Vaticinia de Summis Pontificibus

Introduction

The series of some thirty prophecies, based on Greek prototypes, was "most probably conceived in order to influence one of the ongoing papal elections," written in opposition to the Orsini and their candidates.

The mystical series of prophecies, known from their incipit as the Genus nequam prophecies ("the origin of evil"), are derived from the Byzantine Leo Oracles, a series of twelfth-century Byzantine prophecies that foretell a savior-emperor destined to restore unity to the Christian Empire. Their poems and tempera illuminations mix fantasy, the occult, and chronicle in a chronology of the popes. Each prophecy consists of four elements, an enigmatic allegorical text, an emblematic picture, a motto, and an attribution to a pope.

The series was augmented in the fourteenth century with further prophecies, with the incipit Ascende calve ("arise, bald one"), written in imitative continuation of the earlier set, but with more overtly propagandist aims. By the time of the Council of Constance (1414–18), both series were united as the Vaticinia de summis pontificibus and misattributed to the Calabrian mystic Joachim of Flora, thus credited to a pseudo-Joachim. There are some fifty manuscripts of this fuller collection.

The prophecies received numerous printed editions.

Notes

References

• Fleming, Martha H. The Late Medieval Pope Prophecies: The Genus nequam Group (Series "Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies', 204), (Tempe: universidad de Arizona) 1999.
• Lerner, Robert E. "On the Origins of the Earliest Latin Pope Prophecies: A Reconsideration". Fälschungen im Mittelalter, Vol. 5, pp. 611–635. Schriften der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, 33. Hannover, 1988.
• Reeves, Marjorie. Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future, London, SPCK, 1976.
• Reeves, Marjorie. Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future (Paperback). London, Sutton, 1999.
• Reeves, Marjorie. The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism, Oxford University Press, 1969. .
• Reeves, Marjorie, Some Popular Prophecies from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries, Studies in Church History 8 (1971): 107–34.

References

1. The texts and illustrations are so closely related they must have been conceived together.
2. Schleich ref.