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Traumatic neuroma

Benign nerve-tissue tumor resulting from trauma to a nerve

Summary

Benign nerve-tissue tumor resulting from trauma to a nerve

Field	Value
name	Traumatic neuroma
image	Skin_Tumors-PA291026.jpg
field	neurology
synonyms	Amputation neuroma or Pseudoneuroma

| A traumatic neuroma is a type of neuroma which results from trauma to a nerve, usually during a surgical procedure. The most common oral locations are on the tongue and near the mental foramen of the mouth. They are relatively rare on the head and neck.

Pathophysiology

An essential step in the formation of a traumatic neuroma is injury to the perineurium. The perineurium directs the growth of axons by acting as a surface that the axons cannot go through. If the perineurium is compromised, the axons may escape into the extraperineural space and arborize in an unregulated fashion.

Prevention

Many surgeries have nerve injury as an unavoidable consequence such as limb amputation, nerve resections, or radical prostatectomy. Consequently, surgical techniques to reduce accidental nerve injury (nerve sparing techniques) and reduce the likelihood to develop traumatic neuromas have been researched. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a promising technique used clinically that has significantly improved various benchmarks of quality of life such as pain free patients, residual limb pain, phantom limb pain, opioid use, and ambulation. TMR involves the transfer of proximal nerve stumps to nearby muscle and was originally developed to improve prosthetic control. A newer, related technique is taking a muscle graft and moving it to the divided end of the peripheral nerve, called a regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI). RPNI also significantly reduces the incidence of neuroma formation for amputation.

References

Rapini, Ronald P.. (2007). "Dermatology: 2-Volume Set". Mosby.
Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.
(1998). "Traumatic neuromas of the head and neck". Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal.
Zabaglo M, Dreyer MA. Neuroma. [Updated 2022 Nov 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549838/#
(April 2016). "Nerve-sparing Surgery Technique, Not the Preservation of the Neurovascular Bundles, Leads to Improved Long-term Continence Rates After Radical Prostatectomy". Eur Urol.
(December 2016). "Nerve-sparing techniques and results in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy". Investig Clin Urol.
(2022). "Surgical Approaches for Prevention of Neuroma at Time of Peripheral Nerve Injury". Front Surg.
(August 2021). "Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Improves Pain and Ambulation Outcomes in Highly Comorbid Amputees". Plast Reconstr Surg.
(September 2019). "Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces to Prevent Postamputation Pain". Plast Reconstr Surg.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

diseases-of-oral-cavity,-salivary-glands-and-jaws neurocutaneous-conditions nervous-system-neoplasia

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