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Voiceless retroflex plosive

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʈ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʈ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ʈ
ipa number	105
decimal1	648
x-sampa	t`
braille	256
braille2	2345
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x0288.svg

|x-sampa=t`

A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.

Transcription

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is . Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but is distinguished from by extending the hook below the baseline.

Features

Features of a voiceless retroflex stop:

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Translation	Notes
Bengali	টাকা		'taka'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Brahui	سىٹ		'one'
English	Indian dialects	time		'time'
General American	art		'art'	Allophone of after
Gujarati	બટાકા		'potato'	Subapical; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology
Hindustani	Hindi	टोपी		'hat'
Urdu	{{nq	ٹوپی}}
Hmong	/ raus		'immerse in liquid'	Contrasts with aspirated form (written ).
Iwaidja	yirrwartbart		'taipan'
Javanese	bathang		'cadaver'
Kannada	ತಟ್ಟು		'to tap'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Lo-Toga	dege		'we (incl.)'	Laminal retroflex.
Malayalam	പൂട്ട് / پُوڊّْ / ml		'wild'	Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
Marathi	बटाटा		'potato'	Subapical; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Mutsun	TiTkuSte		'torn'
Nepali	टोली		'team'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian	kort		'card'	See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu	rdagowa		'prawn'
Odia	ଟଗର / or		'crepe jasmine'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
Pashto	ټول		'all'
Punjabi	Gurmukhi	ਟੋਪੀ		'hat'
Shahmukhi	ٹـوپی
Scottish Gaelic	Some Hebridean dialects	àrd		'high'
Sicilian	latru		'thief'
Swedish	karta		'map'	See Swedish phonology
Sylheti	ꠐꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠤ	[ʈulli]	'skull'	contains tonal pronunciation. See Sylheti phonology
Tamil	எட்டு / يࣣڊُّ / ta		'eight'	Subapical. See Tamil phonology
Telugu	కొట్టు		'to hit or beat'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Torwali	ٹـىىےل		'words'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Urdu	ساٹھ		'sixty'
Vietnamese	Southern dialects	bạn trả		'you pay'
Welayta		'dew'

Notes

References

{{citation |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Henning
{{citation |doi-access=free
{{Citation | author-link = | editor1-last = Pawley | editor1-first = Andrew | editor2-last = Adelaar | editor2-first = Alexander | contribution-url= https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2009_Aorist-pronouns_Festschrift-Blust.pdf
{{citation | editor1-last = Pozdniakov | editor1-first = Konstantin | contribution-url= https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2016_History-personal-pronouns_north-Vanuatu_published.pdf
{{citation |doi-access=free
{{citation |author-link=Peter Ladefoged
{{citation
{{citation |orig-year=First published 1920 |url-access=registration
{{citation
{{citation |orig-year=First published 1966

References

{{Harvcoltxt. Mazumdar. 2000
{{Harvcoltxt. Khatiwada. 2009
{{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. 2005
{{Harvcoltxt. Tiwari. 2004
[[#aorist. François (2009:]]189); [[#pronouns. François (2016:]]35).
{{Harvcoltxt. Ladefoged. 2005
Bauer, Michael. ''Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation.'' Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.
{{Harvcoltxt. Eliasson. 1986
Wright, Tony. (2002). "Language in Language Teacher Education". John Benjamins Publishing Company.
{{Harvcoltxt. Keane. 2004
{{Harvcoltxt. Lunsford. 2001
"ٹیگیل". Center for Language Engineering.
{{Harvcoltxt. Thompson. 1959

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

retroflex-consonants voiceless-stops pulmonic-consonants voiceless-oral-consonants

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