Ulmus bergmanniana

Description

The tree is very closely related to the wych elm Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 m with a wide-spreading crown, and a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h. The bark is longitudinally fissured, and varies in colour from greyish-white to dark grey. The pubescent leaves range from obovate to elliptic, less than 16 cm long, and bluish-green when mature. Schneider's leaf-drawing (1907) shows a short wych-like petiole. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by generally obovate samarae

Pests and diseases

U. bergmanniana has a moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease; in trials in Oklahoma it was also found to be eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola, but further north at the Morton Arboretum was moderately to highly preferred by the insect. The species is also susceptible to the elm leafminer.

Cultivation

The tree was introduced to the West in 1900. In trials in the USA it was found to propagate well, and also proved to be very winter hardy. The tree was one of 12 Chinese species under evaluation at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, in 2009 by the late Dr George Ware. There are no known cultivars of this taxon.

Subspecies & varieties

Two varieties are recognized: var. bergmanniana L.K.Fu, and var. lasiophylla C.K.Schneid..

Etymology

The species was named by Camillo Karl Schneider for his friend Carl Bergmann, who assisted in indexing the work in which it was published.

Accessions

;North America

• Brenton Arboretum, US.
• Chicago Botanic Garden, US. Planted in West Collections Area.
• Denver Botanic Gardens, US. No acc. no. available.
• Morton Arboretum, US. acc. no. 44-95. Obtained from Yunnan Province, China.
• United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. Acc. nos. 68997, 76216, 76217, 76242, 68977.

;Europe

• Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. Planted 2013 Smeerdijkgaarde, Kortenhoef.

Nurseries

;Europe

• Pan-Global Plants http://www.panglobalplants.com/, Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.

References

References

1. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002689096/page/901/mode/2up Schneider, Camillo Karl, ''Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde'' (Jena, 1907), p.902]
2. "Ulmus bergmanniana_EOL".
3. , Richens, R. H., ''Elm'' (Cambridge, 1983), p.87
4. Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. {{ISBN. 1930723407 [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]
5. [http://ppbc.iplant.cn/tu/6018166''U. bergmanniana'' bark photograph, Xianyang City, Yangling District, Shaanxi Province, China; ppbc.iplant.cn/]
6. "''Photograph labelled U. bergmanniana'', asianflora Ulmaceae".
7. White, J. & More, D. (2003). ''Trees of Britain & Northern Europe''. Cassell's, London. {{ISBN. 0304361925
8. ["Ulmus bergmanniana - 1"](http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000852643}}; {{cite web). Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
9. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002689096/page/903/mode/2up Schneider, Camillo Karl, ''Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde'' (Jena, 1907), p.903-904]
10. [https://vplants.org/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=24480413 Campbell University Herbarium specimen. Sheet labelled ''U. bergmanniana'' Schneid., flowers from Morton Arboretum (2011)]
11. {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center
12. "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey".
13. Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. (2009). ''New Trees - Recent Introductions to Cultivation''. RBG Kew, London. {{ISBN. 978-1-84246-173-0
14. Dirr, M. (2009). 'Future Tree Selections'. ''Western'', Spring 2009,  p.8. Western Nursery & Landscape Association, St Joseph, Missouri.[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/52250445/dr-michael-a-dirr-offering-future-tree-selections/4]
15. [https://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_bergmanns_elm/ Bergmann's elm at Morton Arboretum; cirrusimage]