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Vesicointestinal fistula

Between the bladder and the bowel

Between the bladder and the bowel

FieldValue
nameVesicointestinal fistula
synonymsIntestinovesical fistula

A vesicointestinal fistula (or intestinovesical fistula) is a form of fistula between the bladder and the bowel.

Types

A fistula involving the bladder can have one of many specific names, describing the specific location of its outlet:

  • Bladder and intestine: "vesicoenteric", "enterovesical", or "vesicointestinal"
  • Bladder and colon: "vesicocolic" or "colovesical"
  • Bladder and rectum: "vesicorectal" or "rectovesical"

Symptoms and signs

If fecal matter passes through the fistula into the bladder, the existence of the fistula may be revealed by pneumaturia, fecaluria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. Migration of urine through the fistula into the bowel may cause rectal passage of urine.

Causes

Many causes exist including:

  • diverticulitis : most common ~ 60%
  • colorectal cancer (CRC) : ~ 20%
  • Crohn's disease : ~ 10%
  • radiotherapy
  • appendicitis
  • trauma

Diagnosis

Various modalities of diagnosis are available:

  • Cystoscopy
  • Colonoscopy
  • Poppy seed test
  • Transabdominal ultrasonography
  • Abdominopelvic CT
  • MRI
  • Barium enema
  • Bourne test
  • Cystogram

A definite algorithm of tests is followed for making the diagnosis.

References

References

  1. ''[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Merck Geriatrics]]'' [http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmg/sec14/ch118/ch118f.jsp 14-118f]
  2. {{MerckHome. 11. 149. c
  3. "Fistula enterovesical". [[General Electric.
  4. {{Cite GPnotebook. 1309016087. vesicocolic fistula
  5. {{DiseasesDB. 11193
  6. Weerakkody, Yuranga. "Colovesical Fistula". Radiopaedia.org.
  7. Golabek, Tomasz. (2013). "Enterovesical Fistulae: Aetiology, Imaging, and Management". Gastroenterology Research and Practice.
  8. Kwon, EO. (Apr 2008). "The poppy seed test for colovesical fistula: big bang, little bucks!". The Journal of Urology.
  9. Amendola, MA. (Apr 1984). "Detection of occult colovesical fistula by the Bourne test.". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology.
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