Wendy Sherman

Early life and education

Sherman was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father, Malcolm Sherman, a veteran of the U.S. Marines, was originally from Philadelphia. While she was in elementary school, her family moved to Pikesville, Maryland, and Sherman attended Pikesville High School. In 1976, she earned a master's degree in social work from the University of Maryland.

Career

Early career

Sherman, a social worker, began her career working to help women who had been abused and people in poverty. She credits her skills in negotiations to her social work experience and education saying: “For me that core set of skills was in community organizing and clinical skills and I only half joke that those clinical skills have been very effective with both dictators and members of Congress . . . it does help to understand interpersonal relations and how people think and feel and have different sets of interests.”

As part of the neighborhood movement, she worked as a social activist, alongside activists like Geno Baroni and Arthur Naparstek on problems related to low-income housing.

Sherman's early jobs were in partisan politics and social work. These included working as the director of EMILY's List, which provides money to pro-choice, female, Democratic political candidates. She also worked as director of Maryland's office of child welfare and as the president and CEO of the Fannie Mae Foundation, an arm of Fannie Mae.

North Korea nuclear negotiations

Wendy Sherman was the Clinton administration's policy coordinator for North Korea. The Clinton Administration had first arrived at the 1994 Agreed Framework under which North Korea agreed to freeze and dismantle its nuclear weapons program, including its main reactor at Yongbyon (Sherman continues to defend the 1994 deal and her involvement in it, stating that "during the Clinton administration not one ounce of plutonium was added to the North Korean stockpile"). Sherman later headed North Korean negotiation policy until 2001. In 2001, following years of secret negotiations with Kim Jong Il, North Korea had promised not to produce, test or deploy missiles with a range of more than 300 miles. That offer would prevent North Korea from fielding missiles that could strike the United States. North Korea also offered to halt the sale of missiles, missile components, technology and training.

In 2001, in a New York Times op-ed, Sherman recommended that the only way the US deal could deal with North Korea's disputed programs and prevent them achieving a nuclear capability was through diplomacy, writing that Kim Jong Il now "appears ready to make landmark commitments."

In 1999, James Baker criticized her team's negotiating strategy with North Korea as "appeasement" that was rewarding the North Korean regime for minimal concessions, and he said that as a result they would fail to prevent their nuclear program. In 2011, John Bolton said that Wendy Sherman had been central in forming a policy on North Korea that was "nothing less than appeasement."

Private sector, political, think-tank career

She has been a vice chair of Albright Stonebridge Group, Albright's international strategic consulting firm, since the group's formation in 2009. She advised Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential campaign, and she served with Thomas Donilon as an agency review lead for the State Department in the Obama presidential transition.

In 2015 she was named as one of The Forward 50.

Sherman also sits on the Atlantic Council's board of directors.

Fannie Mae

From April 1996, Sherman became founding president and CEO of the newly created Fannie Mae Foundation, which was developed by Fannie Mae and endowed with $350 million in Fannie stock, with the goal of promoting home ownership and mortgages across wider sectors of American society. She has also been a member of the operating committee of Fannie Mae. At Fannie Mae, she set in place the groundwork for the newly recreated foundation.

In 1996, she described her mission as the first president of the Fannie Mae Foundation:

In addition, two other programs came over. One is the New Americans Program, which is an effort to reach out to new citizens and immigrants to this country, because it was found in some research done in 1995 by Fannie Mae that immigrants who are renters are three times more likely to become homeowners than are other renters – because part of the American dream is to become a citizen and own your home.

The last piece is an initiative trying to end some of the discriminatory practices in the mortgage lending business. We have a beginning of a program, where we are going to work with community colleges and other partnerships to help folks take courses and get into the mortgage lending business, so that the people who sit across the table – they become loan officers – may look a little bit more like you, might understand your culture and your values.}}

Under secretary of state for political affairs (2011–2015)

On September 21, 2011, she was appointed to the position of under secretary of state for political affairs by Secretary Hillary Clinton. In this capacity, Sherman led the US team during six negotiating rounds between Iran and six world powers about Tehran's nuclear program and was the fourth-highest-ranking member of the department.

