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Turnover (food)

Pastry with a filling on a single piece of dough which has been folded over and sealed

Turnover (food)

Pastry with a filling on a single piece of dough which has been folded over and sealed

FieldValue
nameTurnover
imageMönichwald - Krapfenkirtag - Schmerkrapfen.jpg
captionAn apple-filled turnover
image_altA picture of an apple-filled turnover, bought from a diner
alternate_nameVarious (see list)
typePastry
variationsSavoury or Sweet
no_commonstrue

A turnover is a small pie, made by placing a filling on a piece of pastry or viennoiserie dough. The dough is then folded over and sealed, and is then cooked by either baking or frying. Turnovers can be sweet or savoury and are often eaten as a sort of portable meal or dessert. Throughout the world, turnovers are known by different names. For example, in Spanish-speaking countries they are known as empanadas, while pasty, originally a Cornish term, has spread across the globe.

It is common for sweet turnovers to have a fruit filling and be made with a puff pastry or shortcrust pastry dough and covered with icing. Savoury turnovers generally contain meat, vegetables or a mixture of both, and can be made with any sort of pastry dough. Savoury turnovers are often sold as convenience foods in supermarkets.

Fillings

Apple filling in a turnover

Common turnover fillings include fruits such as apples, peaches and cherries, meats like chicken, beef and pork, vegetables such as potatoes, broccoli and onions, and savoury ingredients like cheese. Specialty versions are also found, such as wild rabbit and leek. In the United Kingdom, turnovers are usually filled with cooked apples, but any fruit can be used, as described in Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.

In the United States, savoury products that are identified as a turnover (for example, "Beef Turnover" or "Cheesy Chicken Turnover") have to contain a certain amount of meat or poultry under the Food Standards and Labeling Policy. A similar law, the Meat Pie and Sausage Roll Regulation 1967 exists in the United Kingdom, which states that pasties must contain meat that is a minimum 12.75% of the weight of the pastry.

List of turnover names

Around the world, turnovers are known by different names. For example, in the United Kingdom, turnover is generally used as the name for sweet versions, however savoury turnovers can be called pasty, bridie (a Scottish term), clanger or oggie. There are different names used around the world:

