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Water polo at the Summer Olympics

none

Field	Value
image	water polo pictogram.svg
size	150
sport	water polo
code	WPO
menevents	1
womenevents	1
otherlinks	Overall statistics (men • women)
Champions (men • women)
Team appearances (men • women)
Player appearances (men • women)
Top goalscorers (men • women)
Goalkeepers (men • women)
Flag bearers and oath takers
Venues

Champions (men • women) Team appearances (men • women) Player appearances (men • women) Top goalscorers (men • women) Goalkeepers (men • women) Flag bearers and oath takers Venues

Water Polo at the 2024 Olympics (Italy v. Montenegro)

]][[File:Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre (1).jpg|thumb|220px|upright|[[Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics]]]]

Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympics program since the second games, in 1900. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Hungary has been the most successful country in men's tournament, while the United States is the only team to win multiple times at the women's tournament since its introduction. Italy was the first to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments.

History

Main article: History of water polo

The history of water polo as a team sport began in mid-19th century England and Scotland, where water sports were a feature of county fairs and festivals. Water polo has been included in every Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition sport, except 1896. Women's water polo made its debut in the Summer Olympics in 2000.

Beginnings

Water polo final at the 1908 London Olympics

Men's water polo was among the first team sports introduced at the modern Olympic Games in 1900. Seven European teams from four countries, including four from the host nation France, took part in the competition. The British team was the inaugural champion.

At the 1904 Summer Olympics, a water polo tournament was contested, three club teams of seven players each entered. A German team tried to enter, but its entry was refused because the players did not play for the same club. The event took place in a pond in Forest Park, the location of both the Olympics and the World's Fair. Previously, the International Olympic Committee and International Swimming Federation (FINA) considered the water polo event at the 1904 Olympics as a demonstration sport. However, in July 2021, after accepting the recommendation of Olympic historian Bill Mallon, the IOC recognized water polo along with several others as an official sport of the 1904 Olympic program. Water polo was not played at the 1906 Olympics.

From 1908 to 1920, the Great Britain men's national water polo team won three consecutive gold medals at the Olympics, becoming the first water polo team to have an Olympic winning streak (winning three or more Olympic titles in a row).

Hungarian dominance

Hungary men's national water polo team has participated in 22 of 27 Olympic tournaments, with fifteen Olympic medals (nine gold, three silver and three bronze). From 1928 to 1980, the Hungarians won twelve consecutive medals in water polo. Twenty years later, the team won three golds in a row between 2000 and 2008, becoming the second team to have an Olympic winning streak in water polo.

Blood in the Water match

Main article: Blood in the Water match

The most famous water polo match in Olympic history often referred to as the Blood in the Water match, was a 1956 Summer Olympics semi-final match between Hungary and the Soviet Union, played in Melbourne on 6 December 1956. As the athletes left for the games, the Hungarian revolution began, and the Soviet army crushed the uprising. The match was bloody and violent. The Hungarians defeated the Soviets 4–0 before the game was called off in the final minute to prevent angry Hungarians in the crowd reacting to Soviet player Valentin Prokopov punching Hungarian player Ervin Zádor. Pictures of Zádor's injuries were published around the world, leading to the "Blood in the Water" moniker.

The Hungarians went on to win the Olympic gold medal by defeating Yugoslavia 2–1 in the final.

Addition of women's program

Women's water polo became an Olympic sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Six nations competed in the women's tournament with home team Australia winning the gold medal over the United States.

From 2012 to 2020, the United States women's team won three consecutive gold medals at the Summer Olympics, becoming the first women's water polo team to have an Olympic winning streak.

Geography

Main article: Geography of water polo

Water polo is now popular in many countries around the world, notably in Europe (particularly in Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Spain), Australia, Brazil, Canada and the United States.

As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, 51 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) from six continents have sent their water polo teams to the Olympic Games. Men's water polo teams of European NOCs won all 27 official tournaments, while women's teams from Europe, North America and Oceania won all six gold medals. Water polo teams from Africa, Asia and South America have not won an Olympic medal yet.

