Warrington bombings

First attack

On the night of 25 February 1993, three IRA members planted Semtex bombs at the gas holders on Winwick Road, Warrington. At 11:45pm that night, a police officer stopped the three men in a van on Sankey Street. As he was questioning them, the IRA members shot him three times and sped off in the van. About an hour later, they hijacked a car in Lymm, put the driver in the boot and drove off towards Manchester. The emergency services arrived and evacuated about 100 people from their homes. There was much disruption to transport that morning as police set up roadblocks and trains were diverted away from Warrington.

In 1994, MacFhloinn was sentenced to 35 years in prison and Kinsella to 25 years for their part in the bombing. John Kinsella (age 49) was sentenced to 20 years for possessing Semtex explosives that he had hidden for the IRA unit.

Second attack

Shortly before midday on Saturday, 20 March 1993, The Samaritans in Liverpool received a bomb warning by telephone. According to police, the caller said only that a bomb had been planted outside a Boots shop. Merseyside Police sent officers to branches of Boots in Liverpool and warned the Cheshire Constabulary, who patrolled nearby Warrington. two bombs exploded on Bridge Street in Warrington, about 100 yd apart. The blasts happened within a minute of each other. One exploded outside Boots and McDonald's, and one outside the Argos catalogue store. The area was crowded with shoppers. Witnesses said that shoppers fled from the first explosion into the path of the second. It was later found that the bombs had been placed inside cast-iron litter bins, causing large amounts of shrapnel. Buses were organised to ferry people away from the scene and 20 paramedics and crews from 17 ambulances were sent to deal with the aftermath.

Three-year-old Johnathan Ball died at the scene. He had been in town with his babysitter, shopping for a Mother's Day card.

The Provisional IRA issued a statement the day after the bombing, acknowledging its involvement but saying:Responsibility for the tragic and deeply regrettable death and injuries caused in Warrington yesterday lies squarely at the door of those in the British authorities who deliberately failed to act on precise and adequate warnings. A day later, an IRA spokesman said that "two precise warnings" had been given "in adequate time", one to the Samaritans and one to Merseyside Police. He added: "You don't provide warnings if it is your intention to kill". Cheshire's assistant chief constable denied there had been a second warning and said: Yes, a warning was given half-an-hour before, but no mention was made of Warrington. If the IRA think they can pass on their responsibility for this terrible act by issuing such a nonsensical statement, they have sadly underestimated the understanding of the British public.

A piece on BBC North West's Inside Out programme in September 2013 speculated that the bombing may have been the work of a "rogue" IRA unit, which was supported by the IRA but operated independently and who used operatives who were from England to avoid suspicion. The programme also examined a possible link between the attack and British leftist political group Red Action, though nothing was ever proven.

Aftermath

The deaths of two young children ensured that the 20 March bombings received major coverage in the media and caused widespread public anger.

On 1 April 1993, the Irish Government announced measures designed to make extradition easier from the Republic of Ireland to the United Kingdom.

On 19 September 1994, Irish rock band The Cranberries released the song "Zombie", which was written in protest at the bombings. The song went on to become their biggest hit.

On 14 November 1996, the Duchess of Kent officially inaugurated a memorial called The River of Life, depicting "a symbol of hope for future generations", in Bridge Street. It was developed in the aftermath of the bomb attack and commissioned by the Warrington Borough Council. The project, consisting of a symbolic water sculpture that features a commemorative plaque, was designed by local primary school pupils and Stephen Broadbent.

The parents of Tim Parry set up the Tim Parry Trust Fund to promote greater understanding between Great Britain and Ireland. The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace worked jointly with the NSPCC to develop The Peace Centre, close to Warrington town centre, which opened on the seventh anniversary of the attack in 2000. Its purpose is to promote peace and understanding amongst all communities affected by conflict and violence. The centre hosts an annual peace lecture, as well as being home to the local NSPCC and was the home of Warrington Youth Club until 2022.

The bombings received further attention in 2019 after the Brexit Party selected former Living Marxism writer Claire Fox as their lead candidate in the North West for the 2019 European Parliament election; the Revolutionary Communist Party, of which Fox was a leading member in 1993, defended the IRA's bombing in their party newsletter. Despite the controversy, which saw another Brexit Party candidate resign from the party list in protest at the comments, Fox and the Brexit Party topped the poll in several areas of the North West, including in Warrington.

The killing of Ball and Parry is still on Cheshire Police's list of unsolved murders.

