Toyohashi

Geography

Toyohashi is located in southeastern Aichi Prefecture, and is the capital of the informal "Higashi-Mikawa Region" of the prefecture. It is bordered by Shizuoka Prefecture to the east, and by Mikawa Bay and the headlands of the Atsumi Peninsula to the west. To the south is the Enshū Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The presence of the warm Kuroshio Current offshore gives the city a temperate climate. The Katahama Jusan-ri Beach stretching in adjacent city of Tahara to the west, Toyohashi, and the city of Hamamatsu to the east is a sea turtle nesting spot.

Climate

The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa). The average annual temperature in Toyohashi is 16.3 C. The average annual rainfall is 1651.3 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.5 C, and lowest in January, at around 5.4 C. |Jan record high C = 17.0 |Feb record high C = 21.7 |Mar record high C = 23.3 |Apr record high C = 26.7 |May record high C = 30.3 |Jun record high C = 34.1 |Jul record high C = 36.9 |Aug record high C = 37.9 |Sep record high C = 35.5 |Oct record high C = 31.2 |Nov record high C = 26.1 |Dec record high C = 22.4 |Jan record low C = -4.3 |Feb record low C = -4.4 |Mar record low C = -1.6 |Apr record low C = 1.3 |May record low C = 8.3 |Jun record low C = 12.9 |Jul record low C = 18.7 |Aug record low C = 19.3 |Sep record low C = 12.5 |Oct record low C = 6.5 |Nov record low C = 0.7 |Dec record low C = -2.2 |script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値） | access-date = April 13, 2022}}{{cite web |script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） | access-date = April 13, 2022}}}}

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Toyohashi has grown steadily over the past 60 years. | 1950 | 185,984 | 1960 | 215,515 | 1970 | 258,547 | 1980 | 304,273 | 1990 | 337,982 | 2000 | 364,865 | 2010 | 376,861

Neighboring municipalities

;Aichi Prefecture

• Shinshiro
• Tahara
• Toyokawa ;Shizuoka Prefecture:
• Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu
• Kosai

City scape

File:ToyohashiSkyline03.jpg|Skyline of Toyohashi File:聳える市役所と吉田城.JPG|Yoshida Castle File:Toyohashi Aichi - in front of Toyohashi station Jan 3 2022.webm|The street in front of Toyohashi Station, 2022 File:豊橋（橋）.jpg|Toyokawa Bridge and Toyo River File:Playground BotanicalGarden.jpg|Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park

History

Origins

The area around present-day Toyohashi has been inhabited for many thousands of years. Archaeologists have found human remains from the Japanese Paleolithic period, which have been carbon dated to more than 10,000 BC along with the bones of Naumann elephants.

Numerous remains from the Jōmon period, and especially from the Yayoi and Kofun periods have also been found, including many kofun burial mounds.

During the Nara period, the area was assigned to Atsumi, Hoi and Yana Districts of Mikawa Province and prospered during subsequent periods as a post town on an important river crossing of the Tōkaidō connecting the capital with the eastern provinces.

Sengoku period

During the Sengoku period, the area was a highly contested zone between the Imagawa clan based in Suruga Province and various local warlords, who built a number of fortifications in the area, including Yoshida Castle. The rising power of the Matsudaira clan and its alliance with Oda Nobunaga eventually neutralized the threat posed by the Imagawa, and the area became part of the holdings of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Following the Battle of Odawara in 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the Tokugawa clan to relocate to the Kantō region and assigned the castle to Ikeda Terumasa. Ikeda developed the surrounding castle town and embarked on a massive and ambitious plan to rebuild Yoshida Castle. However, following the Battle of Sekigahara, he was relocated to Himeji Castle.

Edo period

After the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, Yoshida Castle became the center of Yoshida Domain, a clan fief. The domain was assigned to several different fudai daimyō clans until coming into the possession of the Matsudaira (Nagasawa-Ōkōchi) clan in 1752, which remained in residence at Yoshida until the Meiji Restoration. The final daimyō of Yoshida, Matsudaira Nobuhisa, surrendered the domain to the Meiji government in 1868. In 1869, the name of the domain was formally changed from Yoshida to Toyohashi.

