Vandalia, Illinois

History

Vandalia was founded in 1819 as a new capital city for Illinois. The previous capital, Kaskaskia, was unsuitable because it was under the constant threat of flooding. The townsite, located in Bond County at the time, was hastily prepared for the 1820 meeting of the Illinois General Assembly. In 1821, Fayette County was created, including Vandalia.

The history of the name Vandalia is uncertain. Different theories can be found in almost all of the books written about Vandalia over the years. In her book Vandalia: Wilderness Capital of Lincoln's Land, Mary Burtschi tells of a conversation between one of the original surveyors of the town and a Vandalia resident. The surveyor, Colonel Greenup, explained that Van was suggested by one of the men. He recommended this as an abbreviation to the word vanguard meaning the forefront of an advancing movement. Another suggestion was made for the term dalia, derived from the Anglo-Saxon word dale which means a valley between hills. Greenup takes credit in the conversation for connecting the two terms to form the name Vandalia.

Another possible source of the name is the Vandalia colony, a failed attempt to establish a fourteenth colony in part of what is now West Virginia and Kentucky. The Vandalia colony was named in honor of Queen Charlotte, who claimed descent from the Wendish tribe of Obodrites, also called the Vandals.

Another theory put forth is that Vandalia was named by those who located the state capital in the town; according to the story, they mistakenly thought the Vandals were a brave Native American tribe, rather than of Germanic origins.

The law under which Vandalia was founded included a provision that the capital would not be moved for twenty years. Even before the end of this period, the population center of the state had shifted far north of Vandalia. In 1837, the General Assembly voted to move the capital to Springfield.

On November 21, 1915, the Liberty Bell passed through Vandalia on its nationwide tour, while being returned to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco.

In the early 1960s the sociologist Joseph Lyford examined the social structure of Vandalia in a book-length study that revealed the essentially corporatist nature of decision-making in the city; this work was recently revisited by the Economist newspaper.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, Vandalia has a total area of 8.116 sqmi, of which 8.1 sqmi (or 99.8%) is land and 0.016 sqmi (or 0.2%) is water.{{cite web |access-date=2015-12-27 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213064904/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1777317 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead

Vandalia is situated on Interstate 70, U.S. Route 40 (the National Road) and U.S. Route 51.

Climate

| Jan record high F = 72 | Feb record high F = 77 | Mar record high F = 84 | Apr record high F = 89 | May record high F = 94 | Jun record high F = 104 | Jul record high F = 111 | Aug record high F = 106 | Sep record high F = 98 | Oct record high F = 97 | Nov record high F = 81 | Dec record high F = 72 | year record high F = 111 | Jan record low F = −22 | Feb record low F = −19 | Mar record low F = −9 | Apr record low F = 20 | May record low F = 28 | Jun record low F = 39 | Jul record low F = 48 | Aug record low F = 41 | Sep record low F = 20 | Oct record low F = 22 | Nov record low F = 5 | Dec record low F = −17 | year record low F = -22 | access-date = July 24, 2021 | archive-date = June 5, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210605094500/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lsx | url-status = dead | access-date = July 24, 2021}}

Demographics

There were 2,253 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.21% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.65% were non-families. 39.28% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 2.25.

The city's age distribution consisted of 16.2% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 144.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 148.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,862, and the median income for a family was $48,454. Males had a median income of $28,600 versus $23,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,994. About 16.8% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Vandalia is governed using the mayor council system. The council consists of eight members elected from one of four wards with each ward electing two members. The mayor along with the city clerk and treasurer are elected in a citywide vote.

Education

The city has a Board of Education. Among the public schools in the city are Jefferson Elementary School and former Central School, which was condemned in 1980. The city's first high school was established in 1858. Vandalia is home to the Okaw Valley Area Vocational Center, which trains high school students in vocational trades. It also serves vocational students from nearby high schools such as those in Greenville and Mulberry Grove. The building trades class at the center each year purchases property in Vandalia, builds a house, and sells the improved property. They have sold 33 homes constructed by students.

Notable people

• Alfred Elisha Ames, Illinois and Minnesota politician, physician
• Josie Barnes, professional bowler: winner of the 2021 U.S. Women's Open and 2025 USBC Queens
• Henry P. H. Bromwell, Illinois politician, U.S. Representative from Illinois
• John J. Bullington, Illinois politician
• Levi Davis, Illinois Auditor and lawyer
• H. Joel Deckard, U.S. Representative from Indiana
• William Lee D. Ewing, U.S. Senator and fifth Governor of Illinois
• William M. Farmer, Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
• Ferris Foreman, Illinois and California politician, Army colonel
• John W. Heavey, U.S. Army brigadier general, chief of the National Guard Bureau
• Miles E. Mills, Illinois politician and educator
• Frederick Remann, Illinois politician, U.S. Representative from Illinois
• June Squibb, Academy Award-nominated actress

In fiction and popular culture

• The case of Frier v. City of Vandalia was a case decided by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals on the issue of res judicata. The case originally involved a parking dispute in Vandalia but became a pivotal case in civil procedure.
• Four US Navy ships have been named for Vandalia.

References

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
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3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
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5. (October 1954). "Documentary History of Vandalia, Illinois".
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7. Allen, John W.. (January 11, 1963). "Place Names Have Colorful History". The Southeast Missourian.
8. (1 December 1900). "Springfield's Long Nine". the New York Times.
9. (1876). "History of the early settlers of Sangamon County, Illinois : centennial record". Edwin A. Wilson & Co..
10. (July 3, 2007). "Liberty Bell Attracts Crowd in Greenville During 1915 Stop". Greenville Advocate.
11. (December 22, 2012). "The view from Vandalia: A half century on, a much-studied small city has lessons to teach". The Economist.
12. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov.
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15. Petrina, David. (December 19, 1980). "Scaled-down school addition considered". Lee Enterprises.
16. Belting, Paul E.. (1919). "Development of the Free Public High School in Illinois to 1860". Illinois State Journal Press.
17. (1989). "2000-2001 Directory: Illinois Public Schools, Public School Districts, Other Education Units". Illinois State Board of Education.
18. (May 21, 2007). "BUILDING TRADES CLASS BUILDS 33RD HOME". WGEL.
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