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Turonian

Second age of the Late Cretaceous epoch

Summary

Second age of the Late Cretaceous epoch

Field	Value
name	Turonian
color	Turonian
time_start	93.9
time_start_uncertainty	0.2
time_end	89.8
time_end_uncertainty	0.3
image_map	LateCretaceousMap.jpg
caption_map	Paleogeography of the late Turonian (90 Ma), showing the high sea level at the time
timeline	Cretaceous
name_formality	Formal
celestial_body	earth
usage	Global (ICS)
timescales_used	ICS Time Scale
chrono_unit	Age
strat_unit	Stage
timespan_formality	Formal
lower_boundary_def	FAD of the Ammonite Watinoceras devonense
lower_gssp_location	Rock Canyon, Colorado, USA
lower_gssp_coords
lower_gssp_accept_date	September 2003
upper_boundary_def	Not formally defined
upper_def_candidates	FAD of the Inoceramid Bivalve Cremnoceramus rotundatus

Słupia Nadbrzeżna, Poland
Pueblo, Colorado, USA
Salzgitter-Salder quarry, Germany The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.2 Ma and 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage.

At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Sea level fall took place in the latter part of the Turonian from the highstand at the beginning of the Turonian.

Stratigraphic definition

Lithographic limestone from the Gerofit Formation (Turonian) north of [[Makhtesh Ramon]], southern Israel; a variety of [[Jerusalem stone]] (''meleke'').

The Turonian (French: Turonien) was defined by the French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original type locality.

The base of the Turonian Stage is defined as the place where the ammonite species Watinoceras devonense first appears in the stratigraphic column. The official reference profile (the GSSP) for the base of the Turonian is located in the Rock Canyon anticline near Pueblo, Colorado (United States, coordinates: 38° 16' 56" N, 104° 43' 39" W).

The top of the Turonian Stage (the base of the Coniacian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column where the inoceramid bivalve species Cremnoceramus rotundatus first appears.

Subdivision

The Turonian is sometimes subdivided in Lower/Early, Middle and Upper/Late substages or subages. In the Tethys domain, it contains the following ammonite biozones:

zone of Subprionocyclus neptuni (in the Upper Turonian)
zone of Collignoniceras woollgari (in the Middle Turonian)
zone of Mammites nodosoides
zone of Watinoceras coloradoense or Watinoceras devonense (last two both in the Lower Turonian)

Other important index fossils are species of the inoceramid genus Inoceramus (I. schloenbachi, I. lamarcki and I. labiatus). Inoceramids are bivalve Mollusca related to today's mussels.

References

Literature

; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
; 2005: The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Turonian Stage of the Cretaceous: Pueblo, Colorado, U.S.A., Episodes 28(2): pp 93–104.

References

Kennedy, W. J.. (2005). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Turonian Stage of the Cretaceous: Pueblo, Colorado, U.S.A.". Episodes.
See Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) for a detailed description of the ICS' timescale
(August 2008). "Biostratigraphy of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Eastern Carpathians (Dâmboviţa Valley): preliminary observations". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia.
(January 1998). "Evidence for a shallowing event in the Upper Turonian (Cretaceous) Mytiloides scupini Zone of northern Germany". [[Acta Palaeontologica Polonica]].
The GSSP was established by Kennedy ''et al.'' (2005)

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

turonian late-cretaceous geological-ages cretaceous-geochronology

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