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Waldeyer's tonsillar ring

Ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx

Summary

Ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx

Field	Value
Name	Waldeyer's ring
Latin	anulus lymphoideus pharyngis
Image	Lymph_node_regions.svg
Caption	Regional lymphatics; Waldeyer's ring labeled at the center top.

Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (also known as the pharyngeal lymphoid ring, Waldeyer's lymphatic ring, Waldeyers or Waldeyer ring, or tonsillar ring) is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid organs in the pharynx. Waldeyer's ring surrounds the naso- and oropharynx, with some of its tonsillar tissue located above and some below the soft palate (and to the back of the mouth cavity).

Structure

The ring consists of the following (from top to bottom):

1 pharyngeal tonsil (or "adenoid"), located on the roof of the nasopharynx, under the sphenoid bone.
2 tubal tonsils on each side, where each auditory tube opens into the nasopharynx
2 palatine tonsils (commonly called "the tonsils") located in the oropharynx
lingual tonsils, a collection of lymphatic tissue located on the back part of the tongue

Terminology

Some authors speak of two pharyngeal tonsils/two adenoids. These authors look at the left and right halves of the pharyngeal tonsil as two tonsils. Many authors also speak of lingual tonsils (in the plural), because this accumulation of lymphoid tissue consists of several little prominences – many smaller rounded masses. Whether to collectively call all these a single tonsil or separate tonsils is to an extent an arbitrary decision.

Variation

There also normally is a good amount of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) present between all these tonsils (intertonsillar) around the ring, and more of this lymphoid tissue can variably be found more or less throughout at least the naso- and oropharynx.

Development

The tubal tonsils usually develop from an accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal tonsil.

Clinical significance

The palatine tonsils, when inflamed/swollen, are more common in children and can obstruct respiration.

Inflammation of the tonsils is called tonsillitis and removal is called tonsillectomy.

Etymology of Waldeyer's ring

Waldeyer's ring was named after the nineteenth-century German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz.

Other animals

Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils:

Soft palate tonsil
Paraepiglottic tonsil

References

"Tonsillitis - Symptoms and causes".
{{WhoNamedIt. synd. 2061

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

lymphatics-of-the-head-and-neck tonsil lymphoid-organ pharynx

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