Venues

Main article: List of Olympic venues in water polo

For the Summer Olympics, there are 34 venues that have been or will be used for water polo.

The Seine in Paris hosted the first water polo competitions at the 1900 Olympics. The Forest Park in St. Louis hosted the water polo events for the 1904 Summer Olympics.

The first water polo venue not located on a river or a lake took place at the 1908 London Olympics. It was not until the 1920 Olympics that a separate venue was created for the aquatic venues. The 1948 Games were the first Olympics in which water polo took place both indoors and in more than one venue. The first separate water polo venue that was not connected to other aquatic venues was at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.

The Water Polo Arena of the 2012 London Olympics was the first dedicated water polo venue to be built for an Olympics, the structure was taken down after the games.

France Paris 1900: Seine, Paris
United States St. Louis 1904: Forest Park, St. Louis
Great Britain London 1908: White City Stadium, White City
Sweden Stockholm 1912: Djurgårdsbrunnsviken, Stockholm
Belgium Antwerp 1920: Stade Nautique d'Antwerp, Antwerp
France Paris 1924: Piscine des Tourelles, Paris
Netherlands Amsterdam 1928: Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium, Amsterdam
United States Los Angeles 1932: Swimming Stadium, Los Angeles
Germany Berlin 1936: Olympic Swimming Stadium, Berlin
Great Britain London 1948: Empire Pool (final), Wembley; and Finchley Lido, North Finchley
Finland Helsinki 1952: Swimming Stadium, Helsinki
Australia Melbourne 1956: Swimming/Diving Stadium, Melbourne
Italy Rome 1960: Piscina delle Rose and Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto (final), both in Rome
Japan Tokyo 1964: Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool, Tokyo
Mexico Mexico City 1968: Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool (final) and University City Swimming Pool, both in Mexico City
West Germany Munich 1972: Dantebad and Schwimmhalle (final), both in Munich
Canada Montreal 1976: Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard and Olympic Pool (final), both in Montreal
Soviet Union Moscow 1980: Swimming Pool - Moscow and Swimming Pool - Olimpiysky (final), both in Moscow
United States Los Angeles 1984: Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool, Malibu, California
South Korea Seoul 1988: Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool, Seoul
Spain Barcelona 1992: Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc and Piscines Bernat Picornell (finals), both in Barcelona
United States Atlanta 1996: Georgia Tech Aquatic Center, Atlanta
Australia Sydney 2000: Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre, Ryde; and Sydney International Aquatic Centre, Sydney
Greece Athens 2004: Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre, Athens
China Beijing 2008: Ying Tung Natatorium, Beijing
Great Britain London 2012: Water Polo Arena, London
Brazil Rio de Janeiro 2016: Maria Lenk Aquatics Centre and Olympic Aquatics Stadium (finals), Rio de Janeiro
Japan Tokyo 2020: Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center, Tokyo
France Paris 2024: Paris Aquatic Centre and Paris La Défense Arena (finals)
United States Los Angeles 2028: Long Beach Waterfront
Australia Brisbane 2032: Sleeman Centre

Sources:

Official Reports (PDF): 1900–1996;
Official Results Books (PDF): 2000–2016;
Olympedia: Water polo venues.

Events

;Notes: :The X indicates that the tournament was held as a full Olympic medal sport. :The bullet () denotes that it was contested as an unofficial sport.

Event	96	00	04	08	12	20	24	28	32	36	48	52	56	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	20	24	Games	Men's tournament	Women's tournament	Total	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	29
																							X	X	X	X	X	X	X	7

Rules

Qualification summary

Year	M	W	1900-1956	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	2024	Total
No Qualification	No Tournament
1960 Men's Qualification
1964 Men's Qualification
1968 Men's Qualification
1972 Men's Qualification
1976 Men's Qualification
1980 Men's Qualification
1984 Men's Qualification
1988 Men's Qualification
1992 Men's Qualification
1996 Men's Qualification
2000 Men's Qualification	2000 Women's Qualification
2004 Men's Qualification	2004 Women's Qualification
2008 Men's Qualification	2008 Women's Qualification
2012 Men's Qualification	2012 Women's Qualification
2016 Men's Qualification	2016 Women's Qualification
2020 Men's Qualification	2020 Women's Qualification
2024 Men's Qualification	2024 Women's Qualification
17	7

