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Voiced retroflex approximant

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɻ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɻ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ɻ
ipa number	152
decimal	635
xsampa	r\`
braille	256
braille2	number
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x027B.svg

A voiced retroflex approximant is a type of consonant used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a turned lowercase letter r with a rightward hook protruding from the lower right of the letter.

The velar bunched approximant found in some varieties of Dutch and American English are identical to a retroflex approximant in sound but has a somewhat different articulation.

Features

A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced retroflex approximant [ɻ]

Features of the voiced retroflex approximant:

Occurrence

Family	Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Sinitic	Chinese	Mandarin	肉 ròu	[ɻ̺oʊ̯˥˩]	'meat'
Nungish	Derung	Tvrung	[tə˧˩ɻuŋ˥˧]	'Derung'
Germanic	English	Some American dialects	red		'red'
Some Hiberno-English dialects
Some West Country English
Arnhem	Enindhilyagwa	angwura		'fire'
Germanic	Faroese	hoyrdi		'heard'	Allophone of . Sometimes voiceless . See Faroese phonology
Hellenic	Greek	Cretan (Sfakia and Mylopotamos variations) region	γάλα el		'milk'
Eskimo-Aleut	Inuktitut	Nattilingmiutut	kiuřuq		'she replies'
Dravidian	Malayalam	ആഴം/āḻam		'depth'	Represented by the letter ⟨ഴ⟩. Subapical retroflex.
Mapudungun	Mapuche	rayen		'flower'	Possible realization of ; may be or instead.
Romance	Portuguese	Many Centro-Sul registers	cartas		'letters'
Caipira	temporal		'rainstorm'
Conservative Piracicabano	grato		'thankful' (m.)
Dravidian	Tamil	தமிழ்/Tamiḻ		'Tamil'	See Tamil phonology. May be merged with for some modern speakers.
Pama-Nyungan	Western Desert	Pitjantjatjara dialect	Uluṟu		'Uluru'
Isolate	Yaghan	wárho		'cave'

Notes

References

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References

(1999). "An articulatory and acoustical analysis of the syllable-initial sibilants and approximant in Beijing Mandarin".
(15 December 2007). "Nas trilhas do -R retroflexo". Signum: Estudos da Linguagem.
(2005). "Características fonético-acústicas do /r/ retroflexo do portugues brasileiro : dados de informantes de Pato Branco (PR)".
{{in lang. pt [http://cedae.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/sinteses/article/download/1198/1766 Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analysis]. {{Webarchive. link. (2013-09-26 Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF))
{{in lang. pt Callou, Dinah. Leite, Yonne. "Iniciação à Fonética e à Fonologia". Jorge Zahar Editora 2001, p. 24

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

retroflex-consonants pulmonic-consonants oral-consonants median-consonants

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