Meiji period

With the establishment of the modern municipalities system under the Meiji government in 1879, Toyohashi Town was created within Atsumi District, Aichi Prefecture. Toyohashi Zoo was established in 1899. The town achieved city status in 1906.

Taishō period

A tram system (the present-day Toyohashi Railway Asumadai Main Line) was established in 1925.

Shōwa period

In 1932, Toyohashi expanded its borders by annexing Shimoji Town (Hoi District), Takashi Village, Muroyoshida Village (Atsumi District), and Shimokawa Village (Yana District). Toyohashi suffered considerable damage during the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake, and even more damage during the Toyohashi Air Raid, which destroyed more than 60% of the city in June 1945.

Modern Toyohashi

In 1955, Toyohashi's geographic extent was expanded again with the annexation of neighboring Maeshiba Village (Hoi District), Futagawa Village, Takatoyo Village, Oitsu Village (Atsumi District) and Ishimaki Village (Yana District). Toyohashi achieved core city status in 1999 with increased autonomy from the prefectural government.

Government

Mayor-council

Toyohashi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 36 members.

Prefectural Assembly

The city contributes five members to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly.

House of Representatives

In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District15 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

List of mayors of Toyohashi (from 1907)

Public

Police

• Aichi Prefectural Police
  • Toyohashi police station

Firefighting

• Toyohashi Fire department
  • Toyohashi-Minami fire department
  • Toyohashi-Naka fire department

Health care

• Hospital
  • Toyohashi City Hospital

Post office

• Toyohashi Post office
• Toyohashi-Minami Post office

Library

• Toyohashi City Library
  • Toyohashi City Central Library
  • Toyohashi City Mukaiyama Liburary
  • Toyohashi City Oshimizu Liburary (Minakuru) File:Toyohashi Police Station 1.jpg|Toyohashi Police Station File:Toyohashi City Hall 3.jpg|Toyohashi Fire Department File:Toyohashi Municipal Hospital.jpg|Toyohashi City Hospital File:Toyohashi Post Office (2017-09-18).jpg|Toyohashi Post Office File:Toyohashi City Central Library in Jan. 2019 ac.jpg|Toyohashi City Central Library

International relations

;Sister cities

• PRC Nantong, Jiangsu, China, since May 1987
• USA Toledo, Ohio, United States, since April 2000
• LIT Panevėžys, Lithuania, since June 2019 ;Friendship cities
• ROK Jinju, South Gyeongsang, South Korea, since 1992
• BRA Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil, since 2008
• DEU Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, since 2011

Economy

Agriculture

• Cabbage
• Napa cabbage
• Tomato
• Diospyros kaki
• Pyrus pyrifolia
• Grape
• Chikuwa ;Japan Agricultural Cooperatives
• JA Toyohashi

Manufacturing

Industrial production is centered around the production of automotive-related components for Toyota, Mitsubishi, Suzuki Motors, and Honda, all of whom have factories in the region. ;Motors

• Toyota
• Mitsubishi
• Suzuki Motors
• Honda
• VOLKSWAGEN Group Japan

Trade and services

;Worldwide trade Mikawa Port is a major port for worldwide trade, and its presence has made Toyohashi the largest import and export hub in Japan for automobiles, in volume terms. Compared to other ports around the world, Mikawa is roughly on a par with the German port of Bremerhaven.