Qualification

Since 2012, the qualifying process consists of five stages:

The team of the host nation qualifies automatically.
No more than one team qualifies as the top team in the FINA World League.
No more than three teams qualify as the top teams in the World Aquatics Championships.
No more than five teams qualify as the continental Olympic qualification tournament champions.
No more than four teams qualify through a world qualifying tournament, in which the best teams which did not qualify directly from each continent compete for the remaining berths.

Stage	Zone	Tournament	Berths	2012
—	Host nation	1 (from
Europe)	1 (from
Americas)	1 (from
Asia)
World – FINA	FINA Water Polo World League	1	1	1
World – FINA	World Aquatics Championships	3	2	2
Africa – CANA	African Continental Selection	0	0	1
Americas – UANA	Pan American Games	1	1	1
Asia – AASF	Asian Water Polo Championship	1	1	1
Europe – LEN	European Water Polo Championship	0	1	1
Oceania – OSA	Oceanian Continental Selection	1	1	1
World – FINA	World Qualification Tournament	4	4	3

Stage	Zone	Tournament	Berths	2012
—	Host nation	1 (from
Europe)	1 (from
Americas)	1 (from
Asia)
World – FINA	FINA Water Polo World League	0	0	1
World – FINA	World Aquatics Championships	0	0	1
Africa – CANA	African Continental Selection	0	0	1
Americas – UANA	Pan American Games	1	0	1
Asia – AASF	Asian Water Polo Championship	1	1	1
Europe – LEN	European Water Polo Championship	0	1	1
Oceania – OSA	Oceanian Continental Selection	1	1	1
World – FINA	World Qualification Tournament	4	4	2

Players

Eligibility

According to the FINA General Rules, the list below shows the requirements for a player to be eligible to play in international tournaments:

"GR 1.1: All competitors shall be registered with their National Federation to be eligible to compete."
"GR 2.5: When a competitor or competition official represents his/her country in a competition, he/she shall be a citizen, whether by birth or naturalisation, of the nation he/she represents, provided that a naturalised citizen shall have lived in that country for at least one year prior to that competition. Competitors, who have more than one nationality according to the laws of the respective nations must choose one 'Sport Nationality'. This choice shall be exercised by the first representation of the competitor for one of the countries."
"GR 2.6: Any competitor or competition official changing his sport nationality from one national governing body to another must have resided in the territory of and been under the jurisdiction of the latter for at least twelve months prior to his first representation for the country."

Competition format

For both the men's and women's tournaments at the 2020 Olympics (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), the competition consists of a round-robin group stage followed by a knockout stage. Teams are placed into two groups, with each team playing each other team in its group once. Teams earn 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss. The top four teams in each group advance to the knockout rounds. The knockout rounds are a single-elimination tournament consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals, and the gold and bronze medal matches.

Matches consist of four quarters of eight minutes each. During the knockout rounds, if the score is tied after four quarters (32 minutes), penalty shootouts, which is 5 rounds, plus extra rounds if tied, are used to determine the winner.

