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Voiced palatal fricative

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʝ⟩ in IPA

Summary

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʝ⟩ in IPA

Field	Value
ipa symbol	ʝ
ipa number	139
decimal	669
x-sampa	j\
braille	hh
braille2	j
imagefile	IPA Unicode 0x029D.svg

|x-sampa=j\

A voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that represents this sound is (crossed-tail j). It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.

In broad transcription, the symbol for the palatal approximant, , may be used for the sake of simplicity.

A voiced palatal fricative is an uncommon sound, occurring in only 7 of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database. In Dutch, Kabyle, Margi, Modern Greek, and Scottish Gaelic, the sound occurs phonemically, along with its voiceless counterpart, and in several more, the sound occurs as a result of phonological processes.

To produce this sound, the tip of the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth behind the upper front teeth; then, while exhaling, the space between the tongue and the palate is narrowed, creating a friction-like sound similar to the sound (IPA: ) in the English word measure.

Features

Features of a voiced palatal fricative:

Occurrence

Palatal

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Asturian	frayar		'to destroy'
Burmese		Allophone of , particularly word initially.
Catalan	Majorcan	figuera		'fig tree'
Danish	Basbøll	2005	p=212}}	talg		'tallow'
Dutch	Collins	Mees	2003	p=198}}	ja		'yes'
German	Standard	Jacke		'jacket'
Greek	Standard	γεια		'hi'
Cypriot	ελιά		'olive'	Allophone of
Hungarian	dobj be		'throw in'	An allophone of . See Hungarian phonology
Irish	an ghrian		'the sun'	See Irish phonology
Italian	Southern dialects	figlio		'son'
Kabyle	cceǥ		'to slip'
Korean	사향노루 / sahyangnoru		'Siberian musk deer'	The sound is sometimes heard by people when /h/ is between voiced and combined with /i/, /t/ and /j/, See Korean phonology
Lithuanian	ji		'she'	Most often transcribed in IPA with ; also described as an approximant . See Lithuanian phonology
Margi		Contrasts /ɟ, ᶮɟ, ç, ʝ, j, j̰, ɣ/.
Mapudungun	kayu		'six'	This phoneme corresponds to the letter Y in Mapudungün. See Mapuche language
Norwegian	Urban East	gi		'to give'
Pashto	Ghilji dialect	موږ		'we'
Wardak dialect
Ripuarian	zeije		'to show'
Russian	яма		'pit'	Allophone of in emphatic speech. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic	dhiubh		'of them'	Weak fricative; merges with in some dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Spanish	sayo		'smock'	May also be represented by in many dialects. See Spanish phonology and Yeísmo
Swedish	jord		'soil'	Allophone of . See Swedish phonology
Vietnamese	Middle Vietnamese	Gió [𩙋]	(Tonkinese dialect)	'wind'

Post-palatal

There is also a voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced palatal fricative but not as back as the prototypical voiced velar fricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, but it can be transcribed as , (a retracted ), or (an advanced ).

Especially in broad transcription, a voiced post-palatal fricative may be transcribed as a palatalized voiced velar fricative, .

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian	геаграфія		'geography'	Typically transcribed in IPA with . See Belarusian phonology
Dutch	Standard Belgian	negen		'nine'
Southern accents
German	Standard	Riese		'giant'
Greek	Standard Modern	γένος		'grammatical gender'
Limburgish	Heijmans	Gussenhoven	1998	p=108}}	gèr	'gladly'
Lithuanian	Hiustonas		'Houston'	Very rare; typically transcribed in IPA with . See Lithuanian phonology
Russian	Standard	других гимнов		'of other anthems'
Southern	гимн		'anthem'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ; corresponds to in standard Russian. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic	seadh		'yes, indeed'	Allophone of after

Variable

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Mapudungun				Allophone of before the front vowels .

Notes

References

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{{Citation |chapter-url = https://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/ArvanitiCY.pdf |access-date = 2015-04-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160123141552/https://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/ArvanitiCY.pdf |archive-date = 2016-01-23 |url-status = dead
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References

{{Harvcoltxt. Wheeler. 2005
{{Harvcoltxt. Basbøll. 2005
{{Harvcoltxt. Collins. Mees. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Mangold. 2005
{{Harvcoltxt. Krech et al.. 2009
{{Harvcoltxt. Kohler. 1999
{{Harvcoltxt. Moosmüller. Schmid. Brandstätter. 2015
{{Harvcoltxt. Hall. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Arvaniti. 2010
{{Harvcoltxt. Gósy. 2004
{{Harvcoltxt. Ó Sé. 2000
{{Harvcoltxt. Augustaitis. 1964
{{Harvcoltxt. Ambrazas et al.. 1997
{{Harvcoltxt. Mathiassen. 1996
{{SOWL. 165
{{Harvcoltxt. Sadowsky et al.. 2013
{{Harvcoltxt. Strandskogen. 1979
{{Harvcoltxt. Vanvik. 1979
{{Harvcoltxt. Henderson. 1983
{{Harvcoltxt. Yanushevskaya. Bunčić. 2015
{{Harvcoltxt. Oftedal. 1956
{{Harvcoltxt. Martínez-Celdrán. Fernández-Planas. Carrera-Sabaté. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Engstrand. 1999
See [[Vietnamese alphabet#Consonants]] ⟨gi⟩
{{Harvcoltxt. Collins. Mees. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Velde. Gerritsen. Hout. 1996
{{Harvcoltxt. Krech et al.. 2009
{{Harvcoltxt. Nicolaidis. 2003
{{Harvcoltxt. Arvaniti. 2007
{{Harvcoltxt. Heijmans. Gussenhoven. 1998
{{Harvcoltxt. Ambrazas et al.. 1997
{{Harvcoltxt. Ambrazas et al.. 1997
{{Harvcoltxt. Oftedal. 1956
{{Harvcoltxt. Sadowsky et al.. 2013

Wikipedia Source

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fricative-consonants median-consonants voiced-oral-consonants palatal-consonants pulmonic-consonants

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