From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
Voiced alveolar affricate
Consonantal sound
Summary
Consonantal sound
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| above | Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate |
| ipa number | 104 133 |
| ipa symbol | dz |
| ipa symbol2 | ʣ |
| decimal1 | 675 |
| x-sampa | dz |
| imagefile | IPA Unicode 0x02A3.svg |
|x-sampa=dz
A voiced alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. There are several types of median affricates with significant perceptual differences:
- A voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is the most common type, similar to the ds in English lads.
- A voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate – or , using the alveolar diacritic from the Extended IPA, – is found, for example, in some dialects of English and Italian.
- A voiced retracted alveolar sibilant affricate or .
Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate
A voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with or . The tie bar may be omitted, yielding . There is also a ligature , which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.
Features
Features of a voiced alveolar sibilant affricate:
- The stop component of this affricate is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge. For simplicity, this affricate is usually called after the sibilant fricative component.
- There are at least three specific variants of the fricative component:
- Dentalized laminal alveolar (commonly called "dental"), which means it is articulated with the tongue blade very close to the upper front teeth, with the tongue tip resting behind lower front teeth. The hissing effect in this variety of is very strong.
- Non-retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Acoustically, it is close to or laminal .
Occurrence
The following sections are named after the fricative component.
Dentalized laminal alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | Eastern | ձուկ/dzuk | 'fish' | |
| Belarusian | пэндзаль/pendzal | 'paintbrush' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology | |
| Czech | Afgánec byl | 'an Afghan was' | Allophone of before voiced consonants. See Czech phonology | |
| Hungarian | bodza | 'elderberry' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Japanese | 残念/zan'nen | [d͡zã̠nːẽ̞ɴ] | 'regretful' | See Japanese phonology |
| Kashubian | dze | 'where' | ||
| Latvian | drudzis | 'fever' | See Latvian phonology | |
| Macedonian | ѕвезда/dzvezda | 'star' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Montenegrin | dzindzula | 'jujube' | See Montenegrin phonology | |
| Pashto | ځوان | 'youth' 'young' | See Pashto phonology | |
| Polish | dzwon | 'bell' | See Polish phonology | |
| Russian | плацдарм/placdarm | 'bridgehead' | Allophone of before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | otac bi | 'father would' | Allophone of before voiced consonants. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Slovak | medzi | [med͡zi] | 'between' | See Slovak phonology |
| Slovene | brivec brije | 'barber shaves' | Allophone of before voiced consonants in native words. As a phoneme present only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology | |
| Tyap | zat | 'buffalo' | ||
| Ukrainian | дзвін uk | 'bell' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Upper Sorbian | Allophone of before voiced consonants. |
Non-retracted alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Najdi | قـليب/dzilīb | 'well' | |
| English | Broad Cockney | *day* | 'day' | |
| Received Pronunciation | ||||
| New York | Possible syllable-initial and sometimes also utterance-final allophone of . See English phonology | |||
| Scouse | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of . See English phonology | |||
| French | Quebec | *du* | 'of the' | |
| Georgian | ძვალი/dzvali | 'bone' | ||
| Hebrew | Some speakers | מצוה/mitzvah | 'commandment' | |
| Luxembourgish | spadséieren | 'to go for a walk' | Marginal phoneme that occurs only in a few words. See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Marathi | जोर/dzor | 'force' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by ज, which also represents [d͡ʒ]. The aspirated sound is represented by झ, which also represents [d͡ʒʱ]. There is no marked difference for either one. | |
| Ollari | jōnel | 'maize' | ||
| Nepali | आज/ādza | 'today' | Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated versions. The unaspirated is represented by /ज/. The aspirated sound is represented by /झ/. See Nepali phonology | |
| Naiki | jūrol | 'cricket' | ||
| Portuguese | European | desafio | 'challenge' | |
| Brazilian | aprendizado | 'learning' | ||
| Many speakers | mezzosoprano | 'mezzo-soprano' | Marginal sound. Some might instead use spelling pronunciations. See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian | Moldavian dialects | zic | 'say' | |
| Telugu | ౙత/dzata | 'pair, set' | ||
| Teochew | Swatow | 日本/jitpun | 'Japan' | |
| Toda | üɀ | 'five' |
Retracted alveolar
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan | dotze | 'twelve' | Apical. See Catalan phonology | |
| Occitan | Gascon | messatge | 'message' | |
| Languedocien | ||||
| Piedmontese | arvëdse | 'goodbye' | ||
| Sardinian | Central dialects | pranzu | 'lunch' |
Variable
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greek | τζάκι | 'fireplace' | Varies between retracted and non-retracted, depending on the environment. Phonemically, it is a stop–fricative sequence. See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Italian | zero | 'zero' | The fricative component varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical. In the latter case, the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology | |
| Montenegrin | dzavala | 'haystack' | Varies between dentalized laminal and sibilant affricate. See Montenegrin phonology | |
| West Frisian | skodzje | 'shake' | Laminal; varies between retracted and non-retracted. Phonemically, it is a stop–fricative sequence. The example word also illustrates . See West Frisian phonology |
Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate
Features
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect | A possible realization of word-final, non-pre-pausal . | ||
| English | General American | *dream* | 'dream' | |
| Received Pronunciation | ||||
| Italian | Sicily | Adriatico | 'the Adriatic Sea' |
Notes
References
- {{citation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-11
- {{citation |trans-title=Handbook of Italian Pronunciation
- {{citation
- {{citation |orig-year=First published 1981
- {{citation
- {{citation |doi-access=free
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{Citation |doi-access=free
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{citation
- {{Citation |doi-access=free
- {{citation
- {{citation
References
- {{Harvcoltxt. Puppel. Nawrocka-Fisiak. Krassowska. 1977. Ladefoged. Maddieson. 1996
- {{Harvcoltxt. Kozintseva. 1995
- {{Harvcoltxt. Padluzhny. 1989
- {{Harvcoltxt. Palková. 1994
- {{Harvcoltxt. Szende. 1999
- Jerzy Treder. "Fonetyka i fonologia".
- {{Harvcoltxt. Nau. 1998
- {{Harvcoltxt. Lunt. 1952
- "Pravopis crnogorskoga jezika".
- {{Harvcoltxt. Rocławski. 1976
- {{Harvcoltxt. Chew. 2003
- {{Harvcoltxt. Landau. Lončarić. Horga. Škarić. 1999
- {{Harvcoltxt. Pretnar. Tokarz. 1980
- (2008). "Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system". Glottometrics.
- {{Harvcoltxt. Šewc-Schuster. 1984
- {{Harvcoltxt. Shosted. Chikovani. 2006
- {{in lang
- "Seqüências de (oclusiva alveolar + sibilante alveolar) como um padrão inovador no português de Belo Horizonte – Camila Tavares Leite".
- "Adaptações fonológicas na pronúncia de estrangeirismos do Inglês por falantes de Português Brasileiro – Ana Beatriz Gonçalves de Assis".
- {{Harvcoltxt. Hualde. 1992
Wikipedia Source
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about Voiced alveolar affricate — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up free
Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report