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Vostok (rocket family)

Series of six manned and unmanned Soviet orbiting spacecraft

Field	Value
image	Semyorka Rocket R7 by Sergei Korolyov in VDNH Ostankino RAF0540.jpg
caption	Vostok 8K72K rocket on display in Moscow at the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy
name	Vostok
function	Small-lift launch vehicle
manufacturer	OKB-1 / RKTs Progress
country-origin	Soviet Union
stages	3
capacities	{{Infobox Rocket/Payload
location	LEO
kilos	4725 kg
mass	280,000-290,000 kg
family	R-7
comparable	Atlas
Titan
status	Retired
sites	Baikonur: LC-1/5, 31/6
Plesetsk: LC-41/1, 43/3, 43/4
launches	Vostok-L: 4
Vostok-K: 13
Vostok-2: 45
Vostok-2M: 94
Soyuz/Vostok: 2
success	Vostok-L: 3
Vostok-K: 11
Vostok-2: 40
Vostok-2M: 92
Soyuz/Vostok: 2
fail	Vostok-L: 1
Vostok-K: 2
Vostok-2: 5
Vostok-2M: 2
first	15 May 1960 (Vostok-L)
last	29 August 1991 (Vostok-2M)
payloads	Vostok
Zenit
Meteor
type	booster
diff	First stage
name	Block B, V, G & D
number	4
engines	1×RD-107-8D74-1959
thrust	970.86 kN
total	{{#expr:970.86*4}} kN
SI	256 isp
burntime	118 seconds
fuel	LOX/Kerosene
stageno	Second
type	stage
diff	core
name	Block A
engines	1×RD-108-8D75-1959
thrust	912 kN
SI	248 isp
burntime	301 seconds
fuel	LOX/Kerosene
stageno	Third
type	stage
name	Block E
engines	1×RD-0109
thrust	54.5 kN
SI	326 isp
burntime	365 seconds
fuel	LOX/Kerosene

|country-origin = Soviet Union Titan Plesetsk: LC-41/1, 43/3, 43/4 Vostok-K: 13 Vostok-2: 45 Vostok-2M: 94 Soyuz/Vostok: 2 Vostok-K: 11 Vostok-2: 40 Vostok-2M: 92 Soyuz/Vostok: 2 Vostok-K: 2 Vostok-2: 5 Vostok-2M: 2 Zenit Meteor Vostok () was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) and the first crewed spacecraft (Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.

On March 18, 1980, a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at Plesetsk during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similarbut avoidedaccident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H2O2, thus causing the resultant explosion.

Variants

The major versions of the rocket were:

Luna 8K72 – used to launch the early Luna spacecraft
Vostok-L 8K72 – Variant of the Luna, used to launch prototype Vostok spacecraft
Vostok-K 8K72K – a refined version of the above. This was the version actually used for human spaceflight
Vostok-2 8A92 – used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s
Vostok-2M 8A92M – modified version for launching Meteor weather satellites into higher orbits.
Soyuz/Vostok 11A110 – hybrid of Soyuz and Vostok rockets used as an interim for two launches

Vostok 8K72K

Source:

First Stage — Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
- Gross mass: 43,300 kg
- Empty mass: 3,710 kg
- Thrust (vac): 4 x 99,000 kgf (971 kN) = 3.88 MN
- Isp: 313 isp
- Burn time: 118 s
- Isp(sl): 256 isp
- Diameter: 2.68 m
- Span: 8.35 m
- Length: 19.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74-1959 per booster = 4
Second Stage — Block A (core stage)
- Gross mass: 100,400 kg
- Empty mass: 6,800 kg
- Thrust (vac): 912 kN
- Isp: 315 isp
- Burn time: 301 s
- Isp(sl): 248 isp
- Diameter: 2.99 m
- Length: 28.00 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75-1959
Third Stage — Block E
- Gross mass: 7,775 kg
- Empty mass: 1,440 kg
- Thrust (vac): 54.5 kN
- Isp: 326 isp
- Burn time: 365 s
- Diameter: 2.56 m
- Span: 2.56 m
- Length: 2.84 m
- Propellants: Lox/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-0109

Gallery

File:Vostok rocket drawing.png|Vostok rocket File:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3732 stamp (Vostok on Launching Pad).jpg|Vostok rocket File:030523-Moscow-IMG 9595-2.jpg|Vostok Rocket, VDNKh, Moscow, Russia File:030523-Moscow-IMG 9586-2.jpg|Vostok Rocket, VDNKh, Moscow, Russia

Notes

References

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1958-in-spaceflight 1991-in-spaceflight vostok-programme space-launch-vehicles-of-the-soviet-union r-7-(rocket-family) vehicles-introduced-in-1960

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