXAS SOUTHMOST COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.].
22. (March 26, 2015). "Goodbye to Tent City".
23. Sherman, Christopher. [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/tx/6121456.html :State senator wants broad indictments dismissed," ''The Houston Chronicle''.] November 19, 2008. {{Dead link. (July 2021)
24. "Trump's near sweep of Texas border counties shows a shift to the right for Latino voters". The Texas Tribune.
25. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
26. (November 5, 2024). "2024 Senate Election (Official Returns)".