;Shopping center

• APiTA Mukaiyama

• Æon Toyohashi-Minami Shopping center

• Æon Town Toyohasihashira

• Cocola Avenue File:Cabbage field in Oshimizu-cho, Toyohashi city ac (1).jpg|Cabbage field in Oshimizu-cho File:Golden Volkswagen Golf TSI Highline (DBA-AUCPT).jpg|Volkswagen Golf Mk7 File:花園タウン(Hanazono Town) - panoramio.jpg|Shopping street File:Cocola Avenue.JPG|Cocola Avenue

Media

Studio

• FM Toyohashi (JOZZ6AA-FM, 84.30 MHz)

Newspaper

• Higashi Aichi Newspaper
• Tonichi Shimbun Newspaper

Education

Universities

;National university

• Toyohashi University of Technology ;Private university
• Aichi University
• Toyohashi Sozo College ;Private college
• Aichi Junior College

Primary and secondary schools

• Toyohashi has 52 public elementary schools and 22 public middle schools operated by the city government, and eight public high schools operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. The city also has one private middle school and three private high schools. The prefecture also operated three special education schools for the handicapped.

International schools

• Escola Alegria de Saber - Brazilian school
• Escola Cantinho Brasileiro - Brazilian primary school
• EJA Interativo – Educação de Jovens e Adultos - Brazilian institution
• Toyohashi Korean Elementary School and Kindergarten - North Korean school

Transportation

Railway

Toyohashi Station is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and the Tōkaidō Main Line. Hikari shinkansen services stop at Toyohashi Station approximately once every two hours, and Kodama services stop twice an hour. Toyohashi Station is also the terminus of the Iida Line, Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line, Toyohashi Railroad Atsumi Line, and the Toyohashi Railroad Azumada Main Line, making it an important transportation hub.

Highspeed rail

;[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]]Central Japan Railway Company

• Tōkaidō Shinkansen:

Conventional lines

;[[File:JR logo (central).svg|20px]]Central Japan Railway Company

• Tōkaidō Main Line:
• Iida Line: ;[[File:Meitetsu logomark 2.svg|20px]]Meitetsu
• Meitetsu Nagoya Line: ;[[File:Toyotetsu logomark.svg|20px]]Toyotetsu
• Toyohashi Railroad Atsumi Line:

Tramway

;[[File:Toyotetsu logomark.svg|20px]]Toyotetsu

• Toyohashi Railroad Azumada Main Line: Ekimae-ōdōriShinkawaFudagiShiyakushomaeToyohashi-kōenmaeHigashi-hatchōMaehataAzumada-sakaueAzumadaKeirinjōmaeIharaAkaiwaguchi
• IharaUndōkōen-mae

Bus

Almost all services are operated by Toyotetsu Bus, a subsidiary of Toyohashi Railroad.

Air

The nearest airport is Chubu Centrair International Airport, located 92 km north west of Toyohashi.

Roads

Highway

• [[Image:JP Expressway E1.svg|24px|link=|alt=E1]] Tomei Expressway

Japan National Route

Sea port

• Port of Toyohashi (Port of Mikawa) File:160321 Toyohashi Station Toyohashi Aichi pref Japan05n.jpg|Toyohashi Station File:160321 Toyohashi Station Toyohashi Aichi pref Japan13n.jpg|Ekimae-Ôdôri Main street File:T1000 toyohashi.jpg|Toyohashi Railroad File:豊鉄バス KK-MK27HM.JPG|Toyotetsu Bus File:Toyohashi Tollgate1.jpg|Toyohashi Tollgate File:港湾技能研修センター 遠景.jpg|Port of Toyohashi

Local attractions

Places of interest

• Toyohashi Park, which includes the site of Yoshida Castle, and the Toyohashi City Museum Art and History.
• Site of Nirengi Castle
• Toyohashi City Public Hall, a National Important Cultural Property .
• Toyohashi Orthodox Cathedral, a National Important Cultural Property
• Futagawa-juku honjin museum
• Toyohashi Zoo
• Toyohashi Natural History Museum
• Toyohashi Museum of Natural Resources

Facilities and parks

Toyohashi has many parks, including the Natural History Museum and Zoological Park, the Imou swamp, Mikawa Seaside Forest, Kamo Iris Garden, and the Mukaiyama Ume Garden. It also has what is considered one of the best surfing beaches in Aichi and the surrounding region.