#	Year	Dates	Number of	Competition format
1900	11–12 August	7 teams	6 matches	Single-elimination tournament
1904	5–6 September	3 teams	2 matches
1908	15–22 July	4 teams	4 matches
1912	7–16 July	6 teams	10 matches
1920	22–29 August	12 teams	19 matches	Single-elimination tournament with Bergvall system for second- and third-place
1924	13–20 July	13 teams	19 matches
1928	4–11 August	14 teams	18 matches	Single-elimination tournament with Bergvall system for third place
1932	4–13 August	5 teams	6 matches	Round-robin tournament
1936	8–15 August	16 teams	40 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to the round-robin semi-final pool; round-robin semi-final pools advanced teams to the round-robin final pool
1948	28 July – 7 August	18 teams		Series of round-robin elimination pools, followed by round-robin semi-final pools, and then round-robin final pools
1952	25 July – 2 August	21 teams		Single-elimination tournament qualifying; round-robin pools advanced teams to the round-robin semi-final pool; round-robin semi-final pools advanced teams to the round-robin final pool
1956	28 November – 7 December	10 teams	29 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to the round-robin final pool
1960	25 August – 3 September	16 teams	40 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to the round-robin semi-final pool; round-robin semi-final pools advanced teams to the round-robin final pool
1964	11–18 October	13 teams	31 matches
1968	14–26 October	15 teams	63 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
1972	27 August – 4 September	16 teams	59 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to the round-robin final pool
1976	18–27 July	12 teams	48 matches
1980	20–29 July	12 teams	48 matches
1984	1–10 August	12 teams	42 matches
1988	21 September – 1 October	12 teams	42 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
1992	1–9 August	12 teams	42 matches
1996	20–28 July	12 teams	48 matches
2000	23 September – 1 October	12 teams	48 matches
2004	15–29 August	12 teams	44 matches
2008	10–24 August	12 teams	44 matches
2012	29 July – 12 August	12 teams	42 matches
2016	6–20 August	12 teams	42 matches
2020	25 July – 8 August 2021	12 teams	42 matches

#	Year	Dates	Number of	Competition format
2000	16–23 September	6 teams	20 matches	Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
2004	16–26 August	8 teams	20 matches
2008	11–21 August	8 teams	20 matches
2012	30 July – 9 August	8 teams	24 matches
2016	9–19 August	8 teams	24 matches
2020	24 July – 7 August 2021	10 teams	32 matches

Sources:

Official Reports (PDF): 1900–1996;
Official Results Books (PDF): 2000–2016;
Olympedia: 1900–2016;
Sports Reference: 1900–2016.

Game rules

Main article: Rules of water polo

Maximum number of players per team

Maximum number of players	1900–1904	1908–1980	1984–2016
7	7	7	7
11	11	13	12
11	11	13	13

Maximum number of players	2000–2016	2020–	In the playing area of the pool during an Olympic match	During an Olympic match	During an Olympic tournament	per nation	per nation
7	7
13	12
13	13

Sources:

Official Reports (PDF): 1900–1996;
Official Results Books (PDF): 2000–2016.

Anti-doping

Main article: Doping at the Olympic Games, List of doping cases in sport

The FINA follows the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) regulations on performance-enhancing drugs. According to the WADA, a positive in-competition test results in disqualification of the player and a suspension that varies based on the number of offences. When a player tests positive, the rest of their team is subjected to testing; another positive test can result in a disqualification of the entire team.

Men's tournament

Results summary

Year	Hosts	Gold medal game	Bronze medal game	Number of teams	Gold	Score	Silver	Score
France
Paris	****	7–2					3
United States
St. Louis	Water polo was a demonstration sport	Water polo was a demonstration sport
Great Britain
London	****	9–2					4
Sweden
Stockholm	****	8–0			5–4		6
Belgium
Antwerp	****	3–2			5–0		12
France
Paris	****	3–0			3–2		13
Netherlands
Amsterdam	****	5–2			8–1		14
United States
Los Angeles	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		5
Germany
Berlin	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		16
Great Britain
London	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		18
Finland
Helsinki	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		21
Australia
Melbourne	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		10
Italy
Rome	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		16
Japan
Tokyo	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		13
Mexico
Mexico City	****	13–11 (aet)			9–4		15
West Germany
Munich	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		16
Canada
Montreal	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		12
Soviet Union
Moscow	****	Round-robin			Round-robin	Olympic flag.svg
Spain	12
United States
Los Angeles	****	Round-robin			Round-robin		12
South Korea
Seoul	****	9–7 (aet)			14–13		12
Spain
Barcelona	****	9–8 (aet)		Olympic flag.svg
Unified Team	8–4		12
United States
Atlanta	****	7–5			20–18 (aet)		12
Australia
Sydney	****	13–6			8–3		12
Greece
Athens	****	8–7			6–5		12
China
Beijing	****	14–10			6–4		12
Great Britain
London	****	8–6			12–11		12
Brazil
Rio	****	11–7				12–10		12
Japan
Tokyo	****	13–10				9–5		12
France
Paris	****	13–11				8–8
(3–0) (ps)		12

Sources:

Official Reports (PDF): 1900–1996 (men's tournaments);
Official Results Books (PDF): 2000–2020 (men's tournaments);
Olympedia: 1900–2020 (men's tournaments);
Sports Reference: 1900–2016 (men's tournaments).

