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Vikas (rocket engine)

Indian rocket engine

Field	Value
image	Vikas engine of ISRO.JPG
image_size	250
caption	Model of the Vikas engine
name	Vikas
country_of_origin	India
manufacturer	Godrej & Boyce and MTAR Technologies
designer
predecessor	Viking
status	Active
type	liquid
fuel	UDMH
oxidiser	N2O4
cycle	Gas generator
thrust	850 kN
specific_impulse_vacuum	293 isp
specific_impulse_sea_level	262 isp
chamber_pressure	6.2 MPa (62 bar)
length	3.70 m(Vikas-4B)
used_in	2nd stage of PSLV and GSLV
Main stage L110 of LVM3

120 in (3,000 mm) Main stage L110 of LVM3

The Vikas engine (a portmanteau from initials of VIKram Ambalal Sarabhai ) is a family of hypergolic liquid fuelled rocket engines conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in the 1970s. The design was based on the licensed version of the Viking engine with the chemical pressurisation system. The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents. It is used in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3 for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of LVM3. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in LVM3 is 55 tons.

History

In 1974, Societe Europeenne de Propulsion agreed to transfer Viking engine technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 by Nambi Narayanan and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.

Technical details

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons of UDMH as fuel and Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable of gimballing.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the GSAT 6A launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions. Tests were conducted on the Vikas engine in 2025 for future applicability to VTVL technolgies.

Variants

Type	Nozzle	Length	Nozzle	Chamber	Fuel	Mix Rate	Flow rate	Thrust(kN)	Specific Impulse (Ns/kg)	Launcher Stages	Sea Level	Vacuum
Booster/first stage
Vikas-2	~1.00	~2.75	13.9	5.30	UDMH /	1.86	0.2469	600.5	680.5	2432	2756	GSLV Mk.I L40H Strapon
Vikas-2B	~1.00	~2.75	13.9	5.30	UH 25 /	1.87	0.2710	677.7	765.5	2501	2824	GSLV Mk.II L40H Strapon
Vikas-X	~1.80	~3.75			UH 25 /		0.2805	756.5	839.0	2697	2991	LVM3 L110 stage
Second stage
Vikas-4	~1.50	~3.50		5.35	UDMH /	1.86	0.2498	-	725.0		2903	GSLV Mk.I GS2 stage, PSLV PS2 stage
Vikas-4B	~1.80	~3.70		5.85	UH 25 /	1.71	0.2716	-	804.5		2962	GSLV Mk.II GS2 stage, PSLV PS2 stage
References:

References

(8 December 2013). "Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers.". Business Today.
[https://b14643.eu/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines] Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014
[http://www.spaceflight101.com/pslv-launch-vehicle-information.html PSLV Launch Vehicle Information] Space Flight 101 24 December 2014
"With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine".
(18 December 2014). "Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines". The Hindu Business Line.
Narayanan, Nambi. (2018). "Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case". Bloomsbury Publishing.
(2001-12-03). "ISRO tests Vikas engine". [[The Hindu]].
K.S. Jayaraman. (2009-08-02). "Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving". Thaindian.com.
(2006). "History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines". AIAA.
(2006). "History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines". AIAA.
Muthunayagam, A.E. (10 December 2015). "From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey". Harper Collins.
Clark, Stephen. (29 March 2018). "India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch". Spaceflight Now.
"Achievements of Department of Space - 2025".
Brügge, Norbert. "India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines". Norbert Brügge.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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