Made for television film

The events around the second bombing, with the killing of two children, and the efforts of the parents of Tim Parry and "Peace '93" and McHugh, were dramatised in the 2018 television film, Mother's Day, starring Vicky McClure, Daniel Mays, and Anna Maxwell Martin.

References

References

1. . (20 March 1993). ["BBC {{!}} On This Day {{!}} 20 March 1993: Child killed in Warrington bomb attack"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/20/newsid_2544000/2544121.stm). *[[BBC]]*.
2. O'Day, Alan. ''Political Violence in Northern Ireland''. Greenwood Publishing, 1997. p.20
3. [https://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/10251680.The_gas_works_bombing___20_years_on/ "The gas works bombing – 20 years on"]. ''[[Warrington Guardian]]'', 26 February 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
4. At about 1{{nbspam, police spotted the car and chased it along the [[M62 motorway]] in the direction of Warrington. Shots were fired during the high-speed chase and two police vehicles were hit. Police stopped the car on the motorway near [[Croft, Cheshire. 1000. ft
5. (22 March 2021). "Report on compensation for Gaddafi-backed IRA attack victims to be focus of Committee session".
6. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE3D71E3FF935A15750C0A965958260 "Rage at I.R.A. Grows in England As Second Boy Dies From a Bomb"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', 26 March 1993. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
7. (21 March 1993). "Boy of four dies as IRA bombers attack shoppers". [[The Independent]].
8. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ira-insists-warrington-bomb-alerts-were-given-terrorists-fear-loss-of-support-1499306.html "IRA insists Warrington bomb alerts were given"]. ''[[The Independent]]'', 23 March 1993. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
9. About 30 minutes later, at about 12:25,[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/may-god-forgive-them-because-we-cant-the-aftermath-of-the-warrington-bombs-malcolm-pithers-ian-mackinnon-and-david-mckittrick-report-1499168.html "May God forgive them, because we can't"]. ''[[The Independent]]'', 22 March 1993. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
10. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=o9hHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DQANAAAAIBAJ&pg=4771,3402546&dq=child-4-dies-in-british-bombing&hl=en "Child, 4, dies in British bombing"]. ''[[Record-Journal]]'' (from the ''[[Associated Press]]''). 21 March 1993. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
11. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vddRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Sm4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=outrage-over-death-of-boy-in-bombing-a-setback-for-the-ira&pg=1274%2C3137293 "Outrage over death of boy in bombing a setback for the IRA"]. ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]''. 23 March 1993. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
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13. English, Richard. ''Armed Struggle: The history of the IRA''. Pan MacMillan, 2004. p.279
14. [https://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/10643960.Documentary_to_ask_who_was_behind_Bridge_Street_bombing/ "Documentary to ask who was behind Bridge Street bombing"]. Warrington Guardian.
15. . (1 September 2013). ["Warrington bombing linked to Red Action group"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-23632246). *[[BBC News]]*.
16. Greenslade, Roy. (4 August 1998). "The Damien Walsh Memorial Lecture". [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN).
17. "Organisations". [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN).
18. McKittrick, David. (1999). "Lost Lives". [[Mainstream Publishing]].
19. Peter Buckley, Jonathan Buckley. (2003). "The Rough Guide to Rock". Rough Guides.
20. Hayes, Janice. (2019). "Warrington: From New Town to New City?: 1969–2019 – A 50th Anniversary Portrait". [[Amberley Publishing]].
21. . (n.d.). ["River of Life"](https://broadbent.studio/river-of-life-warrington).
22. . (18 September 2013). ["Martin McGuinness: Ex-IRA leader 'understands' Warrington protest"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-24132708). *BBC News*.
23. "Our History". The Peace Centre.
24. Chakelian, Anoosh. (14 May 2019). "One row in the north west sums up these European elections". [[New Statesman]].
25. Hossein-Pour, Anahita. (2 May 2019). "Brexit Party candidate quits over colleague Claire Fox's 'ambiguous position' on IRA bombing". [[Dod's Parliamentary Communications.
26. . (27 May 2019). ["As it happened: Brexit Party storms to victory in Warrington"](https://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/news/17665969.as-it-happened-brexit-party-storms-to-victory-in-warrington/). *Warrington Guardian*.
27. "Historical and unsolved murders". [[Cheshire Constabulary.
28. . (23 July 2013). ["Cheshire police working on 18 unsolved murders"](https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/cheshire-police-working-18-unsolved-5216870). *Cheshire Live*.
29. Mapstone, Lucy. (25 July 2018). "Vicky McClure unrecognisable in first-look pictures from drama Mother's Day". [[The Irish Independent]].