She was named part of a special task force by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to implement recommendations to improve protections for foreign service personnel, as a result of the 2012 Benghazi attack.

Sherman was critical of Benjamin Netanyahu's step back from a two-state solution, suggesting it could impact the United States' veto policy surrounding related resolutions at the United Nations.

She was criticized by human rights organizations, including Amnesty International for praising Ethiopia for "strengthening its democracy" in wake of the 2015 elections - citing democratic backsliding and suppression of human rights.

She played a role in negotiating the details behind the Syria peace talks of 2016.

Chief nuclear negotiator with Iran

In October 2013, before negotiations began in Geneva between Iran and the so-called "P5+1," she made a comment about the Iranian negotiating strategy in a Senate committee hearing. She said, "We know that deception is part of the DNA." This caused her some trouble when a number of Iranian officials, including some members of the country's parliament, asked her to apologize. She served as the lead negotiator for the United States in the agreement reached with Iran on July 14, 2015, in Vienna.

Remarks on East Asia

On February 27, 2015, Sherman told a conference at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace "The Koreans and Chinese have quarreled with Tokyo over so-called comfort women from World War II. There are disagreements about the content of history books and even the names given to various bodies of water. All this is understandable, but it can also be frustrating." She continued, "Of course, nationalist feelings can still be exploited, and it's not hard for a political leader anywhere to earn cheap applause by vilifying a former enemy. But such provocations produce paralysis, not progress." Her comments were condemned by South Korea, but an analyst at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies said the reaction to Ms. Sherman's remarks seemed excessive, and that her comments were in line with US policy.

Deputy secretary of state (2021–2023)

On January 16, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden formally nominated Sherman to serve as deputy secretary of state under Antony Blinken. On March 11, 2021, her nomination was reported out of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Her nomination was approved by the full Senate on April 13, 2021, by a vote of 56 to 42. She is the first woman to hold the position. She was sworn into office on April 14, 2021.

In December 2021, The Washington Post reported that Sherman lobbied to water down the language of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act.

In May 2023, Reuters reported that Sherman did not support stricter export control rules on Huawei and wished to revive Blinken's canceled visit to China following the 2023 Chinese balloon incident. The same month, CNN reported that Sherman was expected to leave her post in summer 2023. Sherman retired on July 28, 2023.

Personal life

Sherman is married to Bruce Stokes, a former journalist and director for Global Economic Attitudes at the Pew Research Center. They first met in 1978 for a discussion about low-income housing. They have a daughter.

Publications

Books

• Not for the Faint of Heart: Lessons in Courage, Power and Persistence, PublicAffairs, September 2018

Articles

• How We Got the Iran Deal, Foreign Affairs, August 14, 2018

Honours

• [[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|55px|ribbon bar]] Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2024)