Culture

Festivals

Toyohashi Festival, Spring Festival, Iris Flower Festival, Gion Festival, Demon Festival (February), and traditional marionette performances (Akumi joruri). At some of these festivals, especially the summer festivals, the use of traditionally handcrafted fireworks is showcased, and include hand-held bamboo-tube fireworks known as tezutsu hanabi.

Special products

Chikuwa (a type of baked sausage roll made from fish), Gohei rice cake, beach fermented soybeans, food boiled in goby fish and soy, top producer of quail eggs in Japan, Toyohashi calligraphy brush.

In popular culture

In the fictional Harry Potter universe, Toyohashi is the hometown of the professional Quidditch team, the Toyohashi Tengu.

In the Takeshi Kitano movie Kikujiro, the story revolves around the characters' trip from Tokyo to Toyohashi.

Toyohashi is the setting of the light novel series Makeine: Too Many Losing Heroines!, the anime television adaptation of which premiered in July 2024.

Sports

Basketball

• San-en NeoPhoenix (Toyohashi City General Gymnasium)

Baseball

• Chunichi Dragons (Toyohashi Municipal Baseball Stadium)

Gallery

File:Cocola Avenue.JPG|Cocola Avenue File:松葉公園 - panoramio - Roman Suzuki.jpg|Matsuba Park File:Hotel Seapalace Resort, In Toyohashi.jpg|Seapalace Resort File:Aquarena Toyohashi 2.jpg|Aquarena Toyohashi File:Mukaiyama-Oike.JPG|Mukaiyama-Oike Ponds File:Toyohashi Orthodox Church 1.jpg|Toyohashi Orthodox Church File:手筒花火(Tezutsu Fireworks) (10421329123).jpg|Tezutsu Fireworks File:Toyohasioni3.jpg|Toyohashi Oni Festival File:Yoshida at Tokaido.jpg|Hokusai

Notable people from Toyohashi

• Yua Aida, AV idol and model
• Katsuhito Asano, Japanese politician
• Daniel (Nushiro) of Japan, primate of Japanese Orthodox Church
• Atsushi Fujii, professional baseball player
• Emi Fujino, mixed martial artist, kickboxer and professional wrestler
• Mizuki Inoue, kickboxer and mixed martial artist
• Yoshitaka Iwamizu, Olympic long-distance runner
• Kitaro, musician
• Aya Kitō, writer
• Masaji Kiyokawa, Olympic gold-medalist swimmer
• Masatoshi Koshiba, Nobel Prize winner
• Sayaka Kurara, is a Japanese professional wrestler
• Ken Matsudaira, actor
• Rena Matsui, actress, former member of SKE48
• Yūji Mitsuya, actor, voice actor
• Masahiko Morifuku, professional baseball player
• Sakura Nogawa, voice actress
• Kenichi Ogawa, boxer
• Yoshio Sawai, manga artist
• Akiko Suzuki, professional figure skater
• Buyūzan Takeyoshi, sumo wrestler
• Sakon Yamamoto, professional race car driver

References

References

1. [http://www.city.toyohashi.lg.jp/item/17094.htm#itemid17094 Toyohashi City official statistics] {{in lang. ja
2. [https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-aichi.php Toyohashi population statistics]
3. "International Exchange". Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR).
4. "Interactive City Directory". [[Sister Cities International]].
5. "Miestai partneriai". Panevėžys.
6. [http://www.city.toyohashi.aichi.jp/en/welcome.html Toyohashi City / Welcome]
7. "[http://www.brasemb.or.jp/portugues/community/school.php Escolas Brasileiras Homologadas no Japão]" ([https://archive.today/20080207160806/http://www.brasemb.or.jp/portugues/community/school.php Archive]). Embassy of Brazil in Tokyo. Retrieved on October 13, 2015.
8. link. Toyohashi Korean Elementary School and Kindergarten. 愛知県豊橋市柳生町19"
9. [http://www.city.toyohashi.aichi.jp/en/i_map_e.html Toyohashi Culture Map]
10. Whisp, Kennilworthy. (2001). "[[Quidditch Through the Ages]]". WhizzHard Books.