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Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɕ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɕ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ɕ
ipa number	182
decimal1	597
x-sampa	s\
braille	236
braille2	c
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x0255.svg

|x-sampa=s\

A voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ("c", plus the curl also found in its voiced counterpart ). Some Americanists may distinguish as an affricate, typically transcribed in IPA with , and instead use the symbol to represent the fricative that is referenced on this page. There is also a superscript / . It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiceless palatal fricative.

Features

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Features of a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative:

In English

In British Received Pronunciation, after syllable-initial (as in Tuesday) is realized as a devoiced palatal fricative. The amount of devoicing is variable, but the fully voiceless variant tends to be alveolo-palatal in the sequence: . It is a fricative, rather than a fricative element of an affricate because the preceding plosive remains alveolar, rather than becoming alveolo-palatal, as in Dutch.

The corresponding affricate can be written with or in narrow IPA, though is normally used in both cases. In the case of English, the sequence can be specified as as is normally apical (although somewhat palatalized in that sequence), whereas alveolo-palatal consonants are laminal by definition.

An increasing number of British speakers merge this sequence with the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate : (see yod-coalescence), mirroring Cockney, Australian English and New Zealand English. On the other hand, there is an opposite tendency in Canadian accents that have preserved , where the sequence tends to merge with the plain instead: (see yod-dropping), mirroring General American which does not allow to follow alveolar consonants in stressed syllables.

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe	щы / śy / ش‍ہ‍		'three'
Assamese	ব্ৰিটিছ / British		'British'
Asturian	xarda		'mackerel'	May be realised as [ʃj], [ɕj], [ɕ] or [ʃ], depending on context and speaker.
Burmese	ရှ / hyạ		'to abrade; to cut superficially'	See Burmese phonology.
Catalan	reixa		'grille'	See Catalan phonology.
Chinese		Some Hokkien dialects	心 / sim		'heart'
Mandarin	西安 / Xī'ān		'Xi'an'	Complementary distribution allophone of in front of high front vowels and palatal glides. See Mandarin phonology.
Chuvash	çиçĕм / cicĕm		'lightning'	Contrasts with and . Lenis when intervocalic.
Damin	j2iwu		'small'	Varies with a doubled Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive [t̠ʲ\t̠ʲ]
Danish	sjæl		'soul'	See Danish phonology.
Dutch	Some speakers	sjabloon		'template'
English	Cardiff	human		'human'
Conservative Received Pronunciation	tuesday		'Tuesday'	Allophone of after syllable-initial (which is alveolar in this sequence), may be only partially devoiced. is often realized as an affricate in British English. Mute in General American: . Typically transcribed with in broad IPA. See English phonology, yod-coalescence and yod-dropping.
Some Canadian English
Ghanaian	ship		'ship'	Educated speakers may use , to which this phone corresponds in other dialects.
Some speakers	sure	[ɕɔː]	'sure'
Guarani	Paraguayan	che		'I'
Japanese	塩 / shio		'salt'	See Japanese phonology.
Kabardian	щэ / śə / صە		'hundred'
Karen	Eastern Pwo	ယှး		'star'
Western Pwo	ၡၪ		'star'
Kazakh	шіркін / şırkın / شىركىن		'wretch'	Often transcribed as . See Kazakh phonology.
Korean	South	시 / si		'poem'
Kyrgyz	шайтан / shaitan / شايتان		'Satan'	Often transcribed as . See Kyrgyz phonology.
Lower Sorbian	pśijaśel		'friend'
Luxembourgish	liicht		'light'	Allophone of after phonologically front vowels; some speakers merge it with . See Luxembourgish phonology.
Marathi	शेतकरी / śetakrī		'farmer'	Contrasts with . Allophone of . See Marathi phonology.
Malayalam	കുരിശ് / kuriśŭ		'Cross'	See Malayalam phonology.
Norwegian	Urban East	kjekk		'handsome'
Polish	śruba		'screw'	Contrasts with and . See Polish phonology.
Romani	Kalderash	ćhavo		'Romani boy; son'
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects	ce		'what'
Russian	счастье / sčastje		'happiness'	Also represented by . Contrasts with , , and . See Russian phonology.
Sema	ashi		'meat'	Possible allophone of before .
Serbo-Croatian	Croatian	miš će		'the mouse will'
Some speakers of Montenegrin	с́утра / śutra		'tomorrow'	Phonemically or, in some cases, .
Swedish	Finland	sjok		'chunk'
Sweden	kjol		'skirt'	See Swedish phonology.
Tibetan	Lhasa dialect	བཞི་ / bzhi		'four'
Tatar	өчпочмак / öçpoçmaq / ئۇچپۇچماق		'triangle'
Uzbek	yoʻldosh / йўлдош‍ / یۉلداش		'satellite'	Typically transcribed as . See Uzbek phonology.
Xumi	Lower		'one hundred'
Upper
Yámana (Yahgan)	šúša		'penguin'
Yi	ꑟ / xi		'thread'
Zhuang	cib		'ten'

References

Sources

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{{cite book |editor-last1=Hardcastle |editor-first1=William J. |editor-last2=Laver |editor-first2=John |editor-last3=Gibbon |editor-first3=Fiona E.
{{cite journal |doi-access = free
{{cite book |editor1-last=Schneider |editor1-first=Edgar W. |editor2-last=Burridge |editor2-first=Kate |editor3-last=Kortmann |editor3-first=Bernd |editor4-last=Mesthrie |editor4-first=Rajend |editor5-last=Upton |editor5-first=Clive
{{cite journal
{{cite book
{{cite book
{{cite book |chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2
{{cite book
{{cite journal |archive-date=2020-11-22 |access-date=2013-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122112513/http://pagines.uab.cat/danielrecasens/sites/pagines.uab.cat.danielrecasens/files/affricates.pdf |url-status=dead
{{cite book
{{cite journal
{{cite journal |doi-access = free

References

[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21041-add-para-ipa-ltr.pdf L2/21-041: Unicode request for additional para-IPA letters]
{{Harvcoltxt. Collins. Mees. 2003. /j/ after {{IPA. /t/ as more front than the main allophone of {{IPA. /j/.
Chambers, J.K.. (1998). "Changes in progress in Canadian English: Yod-dropping". [[University of Toronto.
{{Harvcoltxt. Recasens. Espinosa. 2007
{{Harvcoltxt. Huber. 2004
{{Harvcoltxt. Okada. 1999
{{Harvcoltxt. Jassem. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Boretzky. Igla. 1994
{{Harvcoltxt. Teo. 2012
{{Harvcoltxt. Landau. Lončarić. Horga. Škarić. 1999
{{Harvcoltxt. Sjoberg. 1963

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

fricative-consonants alveolo-palatal-consonants pulmonic-consonants co-articulated-consonants voiceless-oral-consonants median-consonants

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