References

References

1. (September 21, 2011). "Wendy R. Sherman". U.S. Department of State, [[Office of the Historian]].
2. "Wendy R. Sherman".
3. Levkowitz, Alon. (2014). "Negotiating with Iran:: Lessons from America's Failed Nuclear Accord with North Korea". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
4. Pazzanese, Christina. (January 6, 2020). "Wendy Sherman on where we are as Iran shrugs off nuclear deal".
5. Carter, Cathy. (February 17, 2020). "In Sarasota, Obama Official Talks Foreign Policy, Calls Killing Of Iranian General 'A Risk'".
6. http://www.iop.harvard.edu/wendy-sherman , Harvard Kennedy School.
7. Wickenden, Dorothy. (May 18, 2018). "An Architect of the Iran Deal Sees Her Work Crumbling".
8. (April 15, 2021). "Wendy Sherman to be US deputy secretary of state".
9. Hancock, Jay (July 21, 1999). "Confidante to Albright". ''The Baltimore Sun''. p. 1A.
10. [https://www.jta.org/2015/08/26/jewish-holidays/the-top-jewish-newsmakers-of-5775 Jewish Telegraph Agency: "The top 13 Jewish newsmakers of 5775" By Julie Wiener] August 26, 2015.
11. "Malcolm Sherman Obituary - Pikesville, MD | Baltimore Sun".
12. [[David Axelrod (political consultant). Axelrod, David]] (March 23, 2017). "Interview with Wendy Sherman". ''The Axe Files''. CNN.
13. link. (November 27, 2014 Yochi Dreazen, October 14, 2013, ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine.)
14. [https://www.baltimoresun.com/1999/07/21/confidante-to-albright-counselor-wendy-shermans-career-started-with-social-work-and-ran-through-barbara-mikulskis-office-to-foreign-policy-at-the-state-department/ Confidante to Albright] Jay Hancock, The Baltimore Sun, 1999.
15. (December 18, 2019). "Amb. Wendy Sherman's "Not for the Faint of Heart"".
16. [http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/88/wsherman.html An Interview with Wendy R. Sherman] Chester Hartmann, July/August 1996, Shelterforce Magazine, Issue 88 (National Housing Institute).
17. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/world/middleeast/politics-and-a-ruptured-tendon-dont-faze-lead-iran-negotiator.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0 Politics and a Ruptured Tendon Don’t Faze Lead Iran Negotiator] David E. Sanger, November 30, 2013, ''The New York Times''.
18. [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304439804579207422182734460 Iran Follows in North Korea's Nuclear Shoes] Claudia Rosett, ''The Wall Street Journal'', November 19, 2013.
19. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/06/world/how-politics-sank-accord-on-missiles-with-north-korea.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm How Politics Sank Accord on Missiles With North Korea] Michael R. Gordon, March 6, 2001, ''The New York Times''.
20. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/19/opinion/north-korea-wins-again.html North Korea Wins Again] James A. Baker, March 1999, ''The New York Times''.
21. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/john-bolton-on-wendy-sherman/2011/03/29/AGW2ULWH_blog.html John Bolton on Wendy Sherman] By Jennifer Rubin, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', June 15, 2011.
22. "Forward 50 2015". Forward.com.
23. "Board of Directors".
24. "Biography, Wendy R. Sherman, Under Secretary, Political Affairs". United States Department of State.
25. (December 19, 2012). "Benghazi attack review team seeks better protection of US foreign personnel, posts".
26. (April 27, 2015). "Top US official intimates UN veto policy could change".
27. (May 21, 2015). "Is Ethiopia about to get more than one opposition MP?". BBC News.
28. (November 5, 2013). "Diplomats Fail to Agree on Details for Syria Peace Talks". The New York Times.
29. Richter, Paul. (October 3, 2013). "State Dept. official urges Congress to delay new Iran sanctions".
30. world, Young Journalists Club | Latest news of Iran and. (October 23, 2013). "Lawmaker: Majlis wants to hear US apologize".
31. (October 6, 2015). "Inside the Iran nuclear deal".
32. (February 27, 2015). "US diplomat angers Seoul with comments on regional tension". The Financial Times.
33. (February 27, 2015). "Remarks on Northeast Asia". U. S. Department of State.
34. (January 16, 2021). "Biden selects Wendy Sherman for No. 2 State Department post". The Hill.
35. (March 11, 2021). "Business Meeting | United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations".
36. "Senate vote". US Senate.
37. (January 16, 2021). "President-elect Biden Announces Key Nominations for the Department of State". Biden-Harris Transition.
38. "I'm honored by the trust placed in me by @POTUS , @VP , and @SecBlinken , and thrilled to serve as the 21st Deputy Secretary of State – and the first woman to do so. Follow me here for official updates on @StateDept 's work around the world.".
39. (2021-12-04). "White House says it isn't trying to weaken bill on China's Uyghurs". [[Reuters]].
40. Martina, Michael. (2023-05-11). "Why the US delayed China sanctions after shooting down a spy balloon". [[Reuters]].
41. Atwood, Kylie. (2023-05-12). "Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman expected to leave post this summer, sources say".
42. "On the Retirement of Deputy Secretary Sherman".
43. (November 26, 2013). "Two Women, Catherine Ashton and Wendy Sherman, Key Shapers of Iran Deal".
44. (December 18, 2019). "Amb. Wendy Sherman's "Not for the Faint of Heart"".
45. Sherman, Wendy. (2018-08-13). "How We Got the Iran Deal". Foreign Affairs.
46. "令和6年春の外国人叙勲 受章者名簿". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.