Walker Creek (Marin County, California)

History

Walker Creek is named for an early landowner in the area, Lewis W. Walker.

Chileno Creek is named for Chilean immigrants who settled the Chileno Valley, with encouragement from Adrian Godoy.

Keys Creek is named for Irish settler John Keyes, who settled on the creek in 1849 and used this once-important waterway to transport agricultural produce to San Francisco.

Watershed and course

The Walker Creek watershed drains 76 sqmi and ranges from 1500 ft to sea level where the creek empties into Tomales Bay just south of its mouth. The Walker Creek mainstem is formed by the confluence of Arroyo Sausal and Salmon Creek.

Arroyo Sausal heads at about 789 ft and flows northwest, crossing Point Reyes-Petaluma Road into Hicks Valley then west to Soulajule Reservoir. This reservoir was constructed in 1979 in Arroyo Sausal and is managed by the Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD).

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe eating advisory for any fish caught in Soulajule Reservoir due to elevated levels of mercury and PCBs.

From here Arroyo Sausal joins Walker Creek at elevation 236 ft at Marshall-Petaluma Road.

Salmon Creek heads at 800 ft and flows west 4.5 mi along Hicks Valley Road then Marshall-Petaluma Road to meet Arroyo Sausal and form Walker Creek. Salmon Creek was described historically as a salmon and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spawning and nursery area, although it has been seriously damaged by poor farming practices, dairy pollution and soil erosion.

From the confluence of Arroyo Sausal and Salmon Creek, Walker Creek descends to the northwest, paralleling Marshall-Petaluma Road as it curves westward. At the mouth of Verde Canyon, the creek crosses under the road and turns northwest, passing the mouth of Frink Canyon to a confluence with Chileno Creek. At the top of the Chileno Valley, a 220 acre natural lake, Laguna Lake, which straddles the Sonoma County - Marin County border and is the source of Chileno Creek, which flows 6.25 mi west along Bolinas Ridge to Walker Creek.

From the Chileno Creek confluence, Walker Creek meanders westward, passing south of the town of Tomales, California. It crosses under Highway 1 at milepost 44.45 and is immediately joined by Keys Creek, entering from the north.

Keys Creek heads at 290 ft and flows 3.5 mi west through the town of Tomales below which it joins Walker Creek.

Below Keys Creek, Walker Creek continues southward along the Highway 1 to enter Tomales Bay just east of Preston Point.

Ecology

In the early 1900s, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were abundant in Walker Creek, but were nearly extirpated apparently due to severe erosion and siltation secondary to potato farming, overgrazing and logging operations. In 1975 D. W. Kelley performed a comprehensive investigation of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon populations. He found small numbers of steelhead young-of-the-year in all viable habitat areas in the watershed, but only eight coho near the confluence of Chileno and Walker Creek. In addition, the Soulajule Reservoir dam blocked all anadromous salmonid fish migration to Arroyo Sausal. California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) began planting coho salmon from Olema Creek into Walker Creek in 2003 with modest success. In 2008 and again in 2013 coho returned to Walker Creek, Salmon Creek and Frink Canyon. Fishing for steelhead is open only below Highway 1.

Portions of Keyes Creek immediately downstream of the present Highway One bridge were once navigable and used to ship locally-grown potatoes by barge to San Francisco. The current small size of the channel at this location, more suitable for a canoe than a barge, is dramatic evidence of siltation due to erosive agricultural practices(potato farming) in the Walker Creek watershed over the past 150 years.

Mercury was mined at several sites in the Walker Creek watershed through the 1960s and early 1970s including the Gambonini, Chileno Valley, Franciscan and Cycle mines. Soulajule Reservoir, built after a severe drought in 1976–1977 inundated the Franciscan and Cycle mines and a tailings pile. The largest mine, at the Gambonini Ranch near the confluence of Salmon Creek and mainstem Walker Creek, closed in 1970.

References

References

1. {{gnis. 255208. Walker Creek
2. David L. Durham. (2001). "Durham's Place Names of the San Francisco Bay Area: Includes Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Contra Costa, Alameda, Solano & Santa Clara Counties". Word Dancer Press.
3. Jack Mason. (1976). "Early Marin, 2nd Edition". North Shore Books.
4. Erwin G. Gudde. (1998). "1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning". University of California Press.
5. {{gnis. 254577. Arroyo Sausal
6. "Notice of Meeting Board of Directors - September 25, 2018". Marin Municipal Water District.
7. "About Our Water System {{!}} Marin Water".
8. Admin, OEHHA. (2009-03-18). "Soulajule Reservoir".
9. {{gnis. 232280. Salmon Creek
10. J. T. Allen. "Salmon Creek Survey". California Department of Fish and Game.
11. {{cite gnis. 254740. Chileno Creek
12. Lauren Hammack. (August 10, 2005). "Geomorphology of the Walker Creek Watershed: Projects for Habitat Enhancement and Sediment Management".
13. D. W. Kelley. (April 1, 1976). "The Possibility oRestoring Salmon and Steelhead Runs in Walker Creek, Marin County". Marin Municipal Water District.
14. Marin Municipal Water District. (March 2010). "Walker Creek Salmon Monitoring Program Final Compilation Report". California Department of Fish and Game.
15. Mark Prado. (October 22, 2013). "Young, endangered coho salmon seen in Walker Creek for the first time in five years". Marin Independent Journal.
16. Mark Prado. (May 28, 2006). "Tainted Reservoir: Fish contaminated with mercury in Marin's Soulajule". Marin Independent Journal.
17. "Tomales Bay Watershed". Marin County Department of Public Works.