Confederation statistics

Main article: National team appearances in the men's Olympic water polo tournament#Confederation statistics

Best performances by tournament

Team statistics

Main article: National team appearances in the men's Olympic water polo tournament

Rk	Ref	p.	pp.
Rank	Reference	page	pages

Comprehensive team results by tournament

Finishes in the top four

Medal table

Champions (results, squads)

Main article: List of Olympic champions in men's water polo

Champions (results)

Champions (squads)

Team records

Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Team records

Player statistics

Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Player statistics

Rk	Ref	(C)
Rank	Reference	Captain
Playing position	Field player	Goalkeeper
Handedness	Left-handed	Right-handed
page	pages

Multiple appearances (five-time Olympians)

Main article: List of players who have appeared in multiple men's Olympic water polo tournaments

Multiple medalists

Main article: List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)

Multiple gold medalists

Main article: List of Olympic champions in men's water polo

Top goalscorers (one match, one tournament, all-time)

Top goalscorers (one match) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#One match

Top goalscorers (one tournament) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#One tournament

Top goalscorers (all-time) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#All-time

Top goalkeepers (one match, one tournament, all-time)

Top goalkeepers (one match) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#One match

Top goalkeepers (one tournament) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#One tournament

Top goalkeepers (all-time) Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#All-time

Coach statistics

Main article: List of men's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Coach statistics

Rk	Ref	p.	pp.
Rank	Reference	page	pages

Most successful coaches

Medals as coach and player

Women's tournament

Results summary

Year	Hosts	Gold medal game	Gold	Silver
Australia
Sydney	****	4–3	4–3	6
Greece
Athens	****	10–9 (aet)	6–5	8
China
Beijing	****	9–8	9–9 (aet)
(3–2) (ps)		8
Great Britain
London	****	8–5	13–11 (aet)	8
Brazil
Rio	****	12–5	12–12
(7–6) (ps)		8
Japan
Tokyo	****	14–5	11–9	10
France
Paris	****	11–9	11–10	10

Sources:

Official Results Books (PDF): 2000–2016 (women's tournaments);
Olympedia: 2000–2016 (women's tournaments);
Sports Reference: 2000–2016 (women's tournaments).

Confederation statistics

Main article: National team appearances in the women's Olympic water polo tournament#Confederation statistics

Best performances by tournament

Team statistics

Main article: National team appearances in the women's Olympic water polo tournament

Rk	Ref	p.	pp.
Rank	Reference	page	pages

Comprehensive team results by tournament

Finishes in the top four

Medal table

Champions (results, squads)

Main article: List of Olympic champions in women's water polo

Champions (results) Champions (squads)

Team records

Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Team records

Player statistics

Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Player statistics

Rk	Ref	(C)
Rank	Reference	Captain
Playing position	Field player	Goalkeeper
Handedness	Left-handed	Right-handed
page	pages

Multiple appearances (four-time Olympians)

Main article: List of players who have appeared in multiple women's Olympic water polo tournaments

Multiple medalists

Main article: List of Olympic medalists in water polo (women)

Multiple gold medalists

Main article: List of Olympic champions in women's water polo

Top goalscorers (one match, one tournament, all-time)

Top goalscorers (one match) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#One match

Top goalscorers (one tournament) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#One tournament

Top goalscorers (all-time) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers#All-time

Top goalkeepers (one match, one tournament, all-time)

Top goalkeepers (one match) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#One match

Top goalkeepers (one tournament) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#One tournament

Top goalkeepers (all-time) Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament goalkeepers#All-time

Coach statistics

Main article: List of women's Olympic water polo tournament records and statistics#Coach statistics

Rk	Ref	p.	pp.
Rank	Reference	page	pages

Most successful coaches

Medals as coach and player

Overall medal table

The following table is pre-sorted by number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), number of Olympic bronze medals (in descending order), name of the NOC (in ascending order), respectively. Last updated: 31 December 2021.

