Unilever House

Design and construction

The design was a collaboration between James Lomax-Simpson, the Unilever company architect and a member of its board, and John James Burnet and Thomas S. Tait, partners in the firm of Sir John Burnet and Partners. However, there has been much confusion over the relative contributions of these architects. A note by Simpson claimed exclusive credit, suggesting that Burnet and Tait merely approved the final design; but Burnet and Tait exhibited the design as a joint work with Simpson at the Royal Academy; and drawings held at London Metropolitan Archives are signed by Burnet and Tait alone. Burnet was on the point of retiring owing to ill health; while Tait was a leading proponent of modern architecture, little of which is evident in the final design. The conclusion of Clive Aslet is that Lomax-Simpson was responsible for the overall concept (an early drawing by him dated October 1929 depicts the frontage very much as built); while Burnet and Tait were invited to become involved because of the prestige of their practice's name, but contributed only details.

The main contractor for the construction was Holland, Hannen & Cubitts.

Architecture

The most striking aspect of the building is its enormous curving frontage along the Victoria Embankment, with its giant Ionic columns between the fourth and sixth floors. The heavily rusticated ground floor is windowless to reduce traffic noise inside the building. The corners are marked by entrances surmounted by large plinths on which are placed sculptures of human figures restraining horses (called Controlled Energy) by Sir William Reid Dick. Merman and mermaid figures are by Gilbert Ledward. The original lift cars were lined with art deco pewter panels designed by Eric Gill.

Renovation

A refurbishment of 1977–83 saw the addition of parapet figures by Nicholas Monro and a new north entrance lobby in a Neo Art Deco style, by Theo Crosby of Pentagram. The building has been extended along Tudor Street.

In 2004, the firm Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates began renovation work in consultation with English Heritage and the City of London to make alterations to the interior work space. As part of the renovations, original fittings were retained or re-used, such as parquet flooring or Eric Gill's pewter lift car panels, but Crosby's distinctive and historically important additions were removed. A roof garden was created on top of the building.

Gallery

Image:Unilever House 2.jpg|The curved Neoclassic front Image:Unilever House 3.jpg|Unilever monogram Image:Unilever House 4.jpg|Decorative detailing Image:Unilever House 5.jpg|The front door Image:Unilever House 6.jpg|"Controlled Energy": man and horse by Sir William Reid Dick Image:UnileverWomanHorseP1090413.jpg|"Controlled Energy": woman and horse by Sir William Reid Dick Image:Unilever.jpg|Unilever House and Blackfriars Bridge at night File:Unilever House interior - 01.jpg|Interior of Unilever House. The sculpture is "The Space Trumpet" by Conrad Shawcross

References

Bibliography

References

1. Sutcliffe, Anthony. (2006). "London: An Architectural History". Yale University Press.
2. Howgego, James L.. (1977). "The Victorian and Edwardian City of London from Old Photographs". Batsford.
3. [http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/XJ121781/De-Keysers-Royal-Hotel-Victoria-Embankment-EC?img=2&search=V+de+Keyser De Keyser's Royal Hotel, Victoria Embankment, London]
4. (1997). "London 1: The City of London". Penguin.
5. "Unilever Building". Dictionary of Scottish Architects.
6. (2005). "Unilever House". Open Site 2005.
7. Aslet 1981.
8. "London landmarks built by Cubitts". Thamesmead.
9. 978-0-85323-977-2, p. 278. Retrieved 2010-08-30
10. Crosby was the Design Consultant on the job. The design team was headed by Frank Bex, working with Unilever's chief architect Roy Ashworth
11. 978-0-8118-5563-1. In this Paper, Crosby argues that his work on Unilever House was part of a necessary "change of emphasis" in building; to reduce the scale at which buildings are contemplated, and to "revive the responsible craftsman".
12. "Unilever House, London, United Kingdom". Design Build Network.
13. "100 Victoria Embankment - 'Unilever House' - Building Details".