NameImageSweet or SavouryCountries/Area usedReferences
Apfeltasche[[File:Apfeltasche 2011 PD 02.JPG100px]]Sweet•Germany
Appelflappen[[File:Appelflap (34804525332).jpg100px]]Sweet•Netherlands
Apple turnover[[File:Apple turnovers for sale at a restaurant in New Jersey.JPG100px]]Sweet•United States •United Kingdom •Australia •New Zealand •Canada
Birnbrot[[File:Bündner Birnbrot.jpg100px]]Sweet•Switzerland
Börek[[File:Albanian triangle byrek.jpg100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Middle East •Balkans
Bourekas[[Image:Bourekas.jpg100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Israel
Bridie[[File:Bridie.jpg100px]]Savoury•Scotland0-88289-304-1}}.
Briouat[[File:Moroccan food-02.jpg100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Morocco
Chausson au CitronSweet•France
Chausson aux pommes[[File:Chausson_aux_pommes.jpg100px]]Sweet•France
Clanger[[File:Bedfordshire_Clanger.jpg100px]]Savoury•Englandlast=Jones-Bakerfirst=Doristitle=The Folklore of Hertfordshirepublisher=Batsfordisbn=9780713432664date=1977pages=190–191}}
Curry beef turnover[[File:CurryBeef.jpg100px]]Savoury•Hong Kongfirst=Carolynlast=Phillipstitle=The Dim Sum Field Guide: A Taxonomy of Dumplings, Buns, Meats, Sweets, and Other Specialties of the Chinese Teahouseyear=2016publisher=Clarkson Potter/Ten Speedpages=74–75url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmIkCwAAQBAJ&dq=Curry+triangle+puff+dim+sum&pg=PA75access-date=9 November 2021isbn=9781607749578}}
Curry puff[[File:Karipap Daging.jpg100px]]Savoury•Brunei •Indonesia •Malaysia •Myanmar •Singapore •Thailandurl=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1805_2011-03-30.htmltitle=Curry puff | Infopediawebsite=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}
Empanada[[File:Tapa de empanadillitas.JPG100px]]Sweet or Savoury•Spain •Argentine •Peru •Nicaragua •Chile •Colombia •Cuba •Equador •Mexico •Venezuela •Uruguay •Sardinia •Philippines •Sicily •Tunisia •North Sulawesi
FlipSweet or Savoury•Newfoundland and Labradorlast1=Husseyfirst1=Bonitatitle=Traditional Newfoundland Apple Flipsurl=https://www.bonitaskitchen.com/recipe/apple-flips-bonitas-kitchen/website=Bonita’s Kitchenaccess-date=16 July 2025}}
Fried pie[[File:JCCFolkSchoolfriedpie.jpg100px]]Sweet•United Stateslast1=DeBoisfirst1=LaVonnetitle=The making of a fry pieurl=https://www.ohiosamishcountry.com/articles/the-making-of-a-fry-piewebsite=Ohio's Amish Countryaccess-date=1 January 2022}}
Haitian patty[[File:Haitian Patties.jpg100px]]Savoury•Haiti
Jamaican patty[[File:Jamaican patties and redstripe.jpg100px]]Savoury•Caribbeanlast=B.first=Cassidy, F. G. La Page, R.url=https://worldcat.org/oclc/759092116title=Dictionary of Jamaican English.date=2009publisher=Cambridge University Pressisbn=978-0-521-11840-8oclc=759092116}}
PanadesSavoury•Belize
Pastel FederalSweet•Argentina
Pasty[[File:Cornish Pasty (cropped).jpeg100px]]Sweet / Savoury•United Kingdom •United States •Australia •New Zealand •South Africa
Paste[[File:Mexico_City_pastie.JPG100px]]Sweet or Savoury•Mexico
Pastel[[File:Brazilian pastel.jpg100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Brazil
PattiesSavoury•Sri Lanka •Bangladesh
Pirozhki[[File:Piroshki.JPG100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Russiatitle = A Taste of Russia: A Cookbook of Russian Hospitalityfirst = Darralast=Goldsteinauthor-link = Darra Goldsteinpublisher = Russian Information Serviceyear = 1999isbn = 9781880100424page = 54url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aKEICug2T-EC&q=pirozhok&pg=PA54 }}
Salteña[[File:Salteñas de Bolivia.jpg100px]]Savoury•Bolivia
Samosa[[File:Vegetable Samosa.jpg100px]]Savoury•West Asia •East Africa •Central Asia •Southeast Asiafirst=Alanlast=Davidsonyear=1999title=The Oxford Companion to Foodpublisher=Oxford University Pressisbn=0-19-211579-0url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA709access-date=29 February 2020archive-date=4 September 2024archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904032000/https://books.google.com/books?id=RL6LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA709#v=onepage&q&f=falseurl-status=live }}
Sambousek[[File:Sambousek.JPG100px]]Savoury•Middle Eastern
ShingaraSavoury•Bangladesh
Strudel[[File:Strudel.jpg100px]]Sweet and Savoury•Austria •Italy •Israel •Hungary •Germany •France •Croatia •Bosnia and Herzegovina •Poland •Ukraine •Romania •Czech Republic •Slovakia •Slovenia •Serbia •Bulgaria
Welsh OggieSavoury•Walesurl=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/food-and-drink/features/empanadas-vs-cornish-pasties/title=Empanadas vs Cornish pasties: The battle for snack supremacynewspaper=The Telegraphdate=23 September 2024}}

Similar dishes

There are culinary dishes that look similar to turnovers, but are not made from pastry dough. In Italy, the Calzone, which originated in Naples in the 18th century, is essentially a folded pizza. Traditionally made from salted bread dough, baked in an oven and is stuffed with salami, ham or vegetables, mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan or pecorino cheese, as well as an egg. The Panzerotti, which originated in the Apulia region, are a smaller hand-held version of a Calzone, and are classically filled with tomato and mozzarella, though other typical Italian fillings are common such as cured meats, varied cheeses and greens such as the Pugliese favourite: cime di rapa. Panzerotti are deep-fried instead of being baked.{{cite web |access-date=18 June 2024}} Another folded and stuffed bread item is Scaccia, a Sicilian stuffed flatbread. Bierock are a yeast dough pocket sandwich with savory filling that originated in Eastern Europe, with the yeast dough folded over the fillings.

References

References

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