Italy is the only country to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments at the Summer Olympics. Italy men's national team won gold medals at the 1948, 1960 and 1992 Olympics, while the women's team was Olympic champions in 2004.

;Legend

NOC◊ – NOC that won medals in both the men's and women's tournaments
NOC† – Defunct NOC

Official Reports (FINA & LEN)

Winning two medals in one edition of the Games

As of the 2024 Summer Olympics, four NOCs won two medals in one edition of the Games.

Legend

– Hosts

Year	Nation	Men's tournament	Women's tournament	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020	2024
No NOC won both editions of the Year.}}
No NOC won both editions of the Year.}}
No NOC won both editions of the Year.}}

Water polo people at the opening and closing ceremonies

Flag bearers

Some sportspeople were chosen to carry the national flag of their country at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games. As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, thirty water polo people from six continents were given the honour. Among them, three flag bearers won the tournament with his/her team.

Charles Smith, representing Great Britain, was the first water polo player to be a flag bearer at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics.

Six-time Olympian Manuel Estiarte of Spain was the flag bearer during the opening ceremony at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

After winning gold in the women's tournament, Carmela Allucci, the captain of the Italian women's water polo team, carried the national flag of Italy at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics, becoming the first female water polo player to be given the honour.

Legend

– Opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics
– Closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics
– Hosts
– Female flag bearer
Flag bearer‡ – Flag bearer who won the tournament with his/her team

