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TORCH syndrome

Syndrome caused by a group of congenital infections

Summary

Syndrome caused by a group of congenital infections

Field	Value
name	TORCH syndrome
synonyms	TORCH infection
image	{{multiple image
total_width	300
border	infobox
perrow	2/2
caption_align	center
image1	Toxoplasmosis, Congenital.jpg
caption1	Congenital toxoplasmosis
image2	Cataracts due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) PHIL 4284 lores.jpg
caption2	CRS cataracts caused by rubella
image3	PMID20029144 06 cytomegalovirus retinitis - pizza pie.png
caption3	Retinitis caused by cytomegalovirus
image4	Herpes néonatal Herpes simplex b.jpg
caption4	Neonatal herpes
caption	Different manifestations of the four classical TORCH infections
field	Neonatology, infectious disease
symptoms	hepatosplenomegaly, fever, lethargy, difficulty feeding, anemia, petechiae, purpurae, jaundice, and chorioretinitis
complications	Stillbirth, etc.
treatment	Mainly supportive

TORCH syndrome is a cluster of symptoms caused by congenital infection with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and other organisms including syphilis, parvovirus, and Varicella zoster. Zika virus is considered the most recent member of TORCH infections.

TORCH is an acronym for (T)oxoplasmosis, (O)ther Agents, (R)ubella, (C)ytomegalovirus, and (H)erpes Simplex.

Signs and symptoms

Though caused by different infections, the signs and symptoms of TORCH syndrome are consistent. They include hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen), fever, lethargy, difficulty feeding, anemia, petechiae, purpurae, jaundice, and chorioretinitis. The specific infection may cause additional symptoms.

TORCH syndrome may develop before birth, causing stillbirth, in the neonatal period, or later in life.

Pathophysiology

TORCH syndrome is caused by in-utero infection with one of the TORCH agents, disrupting fetal development.

Diagnosis

Presence of IgM is diagnostic and persistence of IgG beyond 6–9 months is diagnostic.

Prevention

TORCH syndrome can be prevented by treating an infected pregnant woman, thereby preventing the infection from affecting the fetus.

Treatment

The treatment of TORCH syndrome is mainly supportive and depends on the symptoms present; medication is an option for herpes and cytomegalovirus infections.

Epidemiology

Developing countries are more severely affected by TORCH syndrome than developed countries.

References

"TORCH Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)".
Mehrjardi, Mohammad Zare. (2017). "Is Zika Virus an Emerging TORCH Agent? An Invited Commentary". Virology: Research and Treatment.
"TORCH Syndrome".
(2015-03-01). "TORCH infections". Clinics in Perinatology.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

congenital-disorders rare-syndromes

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