Ulmus 'Androssowii'

Description

The tree grows to a height of 20 m and is distinguished by its very dense spherical crown and pubescent leaves. Rehder noted (1939) that though similar in habit to 'Umbraculifera', 'Androssowi' could be "easily distinguished" by the grayish-brown bark of its twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches, by the pubescent winter-buds, by the mostly shallow- and single-toothed leaves, pubescent beneath, and by the near-orbicular fruit 10-13 mm in diameter, with the seed slightly above the middle. In 'Umbraculifera', by contrast, the twigs are red-brown and never corky, the leaves are more clearly and sharply double-toothed, only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth, and the obovate fruit is wedge-shaped at base and about 1.5 cm long, with the seed close to the notch. The compact branch structure of 'Androssowii' helps the tree conserve moisture. File:Ulmus androssowii specimen.jpg|Mature specimen of 'Androssowii' in Almaty File:Ulmus 'Androssowii' (ex-Moscow) - Grange Farm arboretum. 2017-08-12 (47).jpg|Young 'Androssowii', Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire File:Ulmus 'Androssowii' (ex-Moscow) - Grange Farm arboretum. 2017-08-12 (48).jpg|Leaves of same

Pests and diseases

Not known. In 1987, according to a Forestry Commission study of the Dushanbe area, Tajikistan, elms including 'Androssowii' "were plentiful in the city, pastures and roadside plantations, but no symptoms of Dutch elm disease, foliar or internal, were found. Breeding galleries of a Scolytus species close to Scolytus multistriatus were present in stressed or dying trees but no Ophiostoma ulmi was obtained from the galleries." The report concluded that, to date, the region may have escaped Dutch elm disease through geographical isolation.

Cultivation

The hybrid has been widely planted in southern and western areas of the former Soviet Union, notably along the streets of Samarkand and Almaty. In western Europe it was distributed by Hesse's Nurseries, Weener, Germany, in the 1930s. A specimen was present at Kew Gardens in the 1930s. Cold-hardy, it prefers a rich soil and moderate humidity. File:Ulmus x androssowi.jpg|'Androssowii' left, U. Bubyriana [:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'] right, Samarkand (1903) File:Gorskii 21791u.jpg|Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century File:Aziatskaya Rossiya. Vol 2. p. 136. 'Karagach'. Samarkand Oblast.jpg|Turkestan Elm near Samarkand, early 20th century File:Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'.jpg|Photo captioned 'Umbraculifera' but possibly 'Androssowii', Bukhara, Uzbekistan (c.1910) File:Ulmus androssowii.jpg|'Androssowii' along Timiryazev street in Almaty (2025)

Synonymy

• Ulmus Androssowi: Litv. in Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae 8: 23, no. 2445, t.2, 1922.
• Ulmus pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehd.

Accessions

;North America

• Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 353-72 (received as U. pumila f. androssowii (Litv.) Rehder). ;Europe
• Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK. Grafted cuttings acquired 2013. Acc. nos. 1095, 1096.
• Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18165, 18166 (as U. pumila f. androssowii, both from Moscow).
• Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, UK. Acc. nos. 2016.0355, 2016.0356.

Nurseries

;Europe

• Pan-global Plants http://www.panglobalplants.com/visiting/, Frampton on Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.

''Ulmus'' × ''androssowii''

As the protologue (the first name used) for a hybrid of the U. minor × U. pumila group, Ulmus × androssowii is a valid group name for other crossings of these two species, whether wild or cultivated. The apparent uniformity of the cultivar 'Androssowii' makes it likely to be a single clone, Ulmus × androssowii 'Androssowii' (Richens called the cultivar 'Major' Ulmus × hollandica 'Hollandica'). In addition to the native range of this hybrid group in Central Asia, spontaneous hybridization of field elm and Siberian elm also occurs in Spain and Italy, where Siberian elm is naturalised. Kew, however, currently states (2025) that "The hybrid formula is U. minor × U. pumila", without citing a group name. Kew, Plants of the World Online, Ulmus × androssowii Litv.

Cultivars include:

• 'Fiorente'
• 'Fuente Umbria'
• 'Karagatch'
• 'Recerta'
• 'Toledo'
• Morton Arboretum's U. carpinifolia x U. pumila, acc. 1946-24*1 Unnamed hybrids of this group have also been planted as street trees in northern Italy, where they show variable susceptibility to Dutch elm disease.

References

References

1. Richens, R. H., ''Elm'' (Cambridge 1981), p.279
2. Forestry Commission, ''Report on Forest Research for the year ended March 1987'', Edinburgh 1987; p.45
3. Rickmers, W. Rickmer, ''The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels'' (Cambridge, 1913), pp.172, 26, 63, 162, 166, 332
4. Sokolov (1951). ''[[:ru:Деревья и кустарники СССР. ''Trees & Shrubs in the U.S.S.R'']]'' (in Russian), 2: 506.
5. [http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/botanist_search.php?mode=details&id=68532 kiki.huh.harvard]
6. Rehder, Alfred. (1939). "Rehder, new species, varieties and combinations". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum.
7. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837110-1 ''Ulmus'' × ''androssowii'' Litv., Plants of the World Online; powo.science.kew.org]
8. Green, Peter Shaw. (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". [[Arnold Arboretum]], [[Harvard University]].
9. {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center
10. [https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/MW0591855-3 Moscow Digital Herbarium, Moscow State University, ''U. Androssowii'' "type" specimen MW0591855-3 (fruit, leaves and bark), from Samarkand, 1913]
11. [https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/MW0818537 Moscow Digital Herbarium, Moscow State University, ''U. Androssowii'' fruit and leaves specimen MW0818537, from Tashkent 1914]
12. [https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/MW0818535 Moscow Digital Herbarium, Moscow State University, ''U. Androssowii'' fruit and leaves specimen MW0818535, from Tashkent 1914]
13. World Digital Library, wdl.org/en/item/5747/
14. Rickmers, W. Rickmer, ''The Duab of Turkestan, a physiographic sketch and account of some travels'' (Cambridge, 1913), p.172
15. Photos of 'Androssowii', yvision.kz [http://yvision.kz/post/409345] (in Russian)
16. (1932). "Preis- und Sortenliste".
17. {{Naturalis Biodiversity Center
18. Richens, R. H., (1983). ''Elm'' p. 53–54 also 33, 42.Cambridge University Press, 1983)
19. (1 August 2000). "Identification of native and hybrid elms in Spain using isozyme gene markers". Heredity.
20. (14 May 2013). "Hybridization and introgression between the exotic Siberian elm, ''Ulmus pumila'', and the native Field elm, ''U. minor'', in Italy". Biol Invasions.
21. [https://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_hybrid_elm/ Hybrid elm, ''U. carpinifolia'' x ''U. pumila'', acc. 1946-24*1, Morton Arboretum]
22. [https://www.laprovinciacr.it/news/cronaca/255090/olmi-malati-destinati-a-sparire.html Cinzia Franciò, 'Olmi malati, destinati a sparire' (on the hybrid elms of Casalmaggiore), ''La Provincia'', Cremona, 10 August 2020]