#	Year	Country	Flag bearer	Birth	Age	Height	Team	Pos	Water polo tournaments	Period
(age of
first/last)	Medals	Ref	1	2	3	4	5	6	G	S	B	T	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
1912 O	Great Britain Great Britain	Charles Smith‡		33	1.86 m		GK	1908	1912	1920	1924			16 years
(29/45)	3	0	0	3
1920 O	Belgium Belgium	Victor Boin		34			FP	1908	1912					4 years
(22/26)	0	1	1	2
1924 O	Great Britain Great Britain	Arthur Hunt		37			FP	1924						0 years
(37/37)	0	0	0	0
1928 O	France France	Jean Thorailler		40			GK	1912	1920					8 years
(24/32)	0	0	0	0
1948 O	Australia Australia	Les McKay		31			FP	1948						0 years
(31/31)	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia	Božo Grkinić		34			FP	1948						0 years
(34/34)	0	0	0	0
1952 O	Egypt Egypt	Ahmed Fouad Nessim		27			GK	1948	1952					4 years
(23/27)	0	0	0	0
1956 O	Singapore Singapore	Lionel Chee		25			FP	1956						0 years
(25/25)	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia	Zdravko-Ćiro Kovačić		31			GK	1948	1952	1956				8 years
(23/31)	0	2	0	2
1968 O	Brazil Brazil	João Gonçalves		33	1.75 m		FP	1960	1964	1968				8 years
(25/33)	0	0	0	0
Netherlands Netherlands	Fred van Dorp		30	1.90 m		FP	1960	1964	1968				8 years
(21/30)	0	0	0	0
1968 C	Netherlands Netherlands	Fred van Dorp		30	1.90 m		FP	1960	1964	1968				8 years
(21/30)	0	0	0	0
1972 O	Yugoslavia Yugoslavia	Mirko Sandić		30	1.98 m		FP	1960	1964	1968	1972			12 years
(18/30)	1	1	0	2
1976 C	Netherlands Netherlands	Evert Kroon		29	1.92 m		GK	1968	1972	1976				8 years
(22/29)	0	0	1	1
1980 O	Hungary Hungary	István Szívós Sr.		59	1.85 m		FP	1948	1952	1956				8 years
(27/36)	2	1	0	3
1984 O	Netherlands Netherlands	Ton Buunk		31	1.96 m		FP	1972	1976	1980	1984			12 years
(19/31)	0	0	1	1
1988 C	United States United States	Terry Schroeder		29	1.90 m		FP	1984	1988	1992				8 years
(25/33)	0	2	0	2
1996 O	Croatia Croatia	Perica Bukić		30	1.98 m		FP	1984	1988					12 years
(18/30)	2	1	0	3
	FP				1996
FR Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia	Igor Milanović		30	1.95 m		FP	1984	1988					12 years
(18/30)	2	0	0	2
	FP				1996
2000 O	Spain Spain	Manuel Estiarte		38	1.78 m		FP	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	20 years
(18/38)	1	1	0	2
2004 O	Croatia Croatia	Dubravko Šimenc		37	2.01 m		FP	1988						16 years
(21/37)	1	1	0	2
	FP			1996	2000	2004
2004 C	Italy Italy	Carmela Allucci‡		34	1.67 m		FP	2004						0 years
(34/34)	1	0	0	1
2008 O	Montenegro Montenegro	Veljko Uskoković		37	1.85 m		FP	1996	2000					12 years
(25/37)	0	0	1	1
	FP				2008
2008 C	Montenegro Montenegro	Veljko Uskoković		37	1.85 m		FP	1996	2000					12 years
(25/37)	0	0	1	1
	FP				2008
2012 O	Hungary Hungary	Péter Biros		36	1.96 m		FP	2000	2004	2008	2012			12 years
(24/36)	3	0	0	3
2016 O	Croatia Croatia	Josip Pavić		34	1.95 m		GK	2008	2012	2016				8 years
(26/34)	1	1	0	2
2016 C	Montenegro Montenegro	Predrag Jokić		33	1.88 m		FP	2004						12 years
(21/33)	0	1	0	1
	FP		2008	2012	2016
2020 O	SRB Serbia	Filip Filipović‡		34	1.96 m		FP	2008	2012	2016	2020			13 years
(21/34)	2	0	2	4
Montenegro Montenegro	Draško Brguljan		36	1.94 m		FP	2008	2012	2016	2020			13 years
(23/36)	0	0	0	0
2020 C	Greece Greece	Ioannis Fountoulis		33	1.85 m		FP	2012	2016	2020				9 years
(24/33)	0	1	0	1
Croatia Croatia	Andro Bušlje		35	1.99 m		FP	2008	2012	2016	2020			13 years
(22/35)	1	1	0	2
Montenegro Montenegro	Dušan Matković		22	1.90 m		FP	2020						0 years
(22/22)	0	0	0	0

Oath takers

Some sportspeople from the host nations were chosen to take the Olympic Oath at the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games. As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, four water polo people were given the honour.

As an athlete, Victor Boin of Belgium took the first ever Olympic Oath at the 1920 Games in Antwerp.

Eugeni Asensio, a Spanish water polo referee, took the Officials' Oath at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

As a water polo referee, Australian Peter Kerr took the Officials' Oath at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

Asumi Tsuzaki of Japan took the Officials' Oath at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, becoming the first female water polo referee to be given the honour.

Legend

– Hosts
– Female oath taker
Oath taker‡ – Oath taker who won the tournament with his/her team

#	Year	Oath	Birth	Age	Water polo tournament	Ref
1920	Athletes' Oath	Belgium	34	1908	1912	As player
1992	Officials' Oath	Spain		1992		As referee (official)
2000	Officials' Oath	Australia		1996	2000	As referee (official)
2020	Officials' Oath	Japan	32	2020		As referee (official)

Notes

References

Sources

Official Reports (IOC)

PDF documents in the LA84 Foundation Digital Library:

Official Report of the 1896 Olympic Games (download, archive)
Official Report of the 1900 Olympic Games (download, archive)
Official Report of the 1904 Olympic Games (download, archive)
Official Report of the 1908 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 359–361)
Official Report of the 1912 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 1021–1024, 1031–1037)
Official Report of the 1920 Olympic Games (download, archive) (p. 130)
Official Report of the 1924 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 439–440, 486–494)
Official Report of the 1928 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 746–757, 797–807)
Official Report of the 1932 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 619–623, 646–652)
Official Report of the 1936 Olympic Games, v.2 (download, archive) (pp. 345–356)
Official Report of the 1948 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 537–540, 640–647)
Official Report of the 1952 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 600–608)
Official Report of the 1956 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 592–594, 624–627)
Official Report of the 1960 Olympic Games (download, archive) (pp. 552–555, 617–634)
Official Report of the 1964 Olympic Games, v.2 (download, archive) (pp. 682–698)
Official Report of the 1968 Olympic Games, v.3 (download, archive) (pp. 449–466, 811–826)
Official Report of the 1972 Olympic Games, v.3 (download, archive) (pp. 331, 353–365)
Official Report of the 1976 Olympic Games, v.3 (download, archive) (pp. 446–447, 484–497)
Official Report of the 1980 Olympic Games, v.3 (download, archive) (pp. 458, 495–510)
Official Report of the 1984 Olympic Games, v.2 (download, archive) (pp. 528–534)
Official Report of the 1988 Olympic Games, v.2 (download, archive) (pp. 590–598)
Official Report of the 1992 Olympic Games, v.5 (download, archive) (pp. 354, 386–400)
Official Report of the 1996 Olympic Games, v.3 (download, archive) (pp. 56–73)

Official Results Books (IOC)

PDF documents in the LA84 Foundation Digital Library:

PDF documents on the FINA website:

Official Results Book – 2012 Olympic Games – Diving, Swimming, Synchronised Swimming, Water Polo (archive) (pp. 284–507)

PDF documents in the Olympic World Library:

Official Results Book – 2016 Olympic Games – Water Polo (archive)

PDF documents on the International Olympic Committee website:

Official Results Book – 2020 Olympic Games – Water Polo (archive)

Official Reports (FINA)

PDF documents on the FINA website:

Official website (IOC)

Water polo on the International Olympic Committee website:

Sports Reference

Water polo on the Sports Reference website:

Country Medal Leaders & Athlete Medal Leaders (1900–2016) (archived)
Men's water polo (1900–2016) (archived)
Women's water polo (2000–2016) (archived)
Water polo at the 1900 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1904 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1908 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1912 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1920 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1924 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1928 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1932 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1936 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1948 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1952 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1956 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1960 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1964 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1968 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1972 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1976 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1980 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1984 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1988 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1992 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 1996 Summer Games (men's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 2000 Summer Games (men's tournament, women's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 2004 Summer Games (men's tournament, women's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 2008 Summer Games (men's tournament, women's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 2012 Summer Games (men's tournament, women's tournament) (archived)
Water polo at the 2016 Summer Games (men's tournament, women's tournament) (archived)

Todor66

Water polo on the Todor66 website:

Water polo at the Summer Games
Water polo at the 1900 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1904 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1908 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1912 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1924 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1928 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1932 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1948 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1952 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1956 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1960 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1964 Summer Olympics (men's tournament)
Water polo at the 1968 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 1972 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 1976 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's European qualification)
Water polo at the 1980 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's European qualification, men's world qualification)
Water polo at the 1984 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 1992 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 1996 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification)
Water polo at the 2000 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)
Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)
Water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)
Water polo at the 2012 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)
Water polo at the 2016 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)
Water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics (men's tournament, men's qualification, women's tournament, women's qualification)

References

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"João Gonçalves". Olympedia.
"Božo Grkinić". Olympedia.
"Arthur Hunt". Olympedia.
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"Zdravko-Ćiro Kovačić". Olympedia.
"Evert Kroon". Olympedia.
"Dušan Matković". Olympedia.
"Les McKay". Olympedia.
"Igor Milanović". Olympedia.
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"Nadezhda Glyzina". Olympedia.
"Salvador Gómez". Olympedia.
"Giulia Gorlero". Olympedia.
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